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IELTS BNC: 32 COCA: 19

say

Word family 
say1 /seɪ/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp said /sed/, third person singular3rd says /sez/)  
1  express STH in words 用言语表达某事物 [intransitiveI only in negatives, transitiveT]SAY to express an idea, feeling, thought etc using words 说
 ‘I’m so tired, ’ she said.
“我太累了。”她说。
 ‘Don’t cry, ’ he said softly.
“别哭了。”他柔声说道。
 Don’t believe anything he says.
他说什么都不要相信。
say (that)
 A spokesman said that the company had improved its safety standards.
一名发言人说公司已经提高了安全标准。
 I always said I would buy a motorbike when I had enough money.
我一直说等我有了足够的钱就买一辆摩托车。
say how/why/who etc
 Did she say what happened?
她有没有说发生了什么事？
 I would like to say how much we appreciate your hard work.
我想说我们对你的辛勤劳动非常感谢。
 ‘Why did she leave?’ ‘I don’t know – she didn’t say.’
“她为什么要离开？”“我不知道——她没说。”
say something to somebody
 What did you say to her?
你对她说了什么？
n ‘This is strange, ’ he said to himself.
a terrible/silly/strange etc thing to say 这话说得多傻！
 What a silly thing to say!
这话说得多傻！
say hello/goodbye/thank you etc (=say something to greet someone, thank someone etc) 说你好/再见/谢谢等
 She left without saying goodbye.
她不辞而别。
say you’re sorry (=apologize) 道歉
 I’ve said I’m sorry – what more do you want?
我已经道歉了——你还要怎样？
say yes/no (to something) (=agree or refuse) 同意/不同意（某事）
 Can I go, Mum? Oh, please say yes!
我可以去吗，妈妈？唉，请你同意吧！
say nothing/anything/something (about something)
 He looked as if he was going to say something.
他看起来好像要说什么。
 I wished I had said nothing about Jordi.
我真希望当时没有对乔迪发表任何意见。
have anything/nothing/something to say
 Does anyone else have anything to say?
还有人要说什么吗？
 Although he didn’t say so, it was clear that he was in pain.
虽然他没说，但是他明显很痛苦。
 What makes you say that (=why do you think that) 你怎么会那么说呢？?
你怎么会那么说呢？
say to do something (=tell someone to do something) 说要做某事
 Nina said to meet her at 4.30.
尼娜说4点30分和她碰头。
 I’d like to say a few words (=make a short speech).
我想简单地说几句。
 ‘So what are your plans now?’ ‘I’d rather not say.’
“那么你现在的计划是什么？”“我还是不说的好。”
5 GRAMMAR 语法
You cannot ‘say someone something’ or ‘say someone to do something’ . Use tell . 不能说say someone something或say someone to do something,要用tell
She told me (NOT 不说 said me) something shocking.
她告诉了我一件令人震惊的事。
You can say something about something but you cannot ‘say about something’ . Use talk . 可以说say something about something,但是不能说say about something,要用talk
He told me (NOT 不说 said me) to sit down.
他叫我坐下。
He did not talk about (NOT 不说 say about) his feelings.
他没有谈及自己的感受。
 Register
In written English, people often avoid using say when referring to opinions or ideas expressed by another writer. Instead, they prefer to use a more formal verb such as argue, assert, claim, or maintain. 在书面英语中,说到某位作者表达了什么意见或观点时,人们经常避免使用say,而是使用一个比较正式的动词,如argue, assert, claim或maintain。
2  give information 表达信息 [transitiveT]SAY/STATE to give information in the form of written words, numbers, or pictures – used about signs, clocks, letters, messages etc 〔用文字、数字、图画〕表达〔信息〕，说明
3  mean 表示 [transitiveT] used to talk about what someone means 表示，表达〔意思〕
4  think that STH is true 认为某事是真实的 [transitiveT]
5  show/be a sign of STH 表明有/是某物的迹象 [transitiveT]
6  speak the words of STH 说出词语 [transitiveT]PRAY to speak the words that are written in a play, poem, or prayer 念，朗诵
7  pronounce 发音,读 [transitiveT]SAY to pronounce a word or sound 发音，读
8  suggest/suppose STH 认为/假定某事 [transitiveT]SUGGEST used when suggesting or supposing that something might happen or be true 认为；假定，比方说
9  say to yourself THINK something/HAVE A THOUGHTto try to persuade yourself that something is true or not true 自忖，对自己说
Examples from the Corpus
say to yourself• "Face it, Jack, you're getting old, " he said to himself.• His wife, Tess said to herself.• Just look at him, Blue says to himself.• We think, but we don't really know what they were saying to each other behind closed doors.• Another few weeks, he says to himself, and every morning will be like this one.• I said to myself: ridiculous.• The worm will turn, he said to himself silently.• I said to myself that the world is revolting and man is pitiful.
