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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5538 COCA: 5372

grind

Word family 
Related topics: Cooking, Technology
grind1 /ɡraɪnd/ ●○○ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp ground /ɡraʊnd/)  
1  into small pieces 变成碎末 [transitiveT]
a) (also grind up)SQUASH to break something such as corn or coffee beans into small pieces or powder, either in a machine or between two hard surfaces 磨碎，碾碎，把…磨成粉
 freshly ground pepper
现磨的胡椒粉
b) American EnglishAmEDFCCUT to cut food, especially raw meat, into very small pieces by putting it through a machine 〔用机器〕绞碎〔食物，尤指肉〕 SYN British English mince
 ground beef
牛肉末
2  smooth/sharp 光滑的/锋利的 [transitiveT]TFLATSHARP to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine 磨光，磨利
 a stone for grinding knives and scissors
磨刀剪的石头
 The lenses are ground to a high standard of precision.
镜片被磨到很高的精确度。
3  press 挤压
a) [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]SQUASH to press something onto a surface and rub it with a strong twisting movement 用力旋转着挤压
grind something into something
 He dropped a cigar butt and ground it into the carpet with his heel.
他扔下雪茄烟头，用脚后跟把它碾进地毯里。
 He ground out his cigarette on the window ledge.
他在窗台上捻灭香烟。
b) [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to press hard against something 用力挤压
grind against/together
 as these plates (=large areas of land) grind against each other
随着地壳板块的互相挤压
4. grind your teeth BITEto rub your upper and lower teeth together, making a noise 把牙齿磨得嘎嘎响，磨牙
Examples from the Corpus
grind your teeth• traffic problems that make us grind our teeth• It's my husband Deardrie - he keeps me awake at night, grinding his teeth!• Small Dave ground his teeth and spat into the daylight.• I ground my teeth as I watched her crawl back into the machinery.• For a while a man ground his teeth horribly, only feet away.• Terry ground his teeth in consternation.• Mortally wounded, frothing at the mouth, grinding his teeth in pain, he chose the floor instead.• His jaw ached and he realised that he was grinding his teeth, so he released the muscles and tried to relax.• She was grinding her teeth, until the taste of blood made her stop.
5  grind to a halt  (also come to a grinding halt)
a) STOP MOVINGif a vehicle grinds to a halt, it stops gradually 〔车辆〕慢慢停下来
 Traffic ground to a halt as it approached the accident site.
车辆在靠近事故现场时慢慢停了下来。
b) STOP HAPPENINGif a country, organization, or process grinds to a halt, its activity or the process gradually stops 〔国家、组织或进程〕逐渐停顿，慢慢瘫痪
 After two days the talks had ground to a halt.
两天之后，谈判进行不下去了。
Examples from the Corpus
grind to a halt• Treasury yield drops However, the rally in U. S. Treasuries ground to a halt.• But low hydrogen yields and poisoned catalysts soon had these systems grinding to a halt.• Offices, factories, industry, communications, transport ... all of it grinding to a halt.• The co-op went bankrupt during the Great Depression, said Gross, and maintenance slowly ground to a halt.• The tiny pens, scrawling in palsied traces on endless white ribbons of paper, slowly ground to a halt.• Traffic ground to a halt as we got closer to the accident.• Production ground to a halt at five of the factories.• It seemed as though things had ground to a halt in there.• Business ground to a halt throughout much of the Northeast, South and Midwest.• Compare the problems in Glen Nevis where in summer traffic all but grinds to a halt, to see the possible outcome.
6. perform a movement 做一个动作 to perform a special movement in skateboarding or rollerblading, which involves moving sideways along the edge of something, so that the bar connecting the wheels of the skateboard or rollerblade presses hard against the edge 〔玩滑板或溜冰时〕擦边，碾磨边缘
7 grind somebody ↔ down phrasal verbphr v CONTROLto treat someone in a cruel way for such a long time that they lose all courage and hope 〔长期地〕欺压，折磨〔某人，使其丧失勇气、希望等〕 SYN oppress
 I’ve never let male colleagues grind me down.
我从没让男同事欺负过我。
Examples from the Corpus
grind down• Alternatively, chop the nuts very finely, add the garlic and use a pestle and mortar to grind them down.• I've never let male colleagues grind me down.• Larry moved her to Beaumont, Texas, where his jealousy and possessive ways slowly ground her down.• Westmoreland was wrong to count on his superior firepower to grind us down.• With Rufus it did to some extent come back again and all he could do was grind it down and soldier on.• The idea is to grind his victims down by boring them to death.• He grinds the stub down carefully and looks at it an instant reverentially.• I radioed for clearance and ground slowly down the runway.
