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only

Word family 
on·ly1 /ˈəʊnli $ ˈoʊn-/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv  
1  ONLYnot more than a particular number, age etc 仅仅，才
 Naomi was only 17 when she got married.
娜奥米结婚时才17岁。
 There are only a few cars on the island.
这个岛上只有几辆汽车。
 It’s only eight o'clock.
才8点钟。
2  ONLYused to say that something or someone is not very important, serious etc 只是，不过〔表示不重要、不严重等〕
 It was only a joke.
这只是个玩笑。
 It’s an interesting job, but it’s only temporary.
这工作很有意思，但只是临时性的。
 They’re only small cuts, nothing life-threatening.
这些只不过是轻微的割伤，不会危及生命。
3  ONLYnothing or no one except a particular person or thing 只限，只有
 Only the president can authorize a nuclear attack.
只有总统才能授权发动核攻击。
 We use only the best ingredients.
我们只选用最佳的食材。
women/men/residents etc only
 The car park is for staff only.
这个停车场只限员工使用。
4  ONLYused to say that something happens or is possible in one particular situation or place and no others, or for one particular reason 只有(在…的情况下才…)
 I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else.
我告诉你，但条件是你不告诉别人。
 I ate the food, but only because I was starving.
我吃了这些食物，但只是因为我饿极了。
 The transfer takes place only when the data is complete.
唯有当数据完整后才可以开始传输。
5 GRAMMAR 语法
You can put a phrase or clause beginning with only first, to emphasize it. You put the subject after an auxiliary in the main clause. 可将only置于短语或从句前，表示强调，主句中的主语置于助动词后
Only in London did I find a purpose in life.
只有在伦敦我才找到了生活的目标。
Only by changing themselves can organizations continue to succeed.
机构只有自我变革才能继续成功。
n GRAMMAR: Word order
Only usually comes between the subject and the main verb:
I only saw two people.
Only usually comes between an auxiliary verb and a main verb:
I can only see two people.
When you want to emphasize what you are saying, you sometimes use only at the beginning of a sentence, and put the auxiliary verb before the subject:
Only later did I understand what she meant.
Only by improving social and economic conditions can good health be achieved.
5  TIME/AT A PARTICULAR TIMEno earlier than a particular time 不早于，才，刚
6  only just British EnglishBrE
Examples from the Corpus
only just• As it turns out, though, one of the greatest albums in his catalog has only just been released commercially.• However, the hard part of Operation Restore Hope may have only just begun.• The great black migration from the West Side-and from the Deep South-had only just begun.• It was sparsely furnished, for Anne had only just come into her inheritance, but it was newly decorated and clean.• She must be dreaming, but surely she had only just gone to sleep.• Unemployment is still only just half of what it was seven years ago.• She remembered that he had a knack for getting people to stop shooting, and usually only just in time.
7  can only hope/wait etc used to say that it is not possible to do more than hope etc 只能希望/等待等
Examples from the Corpus
can only hope/wait etc• We can only wait and help each other and watch this dreadful plague spread.• The scientists can only wait and hope.• Like the steeplechase where Vronsky breaks his mare's back with reckless riding, you can only wait for the pistol shot.• We can only hope Gilstrap won't push to have any of that text deleted.• Hamilton can only hope he improves as much as Benes has since the Padres traded him.• Dagenham's employees can only hope that Ford does not resurrect the phrase in the 1990s.• Users can only hope the vendors will apply the same effort to other unresolved technology issues.• You can only hope they learned from their mistakes.
8  I can only think/suppose/assume (that) spoken used when you are giving a reason for something, to say that you do not know something for certain but think that this is the only possible reason 我只能认为/假定/假设〔用于说明唯一可能的理由〕
Examples from the Corpus
I can only think/suppose/assume (that)• As for an Iguana Air, I can only assume it's a tropical airline.• Now if I can only think of their name.