 SPOKEN PHRASES
38  say something to somebody’s face informalTELL to criticize someone or say something unpleasant directly to them instead of saying it to someone else 当着某人的面直说[直接批评]
Examples from the Corpus
say something to somebody’s face• Never write anything in an e-mail that you wouldn't say to the person's face.• If you had anything to say, you said it to their face.• I'd never say it to her face, but her hair looks terrible.• It is, may I suggest, much easier to say goodbye to a face than to a wooden box.
39  that’s not saying much STRANGEused to say that it is not surprising that someone or something is better than another person or thing because the other person or thing is so bad 没什么奇怪的，没什么不寻常的〔表示另一人或物太糟糕〕
Examples from the Corpus
that’s not saying much• Better than Alex O'Neal's offering, but that's not saying much.
40  to say the least EXPRESSused to say that you could have described something, criticized someone etc a lot more severely than you have 至少可以说，说得客气点
Examples from the Corpus
to say the least• As captain and opening bat, he's an important member of the side, to say the least.• Cartoonish, to say the least.• There would be a bit of confusion, to say the least.• Try as she might, her working relationship with Stephanie Marsa was strained to say the least.• The results of these experiments were, to say the least, puzzling to the researchers.• The outlook for their national teams is, to say the least, uncertain.• The lamps look, to say the least, unreliable.• It is a bizarre setting, to say the least, where the boredom and indifference can be measured in metric tons.
41  that is to say EXPLAINused before giving more details or being more exact about something 那就是说，换句话说，更具体地说
Examples from the Corpus
that is to say• She has always known as much, that is to say as little, as the supplier needed her to know.
42  that is not to say TRUEused to make sure the person you are talking to does not think something that is not true 那并不是说，那并不表示
Examples from the Corpus
that is not to say• But that is not to say he does not feel afraid.• I have authorised his scheme, but that is not to say it will ever come about.• But that isn't to say that doing research is like breathing - you do it all the time without realising.• It does not exclude anything; but that is not to say that it can attain everything.• However, that isn't to say that male writers have it easy.• But that is not to say that Sierra Leone is not worth saving.
43  not to say especially British EnglishBrEEXPRESS used when adding a stronger description of something 更不用说，甚至可以说
Examples from the Corpus
not to say• Both men wield wonderful, not to say mythic, influence to this day.• This is not to say that all criticism is unjustified.• That's not to say that all the tracks will be jazz-heavy.• That is not to say that he was not interested in spending it.• That is not to say that Reagan was not content to see socialists replaced by conservatives in the natural course of events.• That is not to say that the quality of information upon which decisions were made and discretion exercised was always adequate.• Which is not to say they were an unending pleasure.
44  a lot/something/not much etc to be said for (doing) something SHOW/BE A SIGN OFused to say that there are a lot of or not many advantages to something （做）某事有许多/有些/没有多少好处等
45  to say nothing of something MENTIONused to mention another thing involved in what you have just been talking about 更不用说；何况
Examples from the Corpus
to say nothing of something• He brought to the job a number of attractive qualities, to say nothing of an imposing physical presence.• It is not easy, to say nothing of being undignified, to strip off a jumper in front of an audience!• It would clearly be far too expensive to repeat every investigation carried out by the police, to say nothing of delays.• Getting in would be hazardous; to say nothing of getting out, but it was his only chance.• Long-term strategy, and the opportunities of broadcasting, to say nothing of priorities, politics and ethics.• He asks her to say nothing of what occurred, agreeing that it must have been Grace Poole whom she heard.• A bounced check will cost you $25 or more, to say nothing of your credit rating.
