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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1998 COCA: 2298

shock

Word family 
Related topics: Illness & disability, Electricity
shock1 /ʃɒk $ ʃɑːk/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  unexpected event/situation 意外的事件/情况 [countableC usually singular]SHOCK if something that happens is a shock, you did not expect it, and it makes you feel very surprised, and usually upset 令人震惊的事
shock to
 The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone.
他去世的消息让所有人都非常震惊。
it was a shock to find/discover etc that
 It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close.
听说工厂将被迫关闭，真是很震惊。
2  unexpected unpleasant feeling 意外的不愉快感觉 [singular, uncountableU]SHOCK the feeling of surprise and disbelief you have when something very unexpected happens, especially something bad or frightening 吃惊，震惊，惊愕
 She was shaking with shock and humiliation.
她又是震惊，又是羞辱，身体直发抖。
the shock of (doing) something
 Mom’s never really gotten over the shock of Dad’s death.
妈妈一直没有从爸爸去世的打击中完全恢复过来。
3  medical 医学的 [uncountableU]MI a medical condition in which someone looks pale and their heart and lungs are not working correctly, usually after a sudden very unpleasant experience 休克
 He was bleeding from the head and suffering from shock.
他头部流血，陷入休克状态。
 He is clearly in a state of shock.
他显然处于休克状态。
 The tanker driver was treated for shock and released.
油罐车司机因休克接受治疗后已经出院。
4. electricity 电 [countableC]HPE an electric shock 电击；触电
5. vehicle 车辆 [countableC usually plural] a shock absorber 减震器
6  shock of hair HBHa very thick mass of hair 浓密的头发
 an energetic young man with a shock of red hair
有一头浓密红发、充满活力的年轻人
Examples from the Corpus
shock of hair• He moved, and his shock of hair caught the sun as he raked a hand through it.
7  sudden change 突然的变化 [countableC] a sudden unexpected change which threatens the economic situation, way of life, or traditions of a group of people – used especially in news reports 〔突如其来的威胁经济形势、生活方式或传统的〕冲击，震荡〔尤用于新闻报道〕
 the oil shocks of the 1970s
20世纪70 年代的石油冲击
8  shaking 震动 [countableC, uncountableU]SHAKE violent shaking caused for example by an explosion or earthquake 〔爆炸、地震等引起的〕剧烈震动
 The shock was felt miles away.
数英里之外都感觉到震动。
→ shock wave, culture shock, shocked, shell shock, toxic shock syndrome
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
adjectives
a big/great shock 极大的震惊
It was a great shock to find out he had been lying.
知道他一直在撒谎真让人震惊不已。
a terrible/awful shock 极大的震惊
Her death was a terrible shock to everyone.
她的死让所有人都非常震惊。
a complete/total shock 深感震惊
No one expected the factory to close – it was a complete shock.
没人料到工厂会关闭——这让人非常震惊。
a nasty shock especially British EnglishBrE (=one that is very unpleasant and upsetting) 令人极度震惊
nCome and sit down. You’ve had a nasty shock.
na rude shock formal (=one that is unexpected and unpleasant but not serious)
Shopping for food in Miyako brought a rude shock. The prices were breathtaking.
verbs
get/have a shock 感到震惊
I got a shock when I saw how thin he had become.
看到他变得这么消瘦,我很震惊。
give somebody a shock 使某人震惊
Oh, you gave me quite a shock.
噢,你让我吃惊不小。
get over/recover from a shock 从打击中恢复过来
He hasn’t got over the shock of losing his job yet.
他还没有从失业的打击中恢复过来。
ndie of shock informal (=be very surprised)
I nearly died of shock when I saw Helen at the door.
phrases
come as a shock (=be very unexpected) 非常震惊
The collapse of the company came as a shock to us all.
公司的倒闭让我们所有人都感到震惊。
be a bit of a shock British EnglishBrE especially spoken (=be a shock, but not very serious or unpleasant) 有点意外
I wasn’t expecting to win, so it was a bit of a shock.
我没想到会赢,所以有点意外。
be a shock to the system (=be strange because you are not used to something) 不习惯,不适应
Having to work full-time again was quite a shock to the system.
又得全天上班身体很不习惯。
be in for a shock (=be likely to have a shock) 可能会吃惊
Anyone who thinks that bringing up children is easy is in for a shock.
谁认为抚养孩子容易,谁就会吃惊的。
be in a state of shock (also be in deep shock) (=be very shocked and upset) 大为震惊
nEva left the room in a state of shock.
get the shock of your life (=get a very big shock) 深感震惊
nHe got the shock of his life when he found out who I was.
Examples from the Corpus
shock• "The bill came to £500." "That must have been a shock."• If the FBI thought they could outwit him, they were in for a shock.• Gary got a shock when his ex-girlfriend turned up on his doorstep.• It was impossible for any society to absorb without hardship a shock like that of the massive loss of trade to Gdynia.• It gave me a shock to realize that I had almost died.• It gave me a shock when I realized how close I had come to being killed.• Peterborough weathered the storm and could have taken a shock lead after 31 minutes.• She realised that the pain and shock of that loss had never truly healed.• It was a big shock to me how men in the mills got physically used up.• It was a big shock when Connie said she was leaving her husband.• Their children, however, were born into such a state of culture shock that they were afraid to budge.• Within several months of landing, the daily shock of frigid cold and oven heat will crack the brain chips into uselessness.• The teacher was then taken into another room and shown an apparatus which could deliver electric shocks to the learner.• Fellow students expressed shock and dismay over the racist incidents.• He realised with a faint shock that it was Lulu, much older but still beautiful.• Several passengers were taken to the hospital to be treated for shock.• Going on holiday with Ian had been a rude shock -- he'd been argumentative, mean and not at all what she'd expected.• We got a terrible shock when the police rang to say that they had arrested our daughter.• The shock of the explosion could be felt miles away.• We listened to the announcer with shock and disbelief -- another bomb had exploded in the city.
