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- alive and kicking 21
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- semi-final 55
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demand
Word family
de·mand1 /dɪˈmɑːnd $ dɪˈmænd/ ●●● S2 W1 noun
1 [singular, uncountableU]PE the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services 需要，需求 → supply and demand
2 [countableC]ASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO something a very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get 要求
3 demands [plural]DIFFICULT the difficult, annoying, or tiring things that you need to do, or a skill you need to have 要求〔指需要做的困难事情或需要掌握的技能〕
demands on
place/put demands on/upon somebody/something
Examples from the Corpus
demand of• These conflicting demands of the two principles are something of which people are consciously aware.• It would be unfair to make too many demands of the statements I have quoted.• The four claim the current administration has not responded adequately to the fast-moving demands of a modern-day sport.• Apparently, the flight attendant was too busy to respond immediately to the finger-snapping demands of the princess for more drinks.• Cultivation: It does not make specific demands of the growing medium, and will even grow on just fine gravel.• Teachers have always been constrained by the demands of examinations and the expectations of parents.• Often such schemes unashamedly make vast concessions to the demands of the modern pub customer.
4 popular demand POPULARwhen a lot of people have asked for something to be done, performed etc 普遍要求，公众要求
by/due to popular demand (=because of popular demand) 由于普遍要求
Examples from the Corpus
popular demand• Both men created through their activities a popular demand for access to the very wilderness they sought to protect.• It was a thing that was created by popular demand.• As in many other countries, popular demands for the introduction of multiparty democracy grew in the first half of 1990.• But there is no popular demand, and no need, to overturn our institutions in a fit of impatience.• The formative years of many of the elderly who were surveyed was a ti-me of popular demand for greater equality.• And now, due to popular demand, we can announce the arrival of the Megadisk!• Due to popular demand, levels one to three of the original Fast Forward have been split, producing six short intensive courses.• Sir Peter was scheduled to sign for one hour, but gave way to popular demand and stayed for three.
5 on demand formalASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO something whenever someone asks 一经要求
Examples from the Corpus
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + demand
high (=a lot of people want something) 需求大的
Demand for housing is higher than ever.
住房需求比以往任何时候都要大。
low (=not many people want something) 需求小的
Recently the demand for new cars has been relatively low.
近来,新车需求相对较少。
a big demand 大的需求
There’s always a big demand for photographs of celebrities.
对于名人照片的需求一直很大。
a great/huge demand (=very big) 巨大的需求
There is a huge demand for business software and services.
商业软件和服务的需求量巨大。
increased/increasing/growing demand 增长的/正在增长的/正在增加的需求
One of the problems is the growing demand for housing.
问题之一是日益增长的住房需求。
falling demand (=decreasing) 减少的需求
the falling demand for coal
煤炭需求量的减少
consumer demand (=the desire of consumers to buy goods) 消费需求
verbsConsumer demand for new technology is strong.
新技术的消费需求旺盛。
meet/satisfy demand (=supply as much as people need or want) 满足需求
There are reports that the company cannot produce enough to meet demand.
有报道称,该公司的产量无法满足需求。
keep up with demand (also keep pace with demand) (=satisfy the demand) 跟上需求
Public funding for higher education has not kept up with demand.
用于高等教育的公共资金没有跟上需求。
cope with demand (=satisfy demand) 满足需求
The existing services were not capable of coping with the demand for advice.
现有的服务不能满足咨询需求。
increase/boost demand 提升/推动需求
A very hard winter boosted the demand for natural gas.
严冬推动了对天然气的需求。
reduce demand 降低需求
Higher interest rates reduce the demand for credit.
利率上调降低了信贷需求。
demand rises/increases 需求上升/增加
Demand for energy has continued to rise.
能源需求持续上升。
demand falls (=becomes lower) 需求下降
phrasesDemand for the products has fallen in the last six months.