46  have something to say about something ANGRYto be angry about something 为某事不高兴，对某事生气
Examples from the Corpus
have something to say about something• You'd better tell your dad about the dent in the car - I'm sure he'll have something to say about it.• Rodman would have something to say about juvenile fantasies of self-reliance if I told him that one.• I shall have something to say about original boards a little later.• Mind you, Sunderland, of course, could have something to say about that at Hillsborough tomorrow afternoon.• However, Trevor Francis' Birmingham will have something to say about that.• Jerome would have something to say about that..• Jen looked at me as if I ought to have something to say about this.
47. have a lot to say for yourself TALK TO somebodyto talk a lot 有许多话要说，有一肚子话要说
48. not have much to say for yourself to not talk very much 没多少话要说
49  what somebody says goes CONTROLused to emphasize who is in control in a situation 某人说了算；照某人说的办〔用于强调〕
Examples from the Corpus
what somebody says goes• I'm in charge here and what I say goes.• I look up to my brother, what he says goes with me, so that really hurt.
50. say your piece to give your opinion about something, especially something you do not like 〔尤指对不喜欢的事〕说出心里话，说出意见
Examples from the Corpus
say your piece• I was wondering what would happen when Dolly came out on to the stage and said his piece.• Now I have come forward and said my piece.• Sutton was allowed to say his piece.• The horse-trading that lies ahead will end only when the three key players have said their piece.• She'd come this far to say her piece and say it she would, come hell or high water.• The rules state that you let a guy say his piece and you consider what he said.• We each said our piece, each absolutely predictable.• He knew that he was clever and always wanted to say his piece in meetings.
→ wouldn’t say boo to a goose at boo2(3), → easier said than done at easy2(4), → enough said at enough2(6), → it goes without saying at go without, → needless to say at needless(1), → no sooner said than done at soon(9), → not say/breathe a word at word1(10), → well said at well1(13), → when all’s said and done at all1(17)
n COLLOCATIONS
things that you say
say hello/goodbye
I came to say goodbye.
say thank you
I just wanted to say thank you for being there.
say sorry/say that you’re sorry
It was probably too late to say sorry.
say yes/no
Some parents are unable to say no to their children.
say something/anything/nothing
I was about to say something to him when he looked up and smiled.
say some words
She stopped abruptly, suddenly afraid to say the words aloud.
adverbs
say so
If you don’t know the answer, don’t be afraid to say so.
phrases
a terrible/stupid/odd etc thing to say
I know it’s a terrible thing to say, but I wish he’d just go away.
have something/anything/nothing to say
He usually has something to say about just about everything.
 THESAURUS
to say something 说
say to tell someone something, using words 说
‘I really ought to go, ’ she said.
“我真的该走了。”她说。
Lauren said she’d probably be late.
劳伦说她可能会晚到。
state to say something, especially in a definite or formal way – used in official contexts 陈述,说明〔用于正式文体〕
The witness stated that he had never seen the woman before.
证人称他以前从未见过那名女子。
Please state your name and address.
请说出你的姓名和地址。
announce to publicly tell people about something 宣布,公布
The chairman announced his resignation.
主席宣布辞职。
The results will be announced tomorrow.
明天公布结果。
nWe will announce the winners next Sunday.
nThey were announcing the train times over the loudspeaker system.
declare to say something very firmly 声称,宣称
‘My personal life is none of your business, ’ she declared.
“我的个人生活与你无关。”她断然说道。
mention to talk about someone or something, especially without giving many details 提及〔尤指不给出细节〕
Did Tom mention anything about what happened at school?
汤姆有没有提到学校里发生了什么？
Your name was mentioned!
提到你名字了！
express to let someone know your feelings by putting them into words 〔用言语〕表达〔情感〕
Young children often find it difficult to express their emotions.
幼儿往往难以表达自己的情绪。
comment to say what your opinion is about someone or something 评论,发表意见
The prime minister was asked to comment on the crisis.
首相被要求对这次危机发表评论。
note/remark formal to say that you have noticed that something is true – used especially in formal writing 指出,谈到〔尤用于正式的书面文体〕
We have already noted that most old people live alone.
我们已经谈到大多数老人是独居的。
Someone once remarked that the problem with computers is that they only give you answers.
有人曾经说过,电脑的问题在于它只提供答案。
add to say something more, after what has already been said 补充说
He added that he thought it could be done fairly cheaply.
