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TOEFL BNC: 1189 COCA: 1180

spirit

Word family 
Related topics: Religion, Occult, Drink
spir·it1 /ˈspɪrɪt/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  character 性格 [singular, uncountableU]RRMIND the qualities that make someone live the way they do, and make them different from other people 精神，心灵
in spirit
 I’m 85, but I still feel young in spirit.
我 85 岁了，但心依然感觉年轻。
independent/proud/free etc spirit (=a person with a particular type of character) 独立/骄傲/自由等的人
 She is a strong and independent spirit.
她是一个坚强独立的人。
→ kindred spirit at kindred2(1)
2  HAPPY/SAD 快乐的/悲伤的spirits [plural]FEEL HAPPY/FRIGHTENED/BORED ETCMOOD the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are happy or sad 心境，情绪，兴致 → mood
be in good/high spirits (=be excited and happy) 兴高采烈
 Cooper was still in high spirits after winning the race.
塞巴依然处于比赛获胜后的高昂情绪中。
 His spirits were so low (=he was so sad) that he refused to answer his phone.
他情绪非常低落，连电话也不愿接。
raise/lift somebody’s spirits (=make someone happier) 振奋某人的情绪
 The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.
早晨温暖的阳光使我们精神为之一振。
 She wrote poetry while she was in the hospital to keep her spirits up (=keep happy).
她住院的时候写写诗，使自己保持愉快心情。
somebody’s spirits rise/lift/sink (=they become more or less happy) 某人高兴起来/情绪低落
 My spirits sank when I saw the mess they’d left.
看见他们留下的烂摊子，我的情绪一下子低落了。
Examples from the Corpus
keep ... spirits up• He had a strong sense of humour, and kept his spirits up.• During the war years, it helped keep our spirits up and we need it again now.• I told Tansy that she must keep her spirits up, that Rose might be needing her.
3  soul 灵魂 [countableC]RR the part of someone that you cannot see, that consists of the qualities that make up their character, which many people believe continues to live after the person has died 灵魂 → soul
 Although Laurie is dead, I can feel his spirit with me.
劳里虽然已经过世，但我还能感觉到他的灵魂和我在一起。
4  no body 幽灵 [countableC]ROGHOST a creature without a physical body that some people believe exists, such as an angel or a dead person, who has returned to this world and has strange or magical powers 精灵；鬼魂; 幽灵 → ghost
 an evil spirit
恶魔
5  determination 决心 [uncountableU]DETERMINED courage, energy, and determination – used to show approval 志气；勇气；决心〔含褒义〕
 Sandra is small, but she makes up for it with great spirit.
桑德拉身材瘦小，但她巨大的勇气弥补了这点不足。
 a young team with strong fighting spirit
一支斗志昂扬的年轻队伍
 When they took away his freedom, they broke his spirit (=made him lose his courage).
他们剥夺了他的人身自由就等于挫伤了他的锐气。
6  attitude 态度 [singular, uncountableU]ATTITUDE the attitude that you have towards something or while you are doing something 心态，态度
 You’ve got to approach this meeting in the right spirit.
你一定要以正确的态度来对待这次会议。
spirit of
 the spirit of cooperation between the two sides
双方的合作态度
7. team/community/public etc spirit UNITEa strong feeling of belonging to a particular group and wanting to help them 团队/社区/公益等精神
Examples from the Corpus
team/community/public etc spirit• This obviated the problem of building team spirit or involvement among the area staff.• Workers' distress can be reduced by adequate and effective reward systems and attention to maintaining a cooperative team spirit.• These accomplishments, and their new-found team spirit, were celebrated with social play in the evening.• Good team spirit was built up during lunch before heading out to the second round.• The specials certainly show the kind of public spirit and professionalism of the Territorials.• No doubt the team spirit was enhanced.• This community spirit even extends beyond Silver Lake proper.• This creates a good working team spirit and everyone helps everyone else out.
8  typical qualities 典型特质TYPICAL [countableC usually singular] the set of ideas, beliefs, feelings etc that are typical of a particular period in history, a place, or a group of people 〔某一特定历史时期、地方或群体的〕精神，风气
spirit of
 Tourism has not destroyed the spirit of Bali.