在过去的六个月中,这些产品的需求下降了。
be much in demand (also be in great demand) (=be wanted by a lot of people) 需求量很大
Fuel-efficient cars are now much in demand.
时下低油耗汽车需求量很大。
supply outstrips/exceeds demand (=more is available than people need or want) 供过于求
In the 1980s, the supply of grain far exceeded the demand.
20世纪80年代,粮食的供应远远超过需求。
a lack of demand 需求不足
Many factories closed through lack of demand.
因需求不足,许多工厂关闭了。
a surge in demand (=a sudden increase) 需求激增
There’s often a surge in demand for the Internet at the weekend.
周末时,对于因特网的需求常常会激增。
Examples from the Corpus
demand• A demand from your boss that you babysit his children is clearly unreasonable.• Some working moms worry about the conflicting demands of home and job.• In short, there is a I 5,000-bushel shortage of or excess demand for, corn.• Kallay returned to his original demands for the release of comrades from prison, and the resignation of the Sierra Leone government.• The government has refused the rebels' demand to release their leader from prison.• The union's demand for an 8% across-the-board increase is still under consideration.• The kidnappers made several demands in their telephone call to police.• A list of the students' demands was presented to the dean of the law school.• This growth is necessary to mitigate the supply / demand imbalance and for the continued economic health of the region.• The desire is great because the demands for knowing in life are so great.• Recessions often start because the demand for credit falls.• Though land is theoretically very expensive there, the recession has cut the demand.• It follows that their demand for bank deposits is also growing at twice the rate of growth of nominal income.• With demand for short and medium term paper picking up, most issues registered gains of up to £3/4.
demand for• Glover faced a demand for his resignation.• There isn't much demand for leaded gasoline anymore.
demand that• His indignation frequently boiled over to a point where he thought and demanded that a libel writ should be issued.• Prestige, if nothing else, demanded that it be entered into with due pomp and circumstance.• The work of individuation, however, demands that one should not be compulsively affected in this way.• But Eliades is demanding that pot, plus Lewis' fight fee of around £5m, is frozen by a court judge.• For their part, opposition leaders demanded that Mr Fujimori step down immediately in favour of a transition government.• Administrators finally bowed to demands that the university be renamed.• Giving up his five wives and dozen concubines, Vladimir demanded that all his subjects in Kiev become baptized.• We demanded that every student who took part in the protest be granted amnesty.• The polyester products maker attributed the forecast to weak world-wide demand that has lowered production volumes and increased manufacturing costs.
demand2 ●●● W2 verb [transitiveT]
1 INSISTto ask for something very firmly, especially because you think you have a right to do this 〔坚决〕要求〔尤因认为有权这么做〕
demand that
demand something of somebody
5Don’t say demand for something. Say demand something: I demand my money back! (NOT I demand for my money back!)
► see thesaurus at ask, insist不要说 demand for something. 而要说 demand something: I demand my money back! (不说 I demand for my money back!) 我要求退款！
2 NEEDif one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully 需要
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with demand
You demand something:
I demand an explanation!
You demand to do something:
She demanded to see the manager.
In everyday English, you demand that someone does something:
I demand that he apologizes.
In formal English, you demand that someone do something, using the base form of the verb (=the infinitive without ‘to’):
His opponents are demanding that he resign.
✗Don’t say: demand someone to do somethingYou use the base form of the verb when talking about the past:
They demanded that he resign.
In everyday English, people also say: They demanded that he resigned.
You demand that someone should do something:
His opponents demanded that he should resign.