it was a shock to find/discover etc that• Arthur is shocked to find that Adam loves Hetty.• I was shocked to discover that Cool Whip was a key ingredient.• I was shocked to find that such blatant disparity in benefits still existed.• It was a shock to discover that Peter was so different from the way she had imagined.• Middlesbrough woman Gwen Lamb was shocked to discover that anyone can offer residential accommodation to the most vulnerable in society.
the shock of (doing) something• He looked tired, a little subdued, and suddenly she was stunned by an almost overwhelming shock of tenderness.• It was labelled as being able to give shocks of up to 450 volts.• The shock of the explosion rocked the helicopter.• The shock of this admission lies less in its content than in its timing.• It's thought he may have collapsed from the shock of the burglary.• He said he was the security guard, but he had the shock of his life when he saw me.• But he had also been through the great oil shock of 1973.• But the trouble with the shock of the new is that it quickly becomes the familiarity of the old.
suffering from shock• She had spent the last ten days in bed, suffering from shock, the after-reaction fierce, frightening.• His wife was rescued uninjured but suffering from shock, and rescuers later recovered a human leg with a flipper attached.• Finally she asked to speak to Mr McGay the teacher who sent her home suffering from shock.• His pillion passenger is in hospital suffering from shock.• Leanne was also taken to hospital, suffering from shock, but was later released into police custody.• The driver was taken to hospital suffering from shock.• Now I think we're mainly suffering from shock.• At least 49 people were reported to have been hurt or were suffering from shock.
shock2 ●●● S2 verb  
1  [transitiveT]SURPRISED to make someone feel very surprised and upset, and unable to believe what has happened 使震惊，使惊愕，使难以置信
 The hatred in her voice shocked him.
她语气中的仇恨让他震惊。
shock somebody to hear/learn/discover etc that
 They had been shocked to hear that the hospital was closing down.
听说这家医院就要关闭，他们惊讶不已。
it shocks somebody that/how/to do
 It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我们差点就没命，我心惊肉跳。
shock somebody into (doing) something
 She was shocked into action by the desperate situation in the orphanages.
她被孤儿院里的惨境所震撼，行动了起来。
2  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]OFFEND to make someone feel very offended, by talking or behaving in an immoral or socially unacceptable way 言语或行为〕惹人生气，使愤慨，使人不快
 He seems to enjoy shocking people.
他好像就喜欢惹人不快。
 Just ignore the bad language – they only do it to shock.
不要理会那些脏话——他们这样做只是想气你。
→ shocked, shocking
Examples from the Corpus
shock• He also hurled other shocking words at the First Lady.• The change in the man was shocking.• Gorbachev looked shocked by my familiarity, then burst into laughter.• Many readers were shocked by the number of obscenities in the article.• I just felt I had to shock her into taking some action.• My father was shocked into silence.• What really shocked me was that no-one seemed to care about all the beggars.• The students were shocked that such a simple home could hide the people from the rain.• Apparently literature of this kind does not shock the officials of the Ministry of Information who are charged with censoring dangerous works.• Obviously, her suicide shocked the whole school.• You might be shocked to realize how much you spend in certain areas.• It shocked us to see how ill she looked.• The decision to drop the hit that has won 26 Emmy awards has shocked viewers.• All this may not shock you senseless.
shock somebody into (doing) something• The gasps of shock built into a cacophony of questions.• When her red boots stepped on to the pavement the shock which smacked into her was conveniently attributed to the cold.• The tiny device shocks the heart into normal rhythm when it beats too fast.• Martinez apparently had shocked the students into reading the textbook before exams.• This would shock him into repentance so that he would be saved.• A full minute later the shock wave slams into the sea.
shock3 adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  SURPRISEDvery surprising – used especially in news reports 令人震惊的，令人大感意外的〔尤用于新闻报道〕
 England’s shock defeat by Luxembourg
英格兰队对卢森堡队的意外败北
2  shock tactics methods of achieving what you want by deliberately shocking people 震惊战术，突击手段〔故意使人吃惊以达到某目的〕
Examples from the Corpus
shock tactics• Some of them think of it as shock tactics.• That's easy; shock tactics.• The 1955 original was a triumph of atmosphere, character, diabolical wit and outright scare-you-silly shock tactics.• And shock tactics: The drink-drive cure that's not a soft option.• The application of shock tactics to bend the will of the unwilling.• Time and again he has used persuasion - and on occasion shock tactics - to try to prevent young girls having abortions.
Examples from the Corpus
shock• The chairman made a shock announcement that 500 employees would lose their jobs.• Then came Costin's shock confession after he had been named in the Raiders' side to play the following weekend.• Liverpool suffered a shock defeat at Halifax last night, beaten by five goals to nil.• Bucharest's political scientists are quick to argue that the shock poll result did not mean a majority wanted the dictator back.
Origin shock1
1. French choc, from choquer “to strike against”
2. (1800-1900) Perhaps from shock “bunch of cut wheat, corn, etc.” ((14-20 centuries)), or from shock “dog with long rough hair” ((17-19 centuries))
shock1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1shock2 verbshock3 adjectiveadj
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