观光旅游还没有破坏巴厘岛的地方特色。
the spirit of the age/times
 His beliefs conflicted with the spirit of the age.
他的信念与当时的时代精神发生了冲突。
9  in spirit THINK ABOUTWITHif you say you will be somewhere in spirit or with someone in spirit, you will not be with them but will be thinking about them 在内心里，在精神上
 I can’t come to your wedding, but I’ll be there in spirit.
我不能来参加你们的婚礼，但我的心将会和你们在一起。
10  get/enter into the spirit (of something) TAKE PART/BE INVOLVEDto start to feel as happy, excited etc as the people around you 融入到…的氛围中去
Examples from the Corpus
get/enter into the spirit (of something)• Meanwhile, the audience gets into the spirit of the occasion, courtesy of comedian, Bobby Bragg from Banbury.• A good collie enters into the spirit of the hunt, up to a point.• Thomas himself got into the spirit.• Knowing who was servant and who mistress, I entered into the spirit of the farce.• It all began about 15 years ago when Pat Jackson got into the spirit and decided to decorate her house.• Flagellation and other exotic practices formed part of its creed and Rasputin entered into the spirit of these with enthusiasm.• The children are making decorations to get into the spirit of the season.• He tried hard to get into the spirit of the thing.• Mercer was entering into the spirit of things, Bambi also but more coolly.
11  intention 目的 [uncountableU] the meaning or qualities that someone intended something to have, especially the meaning that a law or rule was intended to have 〔尤指法律或规则的〕精神，本质
12. the Spirit the Holy Spirit 圣灵
Examples from the Corpus
the Spirit• As we shall see, the mission and the Spirit belong together.• One is the jumbie dance, performed for healing or a blessing from the spirits.• He was left with the distinct feeling that he had encountered some one from the spirit world on that early midsummer's morning.• You have the spirit of a Roman, Father Corrigan.• You can't kill the spirit.• He listened through the window and prayed ardently for the new baptism of the Spirit and the gift of tongues.• If she could no longer rise to an adventurous life of the spirit, she could keep doggedly on.• Will the spirit of the constitution justify this attempt to control its words?
13  drink 酒 [countableC usually plural]
14. that’s the spirit spokenAPPROVE used to express approval of someone’s behaviour or attitude 这就对了，这种态度才对〔用于认可某人的行为或态度〕
15. when/as the spirit moves you WANTwhen you feel that you want to do something 要是愿意的话，如果有兴趣
16. the spirit is willing (but the flesh is weak) used when saying that you want to do something, but you are too tired or do not feel strong enough – often used humorously 心里固然愿意（身体却很羸弱），心有余而力不足〔常为幽默用法〕
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2:
adjectives
high/good (=used when saying that someone is happy and excited)
The players were all in high spirits.
low/flagging (=used when saying that someone is sad)
She was tired and her spirits were low.
verbs
lift/raise/revive somebody’s spirits (=make them feel happier)
A brisk walk helped to lift my spirits.
keep somebody’s spirits up (=keep them feeling happy)
He wrote home often, trying to keep his family’s spirits up.
dampen somebody’s spirits (=make them feel less happy)
They refused to let the rain dampen their spirits.
somebody’s spirits rise/lift/soar (=they start feeling happier)
Her spirits rose as they left the ugliness of London behind.
somebody’s spirits sink (=they start feeling less happy)
His spirits sank at the prospect.