This pattern is often used in the past, when reporting what someone has demanded.Examples from the Corpus
demand• The evidence demanded a long time for Earth processes to have had any effect in carving mountains and accumulating sediment.• Stopped controversially in their first battle, Razor demanded a second go at Tyson.• The chief demanded a thorough investigation into the murder.• Both exchange and mutuality however, demand additional discipline for success.• How dare you say that! I demand an apology.• The laboratory was surrounded by protesters demanding an end to the animal experiments.• I demand an explanation for your appalling behaviour.• I caught Alice going through my letters and demanded an immediate explanation.• "Did you do this?" Kathryn demanded angrily.• Waster and the beggars scorned poor food and demanded better, fine bread instead of that with beans in it and well-cooked meat.• Parents are demanding greater control over their children's education.• The baby demands most of Cindy's time.• The receivers are informed that they are not allowed to ask questions nor to demand repeats of words or phrases.• One of the men brandished a jagged-edge Bowie knife and demanded that 25-year-old Julie handed over her handbag containing £95.• Realizing that her husband had deceived her, she demanded that he tell her the whole truth.• State health inspectors have demanded that the city act immediately to clean the water supply.• You should demand that they finish the job now, not some time in August.• Just go to the dry cleaners, show them the dress, and demand that they pay for the damage.• The President demanded the release of the hostages.• Daley demanded to know why the police had not been called in to stop the rioting.• The guards demanded to see her I.D. before they allowed her in the building.• The police officer made Neil get out of the car and demanded to see his driver's licence.
demand to know/see/have etc something• Even before Urquhart could demand to know what on earth he thought he was doing, the babbling commenced.• He kept demanding to know how it got there.• Lifting the phone from the desk, he demanded to know what was going on.• Once in a while she sent food back to the kitchen and demanded to see the cook.• One day Mulholland was approached by a man in a carriage who demanded to know his name and what he was doing.• Paxon specifically demanded to know whether Rep.• She saw an empty space on the walls and demanded to know where the picture was.• The sheriff demanded to know how the solicitor had got hold of a confidential social inquiry report.
demanded ... attention• But other things have demanded her attention.• Far and Middle Eastern issues similarly demanded attention.• Her face kept swimming forward, her eyes demanded attention.• It was true that a major problem had just cropped up which demanded immediate attention.• Some of the men demanded as much attention.• Too many things demanded his attention at the same rime.• They demanded attention, more photography, and the remainder of the party drew further away.• They demanded attention which it was not humanly possible to give.
From Longman Business Dictionary
demandde·mand /dɪˈmɑːnddɪˈmænd/ noun [uncountableU]ECONOMICS
1the amount of spending on goods and services by companies and people in a particular economy
Demand in the US economy generated 23 million new jobs during the 1990s.
2the total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies buy in a particular period of time
demand for
Lower interest rates did nothing to increase demand for loans to buy houses.
There was a very strong demand for jeans and T-shirts over the last month.
Chrysler said its Jeep plant won’t operate next week because of weak demand.
3the total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies would buy if they were available
Power companies have been forced to reduce voltage when demand exceeded available supplies during extreme cold or hot spells.
Demand for phone service in Thailand far outstrips the supply with back orders totaling about one million.