9  I only wish/hope spokenHOPEWANT used to express a strong wish or hope 但愿/希望
Examples from the Corpus
I only wish/hope• It's a great honour and I only hope and pray I won't let Monsieur down.• Exhibit A in defense of the caveman. I only wish Becker had taken questions from the audience.• I am sorry your life is so burdensome, I only wish I could help in some way.• They were all very heartened that some one was at last taking an interest: I only wish I had had a tape recorder!• I only wish I knew what I could do to help.• It will suit Mrs Rochester perfectly. I only wish I were more handsome, as she's so beautiful.• And I only wish the world had a sense of the glamour like we had in the Sixties.• At present I only wish to draw attention to a possible ambiguity in a crucial move.• I enjoyed the whole of the Chuck Berry interview - I only wish we'd had longer.
10  if only spoken used to express a strong wish 但愿，如果…就好了
Examples from the Corpus
if only• He may have survived if only he could have found it.• Oh, if only he were different!• Oh ma'am if only I had shown myself strong in the face of temptation!• She was certain that if only they could get away, he'd go superbly over this country.• Women needed men, if only to get out of the company of other women.• I am setting off next Wednesday ... Ah, if only we had clarinets too!• A compelling performance consequence can always be found, if only you choose to find, communicate, and manage toward it.
11  you’ll only spokenBAD used to tell someone that what they want to do will have a bad effect 你只会〔用于告诉某人其所做的事只会带来坏结果〕
12  you only have to read/look at/listen to etc something spokenPROVE used to say that it is easy to know that something is true because you can see or hear things that prove it 你只要读一读/看一下/听一听等某事物〔用于表示要了解事实真相很容易〕
13  only to SURPRISEDDISAPPOINTEDused to say that someone did something, with a disappointing or surprising result 结果只是〔用于表示结果令人失望或感到意外〕
14  only too very 很，非常
Examples from the Corpus
only too• Again we have seen only too clearly in some other countries what can happen if you personify and almost deify the State.• Then there are those of us who are only too happy Louisiana enacted the law.• He would be only too happy to dial 911 when Walter slumped over in shock, unable to speak.• They know the way that the wind is blowing, and would be only too pleased to be redeployed into another trade.• Children know only too well the errors they commit while playing baseball or the missteps in the gymnastics routine.• I found myself acting the part of a wooer only too well.• At Oxford I discovered that most people were only too willing to be friendly if I gave them a chance.
→ not only ... but (also) at not(4), → only have eyes for somebody at eye1(32), → for somebody’s eyes only at eye1(25)
Examples from the Corpus
only• She was only 17 when she got married.• I got these four chairs for only $99.• The restrooms are for customers only.• She doesn't earn very much. She's only a cashier.• "Is it far?" "No, it's only a mile away."• This Jesuit was not only a profound preacher, but the founder of orphanages and improver of prison conditions.• Only Denny got all six answers right.• I only did it because I thought you wanted me to.• High impact aerobics is only for people who are extremely fit.• The bee orchid is a rare plant normally only found in Mediterranean climates.• It is a quality that comes not only from advisory, but from the organization of instruction as well.• I was only gone 15 minutes.• I only got here last night.• We only have a very small garden.• He says he'll come, but only if you promise not to tease him.• These flowers grow only in Hawaii.• Oh, come on. I was only joking.• She only married him for his money.• The manager is master only of his actions, not the outcomes of those actions.• Not only on deck, but on watch.• You only see what the movement needs.• He seemed to be smiling, but he might have been only squinting against the light.• Ms Walker said she only started stealing because her children were hungry.• Women only swimming sessions are held every Thursday.• Of 112 outfits, I had only the haziest recollection of red, pink and leopard-print.• In other words, only those agreeing with you are driven by moral belief or true conviction.• Becky was only three when she started to read.• You're only wearing a T-shirt. No wonder you're cold.