Examples from the Corpus
spirit• I am sure that, given the great community spirit here, the fund-raisers will not give up.• My grandparents used to wear charms to protect themselves against evil spirits.• Firecrackers are lit to scare off evil spirits.• She never once thought of giving up. Everyone admired her fighting spirit.• This boisterous welcome restored the princess's good spirits.• The hours of interrogations and beatings were designed to break his spirit.• Then under the indifferent sky his spirit left the body with its ripped flesh, infections, its weak and damaged nature.• Indeed, the key question is whether the organization serves or squashes the human spirit.• All Annamese peasants - and that's about eighty percent of the population worship invisible spirits.• On the other hand, any name can work if you have the right spirit.• The crew enjoy working together and have developed an excellent team spirit.• Excellent schools and classrooms are clearly distinguishable by the spirit of community that pervades all they do.• Burning the bodies is supposed to convince the spirits of the dead to go to the next world.• They are usually distilled from barley malt cured with peat, giving the spirit a smoky flavour.• Again, the quality of the spirit finally collected depends upon the knowledge skill and experience of the stillman.• In Japan people believe that the spirits of the dead return to visit the earth every summer during the Obon festival.• Gere's actions may not actually be illegal, but they have violated the spirit of the law.• The fact that they reached the semi-final is a reflection of their spirit and commitment.
independent/proud/free etc spirit• October 20 A free spirit, captured in his own words Jeanson par Jeanson by Rene• A free spirit has been and gone.• There is no point booking a package holiday - this contains the essentially free spirit of the tack traveller.• He could not remember having ever been in the company of such an exuberantly free spirit.• It was a celebration of freedom, free spirits and free enterprise.• Now, the 7-year-old Pescadero, Calif., girl is taking her independent spirit to the sky.• These free spirits were on average ten to fifteen years my senior and old hands in high finance.
evil spirit• Blake was skeptical, wondering if it were really an evil spirit.• Ancient evil spirits went by a new name.• Two green glazed lions guarded the gates to keep evil spirits at bay.• On Wassail night, evil spirits are banished from the orchards and offerings ensure next year's apple crop.• The villagers then shoot guns into the branches to ward off evil spirits.• Garlands of turmeric and garlic are worn to ward off evil spirits.• It was commonly believed that some evil spirits lost their strength in daylight.• The evil spirits ascended from her mouth as a flock of blackbirds.
broke ... spirit• They took away his freedom, they broke his spirit, and they ruined his health.
spirit of• We need a new spirit of cooperation to solve the problems in this neighborhood.• The cookbook invokes the spirit of Sicily and southern Italy.• There is a true spirit of hope among the people.
the spirit of the age/times• A stance which was appropriate for the Age of Brezhnev and Galtieri now seems out of date and out of touch with the spirit of the times.• It goes against the spirit of the age to admit this.• D., and the spirit of the age has changed.• He embodies the spirit of the age.• You should do your best to sink yourself in the spirit of the age.• Good art should represent the spirit of the times.• Clearly the appeal of the Virgo archetype belonged to the spirit of the age.• The suggested move towards a centrally-determined curriculum, however, was still out of keeping with the spirit of the times.• Tax-dodging is in line, it seems, with the spirit of the times.
the spirit of the law• By sticking to the letter of the law, the spirit of the law may be lost.• This is certainly against the spirit of the law.• Mostly they turned out to be thinly disguised candidate ads, a violation of the spirit of the law at best.• This is a joyful response to the spirit of the law, as we see its deeper meaning and wider application.• To send a refugee to a country that he had not even heard of is to violate the spirit of the law.
spirit2 verb  
1 spirit somebody/something away/off phrasal verbphr v written DISAPPEARto take someone or something away quickly and secretly 秘密地把…迅速带走
 After his speech, Jackson was spirited away through a back door.
杰克逊一演讲完就被偷偷地从后门接走了。
Examples from the Corpus
spirit away/off• Instead, a Cretan pirate must have spirited her away.• When you die you simply leave your worn-out body behind, and your spirit takes off.• I thought you'd spirited Pete off somewhere.• He would spirit me away, to a home on the Mainland complete with plush carpet and a cocker spaniel pup.
Examples from the Corpus
spirit• She had been spirited away by the Poison Dwarf.• She might find herself not being carried down to London but spirited away to distant unknown suburbs such as Hendon and Colindale.
Spiritn  
n1.a US spacecraft that landed on Mars in 2004. It moved around the surface of Mars to find signs of water, take samples of soil, and take photographs.
Origin spirit1
(1200-1300) Anglo-French Latin spiritus “breath, spirit”
spir·it1 noun
→10-16

→n COLLOCATIONS1spirit2 verbSpiritn
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