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BNC: 1992 COCA: 1734

root

Word family 
Related topics: Plants, Grammar, Numbers, Biology, Maths
root1 /ruːt/ ●●● S2 W2 noun [countableC]   → route
1  plant 植物HBP the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water from the soil 根
 tree roots
树根
 These plants produce a number of thin roots.
这些植物会长出一些细根。
→ root crop, root vegetable →4  See picture of 见图 TREE →5 see picture at 见图 tree
2  cause of a problem 问题的起因CAUSE the main cause of a problem 〔问题的〕根源，起因
be/lie at the root of something (=be the cause of something) 是某事物的根本原因
 Allergies are at the root of a lot of health problems.
过敏是许多健康问题的根源。
 The love of money is the root of all evil.
贪财是万恶之源。
 A competent mechanic should be able to get to the root of the problem (=find out the cause of a problem).
称职的机械师应该能够找到问题的根源。
 the root causes of crime
犯罪的根本原因
3  origin/main part 起源/主要部分COME FROM/ORIGINATE the origin or main part of something such as a custom, law, activity etc, from which other things have developed 起源；基础；根本
root in
 a legal system with roots in English common law
基于英国普通法的司法制度
 Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.
爵士乐起源于美国南部诸州的民歌。
be/lie at the root of something 是某事物的根本原因
 the liberal economic policies which lie at the root of American power
成为美国国力基础的自由经济政策
4  FAMILY CONNECTION 家族联系somebody’s roots COME FROM/ORIGINATEyour relation to a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there 某人的根〔指与出生地、家乡的联系〕
 immigrants keeping in touch with their cultural roots
和自己的文化根脉一直保持着联系的移民
 Alex Haley’s story about his search for his roots became a bestseller.
亚历克斯·哈利写的关于他寻根的故事成了畅销书。
5  put down roots LIVE SOMEWHEREif you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that a place is your home and to have relationships with the people there 扎下根
 Because of her husband’s job, they’d moved too often to put down roots anywhere.
因为丈夫工作的关系，他们经常搬家，难以在一个地方扎下根来。
Examples from the Corpus
put down roots• For Ada, putting down roots opens a new life of discipline and learning.• It puts down roots 10 feet deep, easily withstanding drought and even frequent fires.• However, now that they had family responsibilities and were beginning to put down roots, they returned to their former church-going.• I was going to put down roots, achieve something, give meaning to my existence.• She's had 8 quarters, so it's hard to put down roots.• Meanwhile, people who might want to put down roots in the community are finding it prohibitively expensive.• What better way to put down roots, and what more suitable time than in the spring?• In their place, developers are building upscale subdivisions that tend to cater to newcomers less willing to put down roots.• Just as I was putting down roots, our family had to move up north.
6  tooth/hair etc 牙齿/头发等HBH the part of a tooth, hair etc that connects it to the rest of your body 〔牙齿、头发等的〕根部
 She’d pulled some of Kelly’s hair out by the roots.
她连根拔下了凯利的几根头发。
7  take root 
a) START something/MAKE something STARTif an idea, method, activity etc takes root, people begin to accept or believe it, or it begins to have an effect 〔观点、方法、活动等〕扎根；深入人心；开始见效
 Economists believe that economic recovery will begin to take root next year.
经济学家相信明年经济将开始复苏。
b) HBPif a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it 〔植物〕生根
Examples from the Corpus
take root• From the day that Michael Codron became interested in producing the show, I felt the cutting take root.• I was being pressed into the earth, taking root at last.• Betty Caplan on the blossoming of an experimental theatre group Magdalena takes root.• This plant propagates as speedily in deep water as in a marshy habitat, the thin rhizomes taking root quickly.• These spores take root in the Night Goblin's flesh and gradually start to change him.• Women's professional basketball has yet to take root in this country.• Has democracy truly taken root in the hemisphere, they wonder.• But the curious thing was that the idea had somehow and much against his will taken root in his consciousness.• The formal idea of a society of Co-Workers took root gradually.
8. have a (good) root round British EnglishBrE informalLOOK FOR to search for something by moving other things around 翻找
9. language 语言 technicalSLG the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added. For example, the word ‘coldness’ is formed from the root ‘cold’ and the suffix ‘ness’. 词根 → stem
10  mathematics 数学 technicalHMN a number that, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have 根
 2 is the fourth root of 16.
2是16的4次方根。
11  root and branch GET RID OFif you destroy or change something root and branch, you get rid of it or change it completely and permanently because it is bad 彻底地，永久地〔消除或改变不良事物〕
 a root and branch reform of the electoral system
对选举制度的彻底改革
Examples from the Corpus
root and branch• I give my hon. Friend the absolute assurance that the Government will continue to oppose it root and branch.• A better solution is to prune roots and branches.• The roots and branches of the Suez war require an arboretum of their own.• This root and branch reform of personal taxation has many attractions for those on the left.• But Staggs's Gardens had been cut up root and branch.