4law of demand the idea that the more something costs, the less demand for it there is
→ aggregate demand → consumer demand → cyclical demand → derived demand → domestic demand → elastic demand → excess demand → global demand → inelastic demand → institutional demand → market demand → primary demand → selective demand → see also elasticity of demand, on demand(1300-1400) Old French demander, from Latin mandare “to order”
de·mand1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1demand2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
noun¹
noun²
noun³
verb
demand verb
⇨ demand (demand an answer) ⇨ ask 1 (‘Where were you?’ he demanded.) demand noun
⇨ demand (demand for a product) ⇨ pressure 1 (the demands of work) ⇨ request (a demand for higher pay) ⇨ in demand ⇨ popular adj. demand demand ♦︎ market ♦︎ a run on sth ♦︎ (no) call for sth These are all words for the number of people who want to buy goods or services. 这些词均表示顾客对货物或服务的需求。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ demand / a market / (no) call for sth ◆ (a) big / buoyant / huge / growing / steady / changing / current / potential / total / falling demand / market ◆ (the) consumer / domestic / local / export / foreign / worldwide demand / market ◆ to create demand / a market ◆ to stimulate / boost / increase demand / the market ■ demand [uncountable , singular ] (especially business 尤用于商业 ) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顾客对货物或服务的）需求 ◆ We are struggling to meet the demand for the product.我们正努力满足对该产品的需求。 ◆ Demand is exceeding supply.供不应求。 ◆ There's an increased demand for organic produce these days.现在人们对有机农产品有更大的需求。 ■ market [singular ] (business 商业 ) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顾客对货物或服务的）需求；市场 ◆ The second-hand car market is declining.二手汽车市场正在萎缩。 ◆ There's not much of a market for black and white televisions nowadays.黑白电视机现在没多少市场了。 market ⇨ market 1 NOTE 辨析 These words have the same basic meaning, but demand is a more general term, and market is a more specialist business term. 这两个词基本含义相同，但demand含义更广，market是较专业的商业用语。 They have different grammar and collocation patterns: people talk about the housing/labour market and different product markets , but demand for housing/labour/a product . You can create demand/a market , but you meet/satisfy/increase demand and supply/expand the market . You influence/forecast demand but find/identify a market . People talk about a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand but a slump/recovery in the market . 两者各有不同的语法和搭配模式，可以说the housing/labour market和product markets，但说demand for housing/labour/a product；可以说create demand/a market，但说meet/satisfy/increase demand和supply/expand the market；可以说influence/forecast demand，但说find/identify a market；可以说a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand，但说a slump/recovery in the market。 When a business has trouble producing enough goods because so many people want them, people talk about demand rather than the market . 当企业无法提供足够产品满足顾客的需求时，所用术语为demand而非market ◆ We're struggling to meet the market. ◆ The market exceeds supply. ■ a run on sth (business 商业 ) a sudden demand for sth by a lot of people 抢购；争购；需求突增 ◆ There's been a run on the dollar.人们纷纷抢兑美元。 ◆ When the new currency measures were announced there was a run on the bank (= a lot of people suddenly took their money out of the bank) .新货币措施公布后，人们争相到银行提取现金。 ⓘ Run * run常用于金融语境，但也指对任何商品的抢购，如防晒霜、汽油或红玫瑰，尤其是当某事发生，如天气变化，从而造成某种需求突增。 ■ (no) call for sth [singular ] (informal ) the desire or need of customers for goods or services （对货物或服务的）需要，需求 ◆ There isn't a lot of call for small specialist shops nowadays.如今对小型专卖店已没有多大需求了。 demand ➡ See also the entry for ask 2 另见ask条第2义 demand ♦︎ require ♦︎ expect ♦︎ insist ♦︎ press (sb) for sth ♦︎ ask ♦︎ stipulate ♦︎ clamour ♦︎ hold out for sth ♦︎ exact These words all mean to say that sb should do or have sth. 这些词均表示强烈要求做某事或得到某物。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to demand / require / expect / ask / exact sth from sb ◆ to demand / require / expect / ask sth of sb ◆ to ask / press / clamour / hold out for sth ◆ to demand / require / expect / insist / ask / stipulate that... ◆ to require / expect / ask sb to do sth ◆ to demand / require / expect / insist on high standards ◆ to demand / require / expect / ask a lot / too much / a great deal ◆ to be too much to expect / ask ■ demand [transitive ] to ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth 强烈要求（得到某物）；坚决要求（某人做某事） ◆ She demanded an immediate explanation.