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IELTS BNC: 499 COCA: 641
material noun
⇨ material (building materials) ⇨ equipment (cleaning/teaching materials) ⇨ fabric (a piece of material) ⇨ information (collect material for a novel)material adj.
⇨ relevant material

noun

material ♦︎ substance ♦︎ chemical ♦︎ gas ♦︎ liquid ♦︎ fluid ♦︎ stuff ♦︎ matter ♦︎ solid ♦︎ elementThese are all words for sth from which other things are made. 这些词均表示材料、原料、物质。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a natural material / substance / chemical / gas◆a chemical substance / element◆organic material / substances / chemicals / liquid / matter / elements◆radioactive material / substances / chemicals / gas / liquid / matter / elements◆a toxic material / substance / chemical / gas / liquid / element◆a flammable material / substance / gas / liquid◆(a) sticky substance / stuff / liquid / fluid / solid◆waste material / chemicals / gas / matter■ material [countable, uncountable] something that things can be made from 材料；原料◆Toxic chemicals and other materials have been found.已查出有毒化学品和其他原料。◆There were bricks, sand and other building materials in the courtyard.院子里有砖、沙子和其他建筑材料。◆Oil is the raw material for plastic.石油是生产塑料的原料。■ substance [countable] a material that has particular qualities 物质；物品◆Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the brain.精神药物是作用于大脑的化学物质。◆Substances can be divided into elements, compounds and mixtures.物质可分为元素、化合物和混合物。■ chemical [countable] a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process (= a process that involves changes to molecules or atoms) 化学制品；化学品◆This chemical is often used to make cleaning products.这种化学品常用来制作清洁产品。◆Hormones are chemicals that are released in the body and control many important functions.激素是体内释放的化学物质，调控很多重要的机能。■ gas [countable, uncountable] any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for example hydrogen or oxygen 气体◆Air is a mixture of gases.空气为混合气体。◆Producing methane gas from organic waste is another extremely practical use of resources.利用有机废物生产沼气是另一种极为切实可行的利用资源的方法。■ liquid [countable, uncountable] a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oil 液体◆She offered me a cup containing a dark brown liquid.她递给我一杯深棕色的液体。◆As the air became warmer the droplets of liquid turned to invisible water vapour.随着空气变热，液滴转化成看不见的水蒸气。▸ liquid

adjective

◆Water is liquid at room temperature.水在室温下是液态的。◆The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen.这些样本冷冻在液态氮中。OPP solid ⇨ solid ■ fluid ˈfluːɪd [countable, uncountable] (formal or technical 术语) a liquid; a substance that can flow 液体；流体；液◆The doctor told him to drink plenty of fluids.医生嘱咐他多喝流质。◆The attacker's DNA pattern was identified from a sample of body fluid.袭击者的DNA图谱从体液样本中鉴定了出来。ⓘ Although a fluid is usually a liquid, it can be any substance which can flow, for example a gas or a liquid containing small solid pieces. 尽管fluid通常是liquid，但也有可能是任何流动的物质，如气体或含小块固体的液体。■ stuff [uncountable] (informal) used to refer to a substance or material when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about （用于事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时）东西，物品，玩意儿◆What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet?地毯上那黏糊糊的都是什么玩意儿？◆The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff.那些椅子包了某种塑料膜。◆This wine is good stuff.这酒不错。◆ (disapproving) I don't know how you can eat that stuff.我不明白你怎么能吃那种东西。   see also stuff ⇨ thing 3 , thing ⇨ thing 2 ■ matter [uncountable] (formal or physics 物理) a substance or things of a particular sort; physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of; not mind or spirit （某种）东西，物品，材料；（统称）物质◆The soil is rich in organic matter.这里的土壤富含有机物。◆She didn't approve of their choice of reading matter.她不赞同他们挑选的阅读材料。◆The behaviour of matter can be quantified by measures such as weight.物质的特性可以用重量等度量单位来作量化描述。■ solid [countable] a substance or object that is hard or firm, not a liquid or gas 固体◆Is calcium carbonate normally a solid or a liquid?碳酸钙在通常情况下是固体还是液体？◆The baby is not yet on solids (= eating solid food).那婴儿还不能吃固体食物。   see also solid ⇨ solid adj. ■ element [countable] (chemistry 化学) a simple chemical substance that consists of atoms of only one type and cannot be split by chemical means into a simpler substance. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements. 元素（如金、氧、碳）◆All chemical substances, whether elements, compounds or mixtures, are made up of three types of particles.所有化学物质，无论是元素、化合物还是混合物，都由三种粒子构成。

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