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TOEFL BNC: 2168 COCA: 3039

calculate

Word family 
Related topics: Numbers
cal·cu·late /ˈkælkjəleɪt/ ●●● S2 W3 verb [transitiveT]  
1  FIND OUTto find out how much something will cost, how long something will take etc, by using numbers 计算，核算
 These instruments calculate distances precisely.
这些仪器计算距离非常精确。
calculate how much/how many etc
 I’m trying to calculate how much paint we need.
我想算出我们需要多少涂料。
calculate (that)
 Sally calculated that she’d have about £100 left.
萨莉算了一下，自己还会剩下100英镑左右。
calculate something on something
 Rates are calculated on an hourly basis.
收费按小时计算。
 Register
In everyday English, people usually say that they work something out or, in American English, figure something out, rather than calculate it: 在日常英语中，人们一般不说calculate，而说work something out，美国英语里则说figure something out
We still haven’t worked out how much it’s all going to cost.
我们还没算出总共需要多少钱。
n Grammar
In more formal English, you say it is calculated that:
It is calculated that over $16 billion has been spent on the project.
2  GUESSto guess something using as many facts as you can find 预测，估计
calculate (that)
 Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.
研究人员估测这一群体患心脏病的机率更高。
calculate how/what/whether etc
 It’s difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the company.
很难估计所有这些变化将会对公司产生怎样的影响。
3  be calculated to do something DELIBERATELYto be intended to have a particular effect 旨在做某事，用意在于某事
 a question calculated to embarrass him
故意要让他难堪的一个问题
Examples from the Corpus
be calculated to do something• The commercials are calculated to attract young single consumers.• The S phase duration was calculated to be 10 hours.• The maximum concentration of free fatty acid in the incubation mixture was calculated to be 50 µM.• By the end of 1988 the lifetime output was calculated to be less than 22 percent of its original design capacity.• Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient was calculated to determine the correlation between relative frequency and coverage.• The way the Sibyl thought it necessary to start was calculated to frighten any but the boldest.• Pearsons correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the association between continuous variables.• On the contrary, much of it - the taxation proposals in particular - is calculated to sacrifice our competitive edge.• Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost or valuation of tangible assets other than freehold land over their estimated useful lives.
4 calculate on something phrasal verbphr v DEPEND ON/RELY ONif you calculate on something, you are depending on it for your plans to succeed 指望，期望
 We’re calculating on an early start.
我们指望早点开始。
calculate on somebody/something doing something
 Ken hadn’t calculated on Polson refusing his offer.
肯没有料到波尔森会拒绝他的提议。
Examples from the Corpus
calculate on somebody/something doing something• Ken hadn't calculated on Williams refusing his offer.• In addition project outcome correlations with project-independent variables were calculated on the pooled data.• Obviously he was calculating on the basis of marginal costs of running the car, but this is what all motorists do.• Payments are calculated on the basis of the worker's age, length of continuous service, and pay.• Rebuilding costs might be calculated on a rule of thumb basis but the assumptions would be relatively arbitrary.• The annual budget was calculated on a historical basis of costs from previous years.• This figure is calculated on the assumption that an album retails for just under £7.• Thus, relative risks were calculated on 130 patients.
n THESAURUS
calculate formal to find out an amount, price, or value by adding numbers together
The students calculated the cost of printing 5000 copies of their book.
work out to calculate something. Work out is less formal than calculate, and is more common in everyday English
You need to work out how much you will need to borrow.
figure out (also figure American EnglishAmE) informal to calculate an amount
We still haven't figured out how much it's all going to cost.
the method for figuring welfare payments
count to find out the total number of things or people in a group by looking at each one and adding them all together
The teacher counted the children as they got on the bus.
total (also total up) to add a number of things together to get a final number
Once the scores have been totaled, we will announce the winner.
Okay, now let's total up who had the most points.
quantify formal to say how much something costs, how much of it there is, how serious or effective it is etc
I think it's difficult to quantify the cost at the moment, for a variety of reasons.
How do you quantify the benefits of the treatment?
a reliable method for quantifying the amount of calcium in the blood
assess formal to calculate what the value or cost of something is, or decide how good, bad etc something is
The value of the paintings was assessed at $20 million.
They are still assessing the damage.
We need to have a better way of assessing students' progress.
estimate to guess an amount, price, or number as exactly as you can, based on the knowledge you have
The police department estimates that the number of violent crimes will decrease by 2%.
put a figure on something to say what you think the exact total amount or value of something is, especially when it is a lot
It's hard to put a figure on it, but the final cost is likely to be over £225 million.
The company has refused to put a figure on its losses.
project to calculate what an amount will be in the future, using the information you have now
The company projects sales of $4 million this year.
different ways of calculating
add to put two or more numbers together to find the total
If you add 7 and 5, you get 12.
subtract/take away to reduce one number by another number. take something away sounds more informal than subtract
If you subtract 12 from 15, you get 3.
multiply to add a number to itself a particular number of times
4 multiplied by 10 is 40.
divide to calculate how many times one number contains another number
10 divided by 2 equals 5.
Examples from the Corpus
calculate• Alternatively, the balance conditions of the Hay bridge can be derived to allow L and R to be calculated.• Several different scenarios can be calculated and printed out very rapidly.• The price was calculated from an average of the market price in the last six months, as per stock market regulations.• I began calculating how long it would take to get to the airport if I left at 4:00.• Effective administration needs people, managers, unswerving devotion and discipline; building from scratch needs capital and carefully calculated investment.• He calculated that he could not beat either Heath or Maudling, and he preferred to avoid the contest.• Sally calculated that she needed $300 to pay all her bills.• He calculates the car will last two more years after which he thinks he will be able to sell it for £400.• Their accountant calculated the total cost of the project.• Mixing curves are ticked to represent 20% increments, and were calculated using the following parameters.
calculate something on something• Rates are calculated on an hourly basis.
calculate how/what/whether etc• Already they would be consulting their watches, calculating how long it would be before he could make it.• We posted our letters, and immediately started calculating how long it would take for replies to reach us.• Next he had to calculate how many rounds each man had to plough.• Given certain pieces of data, it is necessary to calculate how many words in the lexicon match this search criteria.• I calculated how much kinase I had missed earlier and then just made up for it.• This would allow investors to factor out inflation before calculating how much money they made on the sale of a particular asset.• You will be shocked when you calculate how much money you will need to get your business up and going.• I waited, looking on while he calculated how much she owed him.
Origin calculate
(1500-1600) Latin past participle of calculare, from calculus “stone used in counting”; → CALCULUS
cal·cu·late verb →n GRAMMAR1 →REGISTER1
→n THESAURUS1
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