他又补充说,他觉得可以便宜点搞定。
point out to mention something that seems particularly important or relevant 指出
Dr Graham points out that most children show some signs of abnormal behaviour.
格雷厄姆博士指出,大多数儿童都会显露出行为异常的某些迹象。
It’s worth pointing out that few people actually die of this disease.
值得指出的是,很少有人真的死于这种疾病。
air to talk about your opinions, worries, or the things you disagree about 发表〔意见〕: air your views/grievances/differences
The programme will give listeners the chance to air their views about immigration.
这档节目为听众提供了对移民问题发表看法的机会。
Workers were able to air their grievances.
工人们可以说出自己的不满。
nvoice to talk publicly about your feelings or about whether you approve or disapprove of something formal: voice concern/support/doubt/fears etc
The president has already voiced his support for the proposal.
She voiced concern for the safety of the hostages.
different ways of saying something 说的不同方式
whisper to say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your full voice 低语,低声说
‘Don’t wake the baby, ’ Jenny whispered.
“别吵醒宝宝。”珍妮轻声说。
mumble to say something quietly without pronouncing the words clearly 咕哝,含糊地说
He mumbled his thanks.
他嘴里含糊不清地说着感谢的话。
mutter to say something quietly, especially when you are annoyed but do not want someone to hear you complaining 嘀咕,悄声说〔尤指不高兴,但又不想让人听到你在抱怨〕
‘This is ridiculous, ’ he muttered under his breath.
“这真荒唐。”他轻声嘟囔着。
nShe muttered something about having to go home early.
murmur to say something in a soft slow gentle voice 轻声地说,柔声地说
She stroked his hair and murmured, ‘Don’t worry. You’ll be all right.’
她轻抚着他的头发柔声说道:“别担心,你会没事的。”
growl to say something in a low angry voice 低声吼道
‘As I was saying, ’ Lewis growled, ‘it needs to be finished today.’
“我刚才说过的,”刘易斯低声吼道,“今天必须完成。”
snarl to say something in a nasty angry way 怒吼
‘Get out of my way!’ he snarled.
“滚开！”他吼道。
exclaim to say something suddenly and loudly 呼喊,惊叫
‘How beautiful!’ she exclaimed.
“多美啊！”她惊叹道。
blurt out to suddenly say something without thinking, especially something embarrassing or secret 脱口说出〔令人难堪或秘密的事〕
It was partly nervousness that had made him blurt out the question.
他脱口问了这个问题,部分原因是紧张。
stammer/stutter to speak with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds, because you have a speech problem, or because you are nervous or excited 〔因为口吃紧张或激动〕结结巴巴地说
‘I’ll, I’ll only be a m-moment, ’ he stammered.
“我——我只要一——一会儿。”他结结巴巴地说。
n GRAMMAR: Comparison
say
You say something to someone:
The principal said a few words to us.
✗Don’t say: say someone something
You use say with speech marks (‘...’) when quoting the exact words that someone used:
‘I’m sorry I’m late, ’ she said.
Joe said: ‘I’ll be back soon.’
You use say (that) when reporting what someone said:
She said that she was sorry she was late.
Joe said he would be back soon.
After said, the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense.
tell
You tell someone something:
Diane told me the news.
He told us a long story.
✗Don’t say: tell something to someone
You tell someone about something that has happened:
She told me about the accident.
✗Don’t say: He told about the accident.
You use tell someone (that) when reporting what someone said:
I told them that I was sorry.
The teacher told me I could go home.
After told, the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense. ✗Don’t say: He told that he was sorry.
Examples from the Corpus
say• I couldn't think of anything to say.• "I must be going, " she said.• "Is Joyce coming over later?" "She didn't say."• "Where's Pam going?" "I don't know. She didn't say."• Say a student came to you with a problem. You'd try to help them, right?• "I'm in love, " said Dennis.• Lauren came over to say goodbye to us.• Although we must have done about 100 miles, the petrol gauge still said half-full.• It says here that the police are closing in on the killer.• Did they say how long the operation would take?• It says in today's paper that gas prices are going up again.• One look said it all -- Richard knew that Sally wouldn't marry him.• So what you're saying, Mr President, is that you don't have a policy on this issue.• Most modern art doesn't say much to me.• Julie's clothes and her whole attitude just said "New York".• I asked Dad if he'd lend me some money, but he said no.• If there's anything you're not happy about, please say so.• Did Peter say that he would be late?• James wrote to the bank and said we needed a loan.• How do you say your last name?