women/men/residents etc only• The Parkins' house stood in a drive marked at the entrance with a notice restricting access to residents only.• There are other events for women only.• Brown Men only eat nuts, berries and apples, and use their bows and arrows to chase hunters away from innocent game.• Have you ever noticed how a tradition, specifically concerning men only, has changed since the end of the last war?• But it took many by surprise, those who still imagined that women only loved; whereas men lusted.• In particular the notion that nurse training is for the young and for women only must be dispelled; no mean task.• Their Mostly Men range with its distinctive packaging is a superb collection of men only products.• Two men only would advance to the semis.
only when• Or should it be raised only when a family member needs a transplant?• Medical help is likely to be sought only when hypoglycaemia is severe and the patient is unconscious, agitated, or uncooperative.• It was only when I started to receive my magazine that I realised just how courageous the lifeboat crews are.• But it so chanced it was covered deep, and came to light only when I was here to see.• He challenges the orthodox view that elderly people turn to formal agencies for help only when informal support is absent or inadequate.• Size is a virtue only when it is combined with flexibility.• The terror ended only when the weary throng dissipated itself.• Got up only when they made the bed, a bed bath twice a week.
only then did/would/could etc somebody do something• But as feelings of guilt suddenly swamped her, only then did Fabia appreciate how much she had been herself with Ven.• I confess that only then did I begin to appreciate the difficulties that Richard Montacune had faced.• For only then did it come to her that - she still hadn't done her interview!• And only then did they switch on the light.
only2 ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  used to say that there is one person, thing, or group in a particular situation and no others 唯一的，仅有的
2  the only thing/problem is ... spokenPROBLEM used when you are going to mention a problem or disadvantage 唯有一点是…/只有一个问题是…〔用于提出问题或缺点〕
Examples from the Corpus
the only thing/problem is ...• In fact the only problem is deciding where to start.• It duplicates perfectly in production, so the only problem is making the first copy.• Well, no problem with the casting, the only problem is remembering the plot.• I did some um and the only problem is size.• But the only thing is they are really small.
3. an only child CHILDa child who has no brothers or sisters 独生子[女] → the one and only at one4(2), → (only) time will tell at time1(36)
Examples from the Corpus
an only child• And I was an only child.• E is for Ethel For most of my life I was an only child.• I was brought up by adoptive parents as an only child.• Shared nannies are becoming more popular and other children can provide stimulation and company if yours is an only child.• Sometimes I think I was intended to be an only child, and got born into a large family by a mistake.• The princess grew up thinking she was an only child but one day discovered she had twelve brothers.• Maman had given the impression she was an only child, she thought, but was that the truth?• It must be terrible to lose an only child; to lose any child.
Examples from the Corpus
only• Cloned mutated genes were fully sequenced to ensure that the only changes were those required.• The only clue had come in the late morning.• But it was not the only one.• Even so, my right hand is clenched into a fist, the only outward sign that I am afraid.• The only surprise was that the game finished with all 22 participants present.
the only one• In the supermarket and the local shop they are, at present, the only one.• But prosecutors say Gomez is the only one charged with actually shooting into the vehicle.• He was the only one from the island out.• But that will, of course, is the only one that's valid.• The attache was the only one that was locked, and the only one that seemed to contain anything.• He was the only one to keep moving at the same speed.• Dana had to be shielded from Roman's anger, and she was the only one who could do that.• I think I am the only one who hasn't had to pay any fines for not missing a tournament.
only3 ●○○ conjunction spoken  
BUTused like ‘but’ to give the reason why something is not possible 只是，但是，可是 SYN except (that)
 I’d offer to help, only I’m really busy just now.
我是想帮你的，但眼下我实在很忙。
Examples from the Corpus
only• I'd offer to help, only I'm kind of busy right now.
Origin only2
Old English anlic, from an; → ONE3
on·ly1 adverbadv →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2only2 adjectiveadjonly3 conjunction
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