她强烈要求立即作出解释。 ◆ The group demands a high level of loyalty from its members.该组织要求其成员高度忠诚。 ◆ The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.联合国已要求撤出所有部队。 ◆ They demanded to see the ambassador.他们坚决要求与大使会面。 demand ⇨ request noun ■ require [transitive , often passive ] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时 ) (formal ) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards （尤指法律、规章或标准）规定做（某事），要求取得（某物） ◆ The wearing of seat belts is required by law.法律规定必须系安全带。 ◆ Several students failed to reach the required standard.有几名学生没有达到规定的标准。 ◆ 'Hamlet' is required reading (= must be read) for the class.《哈姆雷特》是这门课的必读作品。 requirement ⇨ condition ■ expect [transitive ] to demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility 要求，指望（尤因义务或责任） ◆ Are you clear about what is expected of you?你清楚大家对你的期望吗？ ◆ Don't expect too much from him.不要对他期望过高。 ◆ They expected all their children to be high achievers.他们期望自己所有的孩子都大有作为。 ◆ I expect to be paid promptly for the work.我要求即时付工钱。 ▸ expectation [countable , usually plural ] ◆ Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.有些父母对孩子有不切实际的期望。 ◆ Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations .遗憾的是这种新软件没有达到期望。 ■ insist ɪnˈsɪst [intransitive , transitive ] to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth 坚决要求；坚持 ◆ I didn't want to go but he insisted.我并不想去，可他硬要我去。 ◆ We insist on the highest standards at all times.我们始终坚持最高标准。 ◆ (spoken ) Stay and have lunch. I insist!留下来吃午饭吧，就这么定了！ ◆ 'Please come with us.' 'All right, if you insist .'“请跟我们一起来吧。”“好吧，既然你执意要我去，我就去。” ◆ The company insisted that the money be paid immediately.公司坚持要求马上付款。 ⓘ The phrasal verb insist on/upon sth also means 'to demand sth and refuse to be persuaded to accept anything else'. 短语动词insist on/upon sth也表示“坚持要求⋯” ◆ We insisted on a refund of the full amount.我们坚持要求全额退款。 ▸ insistence [uncountable ] ◆ their insistence on strict standards of behaviour他们对行为坚持要求严格标准 ◆ At her insistence , the matter was dropped.在她的坚持下，这件事被搁置了。 ■ ˈpress for sth ■ ˈpress sb for sth to keep asking for sth in a determined way 不断催促；强烈要求 ◆ They are pressing for a change in the law.他们正促请修改法律。 ◆ The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.银行在催我们还贷。 press ⇨ press 2 ■ ask [transitive ] to expect or demand sth 期望；要求 ◆ I know I'm asking a great deal.我知道我的要求很高。 ◆ You're asking too much of him.你对他要求得过分了。 ◆ It's asking a lot to expect them to win again.期望他们再次获胜未免要求太高了。 NOTE 辨析 Ask is not as strong as demand or expect , both of which can be more like a command. * ask不如demand和expect语气强烈，后两个词更像命令。 ■ stipulate [transitive ] (formal ) to state firmly and clearly that sth must be done, or how it must be done 明确要求；规定 ◆ A delivery date is stipulated in the contract.合同中规定了交货日期。 ◆ The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant must have teaching experience.招聘广告明确要求申请人必须有教学经验。 ■ clamour (BrE (NAmE clamor ˈklæmə(r) [intransitive ] (formal , written ) to demand sth loudly 大声要求；吵闹着要求 ◆ People began to clamour for his resignation.人们开始大声疾呼要求他辞职。 ◆ Everyone was clamouring to know how much they would get.每个人都吵闹着想知道自己能得到多少。 ■ ˌhold ˈout for sth (held , held [no passive ] to refuse to accept less than what you are asking for, especially when this causes a delay in reaching an agreement 坚持得到⋯而不肯让步（尤指会拖延协议的达成） ◆ They are holding out for a 10% raise.他们非要加薪10%不可。 ■ exact [transitive ] (formal ) to demand and get sth from sb 要求；索取 ◆ She was determined to exact a promise from him.她决意要他作出承诺。
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Requests and demands: demand, request, appeal...
Important thing or detail: feature, priority, element...
Feelings of want and desire: desire, wish, urge...
General words for numbers, amounts and quantities: accumulation, allocation, allowance...
To ask a question or questions: ask, question, demand...
To need something: need, require, cry out for...
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