I’d rather not say• "What were you doing at the time of the accident?" "I'd rather not say."
say who/what/how etc• It was hard to say what kind of a difference the class had made.• Near-spent batteries are good, but it doesn't say how long they will remain so!• He said how much his parents were looking forward to meeting Liza, especially as they had always wanted a daughter.• In a letter, Benckiser declined to say how much more it would offer for Maybelline.• But since none of us can be completely objective we have a responsibility to say what our biases are.• The vic-tims started to see strangers everywhere, indifferent people who came and went and never said who they were.• You may even wish to say what things of interest may be seen along that route.• Will my right hon. and learned Friend say how we compared internationally in the 1970s and the 1980s?
All I’m saying is• All I'm saying is that it would be better to do this first.
somebody is said to be something/do something• A certain number of members must be present before a meeting is said to be quorate and can proceed.• In the meanwhile, he is said to be hurt and shocked by the hostility of the reaction to the strategy proposals.• Lower marginal rates would also improve work incentives and shrink the black economy, which is said to be booming.• She is said to be bricked up in her room, spinning her hand loom for all eternity.• Suppose a scene is said to be in correct perspective?• The system is said to be the most advanced in the world, and has already led to several arrests.• The total damage done is said to be millions and millions.• This is said to be a future three star route.
says a lot about• H passes, it says a lot about communities that have become active behind it.• Their selection says a lot about the administration in which they have been asked to serve.• That says a lot about the curse hanging over the country.• This says a lot about the state of computing today.• That says a lot about their attitude to the problem.• But I think that says a lot about this team.• Whatever your uniform, it says a lot about your personal style.
say a prayer for• He planted a dead vine branch, then said a prayer for an early harvest.
How do you say• Nobody rewrote the guidelines accordingly. How do you say good night?
say2 ●●○ noun [singular, uncountableU]  
1  RIGHT/HAVE THE RIGHT TOthe right to take part in deciding something 决定权；发言权
2  have your say POWERto have the opportunity to give your opinion about something 有发表意见的机会
Examples from the Corpus
have your say• Whatever Kureishi may claim, minorities and special-interest groups have their say in his work.• Talk too much, and not let others have their say.• Probably the best thing about his show was that he let people have their say.• The voters are entitled to have their say on Maastricht and should be given it.• But emotions don't like that; they love to have their say.• At a public meeting yesterday, environmentalists were finally permitted to have their say about the future of the ancient forest.• Our advantage, however, was that we allowed the public to have their say on possible changes before proposals were published.• Tennis World would like you to have your say on the issue.• You've had your say -- now let someone else speak.• When the company finally makes a small offer to the widow, her lawyer will have his say, too.
Examples from the Corpus
say• The public hospitals are managed by the states, and the federal government has very little direct say in them.• Huckelberry makes a final recommendation to the Board of Supervisors, which has the final say.• Probably the best thing about his show was that he let people have their say.
has the final say• The skipper is legally responsible for your safety and has the final say over where you go.• The state Board of Education -- Florida's governor and Cabinet -- has the final say.• Under the constitution, the supreme leader, appointed by conservative clerics, has the final say in matters of state.• When siting the pumps, he explains, the community has the final say.• You can do all the planning you like, but in the end the Old Course has the final say.• They are said to be his own work, although the truth is that he probably has the final say.• Huckelberry makes a final recommendation to the Board of Supervisors, which has the final say.
say3 interjection American EnglishAmE informal  
ATTENTIONused to express surprise, or to get someone’s attention so that you can tell them something 哎，我说〔用于表示惊讶或引起别人注意〕
 Say, haven’t I seen you before somewhere?
哎，我以前是不是在哪里见过你啊？
Examples from the Corpus
say• Say, Mike, how about a beer after work?• Say, my lights don't work.
Origin say1
Old English secgan
say1 verb
→10-22

→5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →n GRAMMAR3 →n GRAMMAR4
→REGISTER1 →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1 →SPOKEN PHRASES1say2 nounsay3 interjection
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