8 grind on phrasal verbphr v CONTINUOUSto continue for an unpleasantly long time 令人厌烦地持续下去
 As the negotiations grind on, time is passing towards the deadline.
谈判拖拖拉拉地进行着，很快就要到最后期限了。
9 grind something ↔ out phrasal verbphr v 
a) MAKEto produce information, writing, music etc in such large amounts that it becomes boring 大量撰写，大量提供〔信息、文字、音乐作品等〕；粗制滥造 SYN churn out
 Frank just keeps grinding out detective stories.
弗兰克就一篇又一篇不停地写侦探小说。
b) written to say something in a rough, angry, or emotional way 咬着牙说
 ‘You don’t love him, ’ he ground out.
“你并不爱他！”他咬着牙说。
Examples from the Corpus
grind out• You just grind them out at practice.• Willie dropped his cigarette and ground it out carefully under his boot.• You can have the stump removed by hiring some one to grind it out with a machine.• He flipped a cigarette to the sidewalk and ground it out with a quick turn of his heel.• Michael threw his cigarette on the slush-filled pavement and ground it out with his boot.
→ have an axe to grind at axe1(4)
Examples from the Corpus
grind• I ground my teeth as I watched her crawl back into the machinery.• The seas powdering our bones like quartz, making sand, grinding our peace for us by the aeon.• Geological features ground out by ancient glaciers are seen overlaid by the scars of recent wind erosion.• Grind some black pepper over the salad.• A bit more than a year since his election, Netanyahu has succeeded in grinding the peace process to a halt.• But low hydrogen yields and poisoned catalysts soon had these systems grinding to a halt.• But when they're to be ground up for fish meal it makes no difference.• Could you grind up some coffee for me?• These huge stones were once used for grinding wheat into flour.
freshly ground• Salt and freshly ground black pepper. 1/4 lemon, very finely chopped.• Add a pinch of salt and season generously with freshly ground black pepper.• Add coarse salt and freshly ground black pepper.• Add the fresh thyme, stirring to combine, and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper.• Place freshly ground coffee in cereal bowls inside the refrigerator for several days.• Here was also a coffee machine in which we ground the beans when a customer wanted freshly ground coffee.
ground out ... cigarette• He ground out his cigarette and glared at Litchfield.• He ground out the cigarette and watched her, the burning need in him too fierce to ignore.• Coolly Adam ground out his cigarette on the hearth.
Related topics: Education
grind2 noun  
1  [singular]WORK THAT somebody DOES something that is hard work and physically or mentally tiring 苦差事
 I find the journey to work a real grind.
我觉得上班路上很辛苦。
 workers emerging from their daily grind in the factory
干完繁重的日常劳动从工厂出来的工人
2. [countableC] American EnglishAmE informalSESTUDY a student who never does anything except study 书呆子 SYN British English swot
3. [countableC] a movement in skateboarding or rollerblading, which involves moving sideways along the edge of something, so that the bar connecting the wheels of the skateboard or rollerblade presses hard against the edge 〔玩滑板或溜冰时的〕擦边动作，碾磨边沿动作
Examples from the Corpus
grind• Work feels like such a grind lately.• The daily grind of meetings and tutorials went on.• The Prime Minister is pictured taking a break from the hard grind of political life.• The relentless grind of hard labour and ill-health had taken its toll on Booth.
From Longman Business Dictionary
grindgrind1 /graɪnd/ noun [singular]
1something that is hard work and physically or mentally tiring
I find the journey to work a real grind.
grind of
the relentless grind of international conferences
2the/your daily grind the boring things that you have to do at work every day
workers emerging from their daily grind in the factory
grindgrind2 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp ground /graʊnd/)
grind to a halt to gradually stop
If the strikes continue, steel production will grind to a halt.
These latest figures are further evidence of Britain’s economy grinding to a halt.
→ grind somebody → down
Origin grind1
Old English grindan
grind1 verbgrind2 noun
Chinese
Corpus

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