→ cube root, square root, grass roots
Examples from the Corpus
root• They usually have well developed roots and fragile stems with which to resist the pressure of the current.• But its roots go back decades.• I doubt whether you can have deep London roots, or Birmingham, or even Stoke-on-Trent roots.• The long roots of Water Lettuce provide shelter for fish and fry.• The dozen rich families have intermarried so many times that family trees are tangles of roots.• The word bond comes from the same root as bind, for the corporation binds it-self to make the specified payments.• The love of money is said to be the root of all evil.• Cover the roots with plenty of soil.• Low taxation of the rich is the root of the economic problems in this country.• Truffles are parasites that grow on the roots of trees.• We need to get to the root of the problem.• The roots of the wars in the Balkans go back hundreds of years.
root causes• But Didion is interested in root causes, not in immediate provocations.• Like retrenching, the technique of restricting behavior betrays a peculiar logic about performance and its root causes.• The main inhibitors to progress, and the root causes of fear, can include: Unrealistic personal goals and expectations.• What are the root causes? 4.• The charity used the occasion to call for fresh action to tackle the root causes of world poverty.• Health promotion - keeping people healthy, and treating the root causes of ill health.• Some have their root causes in subjective factors, others in objective factors and others still are a mixture.• While standard educational practices are not in themselves root causes of work inhibition, these practices usually exacerbate the problem.
be/lie at the root of something• As we shall find, this distinction lies at the root of Anselm's movements in his last years as archbishop.• It is our illusion of separateness which lies at the root of our fears.• Several other causes, according to their findings, often lie at the root of violence against tenants.• We found that two key resource uses and two basic technologies lay at the root of lunar industry.• That view lies at the root of a government drive against the racist right.• Consent, which lies at the root of self-determination, should be the conceptual mechanism whereby the right is guaranteed and safeguarded.• They overlook the human ability to negate, which lies at the root of thinking.• Biblical writings, which lie at the root of Western culture, make numerous mention of portents in the heavens.
Related topics: Plants
root2 verb  
1  plant 植物
a) [intransitiveI]HBP to grow roots 生根
 New shrubs will root easily in summer.
新灌木在夏季容易生根。
b) [transitiveT] if a plant is rooted somewhere, it is held in the ground firmly by its roots 使〔植物〕牢牢扎根
 a bush firmly rooted in the hard ground
牢牢扎根于硬实土地的一丛灌木
root itself
 Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks.
一丛丛百里香在岩石中间扎了根。
n Grammar
Root is either passive or reflexive in this meaning.
2  be rooted in something COME FROM/ORIGINATEto have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it 起源于某事物
Examples from the Corpus
deeply rooted in• This feeling of rejection is often deeply rooted in our childhood.• There are a variety of reasons for this, which may be deeply rooted in our past.• Deeply rooted in peasant culture was the belief that the land should belong to whoever worked it with his own hands.• Its vigour and vitality attest to a popular piety deeply rooted in the everyday life of the local community.• But on the other hand, this respectable ideology was deeply rooted in the general experience of working-class life.• This is based on enumerative classification, which is deeply rooted in the traditions of epidemiology and vital statistics.• Young Bruce My background couldn't really have been more deeply rooted in the whims and cultures of tight-knit Devon and Cornwall.
3  search 寻找 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]LOOK FOR to search for something by moving things around 翻找 SYN rummage
4  pigs 猪 [intransitiveI usually + adverbadv/prepositionprep] if a pig roots somewhere, it looks for food under the ground 拱土觅食
5  rooted to the spot/floor/ground etc NOT MOVINGso shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move 〔震惊、惊讶或害怕得〕呆住不动
Examples from the Corpus
rooted to the spot/floor/ground etc• For a moment, she was rooted to the spot.• He stood rooted to the spot.• So startled was he by this sudden onslaught, Ryker momentarily froze, rooted to the spot.• Unable to move, Philippa remained rooted to the spot.• For a few moments he had felt rooted to the floor and had been unable to move.• He stands still, his feet rooted to the ground, his knees locked.• Ashi found herself rooted to the spot in disbelief as she watched the threshing legs of her daughter.
6 root for somebody phrasal verbphr v informal 
7 root something ↔ out phrasal verbphr v 
Examples from the Corpus
root out• It might be impossible to root them out.• It was time, as a city documentary of the period declared, to root the cancer out.• Many gardeners find it hard to rip out a perennial flower that has taken root.• This is to stop the roots drying out.• It would have taken a battalion to root the fanatics out, and the casualties would have been horrendous.• There are those who root for teams out of sheer love of sport, and those who play just for fun.• Where the roots stick out the bank gives way to a hollow where the buffaloes are tethered during the day.• Comb from tip to root, working out the knots at the end before moving up the hair.
8.root something ↔ up phrasal verbphr v DLGto dig or pull a plant up with its roots 将〔植物〕连根挖起[拔起]
Examples from the Corpus
root up• Eventually the roots will give up.• The bigger the difference in shade between your own natural colouring and the new, the more your roots will show up.• He pointed to a fresh cut on a scrawny root sticking up through the dust.
Examples from the Corpus
root• To begin with, though, it is the narrator, Austin, in whom our sympathies are rooted.• To prevent birds pulling them up, net the rows until they root and cut off any wispy tips.• He roots around in a deep drawer and comes out with a bright, brand-new-looking leather strap.• Saguaros in bloom, the glare of a horned owl and javelinas rooting for a bite to eat.• The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily.• A prime source of violence resides in the elitist educational strategies that are firmly rooted in the school ethos.• A crest of wavy, blond hair was loosely rooted on a magisterial forehead.• These include massacres and dislocation of civilians in the name of rooting out supposed guerrilla sympathizers.
root itself• Thus, the root itself is at depth 0.
root through/in/amongst something (for something)• His virtue was as much rooted in superstition as in goodness.• My love of nature, of life and of my country took root in these simple but spiritual beginnings.• Realism directed its challenge to the attempt to construct an autonomous science of law which was rooted in legal positivism.• Such abuses produced a deregulatory movement that took root in the Carter administration and flourished under Ronald Reagan.• The ban on giving the imagination and the mind free play is rooted in the fear of excessive individuality.• The Dundee disease has its roots in a virus called money.• The twelfth-century papacy was rooted in a distant and revered past.
Origin root1
(1100-1200) Old Norse rot
 root2
1. (1200-1300) → ROOT1
2. Old English wrotan. root for (1800-1900) Perhaps from rout (of cattle) “to make a loud sound” ((14-19 centuries)), from Old Norse rauta
root1 nounroot2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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