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means

Word family 
Related topics: Wages
means /miːnz/ ●●○ S3 W2 noun (plural means)  
1  method 方法 [countableC]WAY/METHOD a way of doing or achieving something 手段；方法；工具
means of
 For most people, the car is still their main means of transport.
对大多数人来说汽车仍是他们主要的交通工具。
 The only means of communication was sign language.
唯一的交流方法是手语。
 The window was our only means of escape.
跳窗是我们唯一的逃生方法。
 Do you have any means of identification?
你有什么身份证明文件吗？
 art as a means of expression
作为一种表达方式的艺术
 Homework should not be used as a means of controlling children.
家庭作业不应该作为约束儿童的手段。
 I had no means of telling him I would be late.
我没有办法告诉他我会迟到。
 Brian was prepared to use any means to get what he wanted.
布赖恩准备不择手段地得到他想要的。
 They had entered the country by unlawful means.
他们通过非法途径进入了这个国家。
 the means by which performance is assessed
评估表现的手段
► see thesaurus at method
2  money 钱 [plural]BEWMONEY the money or income that you have 钱；收入
have the means to do something
 I don’t have the means to support a family.
我没有钱养家。
 Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people (=too expensive for most people).
出钱送孩子上私立学校是大多数人无力承担的。
 Try to live within your means (=only spending what you can afford).
过日子要尽可能量入为出。
 His father was a man of means (=a rich man).
他父亲很有钱。
3  by all means! spokenLET/ALLOW used to mean ‘of course’ when politely allowing someone to do something or agreeing with a suggestion 当然可以！
 ‘Can I bring Alan?’ ‘By all means!’
“我能带艾伦来吗？”“当然可以！”
4  by no means/not by any means UNCERTAINnot at all 决不，一点都不
 It is by no means certain that the game will take place.
比赛是否会举行完全不能确定。
 She’s not a bad kid, by any means.
她不是个坏孩子，绝对不是。
Examples from the Corpus
by no means/not by any means• It's difficult, but by no means impossible.• It's not clear by any means where the money is going to come from to fund this project.• It is by no means certain that you'll get your money back.
5  by means of something WAY/METHOD formal using a particular method or system 借助某事物，以某种方法
 The blocks are raised by means of pulleys.
那些大块物件是用滑轮吊起来的。
Examples from the Corpus
by means of something• Word of the Barrio barred owl spread among birders by means of an efficient and long established telephone grapevine.• Let us briefly consider how you might analyze this claim by means of the scientific method.• Initially this will be done by means of markers or cones and we will explain the new arrangements to the children.• Or gas before he backed himself into a corner and tried to escape by means of the faro table.• Maximilian was killed by means of a carbonic acid injection.• Other ethnographic techniques Ethnographic research is not carried out only by means of participant observation and unstructured interviewing.• Funds for economic development were provided by means of sterling bond issues in the London capital market.• Critics were silenced by means of torture and unfair trials.
6  a means to an end RESULTsomething that you do only to achieve a result, not because you want to do it or because it is important 达到目的的手段
 For Geoff, the job was simply a means to an end.
对杰夫来说，那份工作仅仅是达到目的的手段而已。
Examples from the Corpus
a means to an end• Technology is not a magic wand, but only a means to an end.• Admittedly, policy is important: but it is only a means to an end.• All in all, everything I did was a means to an end -- my own.• Don't think of computers as a daunting modern technology; they're only a means to an end.• Protection is vital: but as a means to an end, not as an end in itself.• Showbiz was a means to an end.• The separation into sequential categories of response is merely a means to an end.• The young man was merely a means to an end and, in both cases, that end had now been served.• These should be viewed as a means to an end, rather than as ends in themselves.
7. the means of production TIPEthe material, tools, and equipment that are used in the production of goods 生产资料
Examples from the Corpus
the means of production• It would be foolish to nationalize all the means of production.• The dominant class, the capitalists, own and control the means of production and thereby exploit the subordinate working class.• The power of the ruling class therefore stems from its ownership and control of the means of production.• Finally, the owner-worker cleavage involves questions of labour exploitation and control over the means of production.• The bourgeoisie class own the means of production, the proletariat do not.• Since managers are in control, they effectively own the means of production.• But it did not own the means of production.• A class in itself is simply a social group whose members share the same relationship to the means of production.• Classes did not exist since all members of society shared the same relationship to the means of production.
→ ways and means at way1(1)
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
an effective/efficient means
Speed bumps are an effective means of stopping cars from going too fast.
a useful means
Local radio is a useful means of advertising.
the only means
Then, horses and carts were the only means of transport available.
the best means
Is this really the best means of achieving our goal?
an important means
Surveys are an important means of gathering information.
lawful/legal means
Their protests will continue, but only by legal means.
unlawful/illegal means
He was accused of attempting to overthrow the government using unlawful means.
unfair means
Anyone trying to use unfair means in an examination will be reported to the University.
phrases
a means of transport British EnglishBrE, a means of transportation American EnglishAmE (=a way of travelling, for example using a car, bus, bicycle etc)
The tram is an efficient means of transport.
a means of communication (=a way of talking to someone, for example by phone, writing etc)
Newspapers are still an important means of communication.
a means of expression (=a way of expressing your feelings or opinions)
Music and art are important means of expression.
a means of identification (=an official document that shows who you are)
Do you have any means of identification?
the means of production (=factories and equipment used for producing goods – used especially in Marxism)
the class of people which owns the means of production
the end justifies the means (=the result you achieve is more important than the way you do it)
It’s too bad if people get hurt - the end justifies the means.
a means to an end (=something you do only to achieve a result, not because you want to do it or because it is important)
Many of the students saw the course as a means to an end: a way of getting a good job.
(whether) by fair means or foul (=using unfair methods if necessary)
They were determined to achieve victory, by fair means or foul.
verbs
have no/any/some means of doing something
There was no path, and they had no means of knowing where they were.
use any/every means to do something (=use any method or many methods)
He will use any means to get what he wants.
Examples from the Corpus
means• The operation of rental and freehold land markets is compared to inheritance as a means of access to land.• You should not regard the course simply as a means to an end.• The lord lieutenancy was originally devised by the Tudors as a means of internal security.• If a customer inquires about a better interest rate or a tax deferral plan, by all means make a referral.• He came to power by means of a military coup in 1960.• Education and training are the most effective means of improving the nation's economy.• She was required to pay a $500 fee, which appeared to be within her means.• E-mail has become an increasingly important means of business communication.• Many tropical countries welcome people of independent means as long-term residents.• The Council is introducing means tests for housing tenants.• The best choice for elderly people with limited means is index-linked certificates.• A university professor who used his modest means to collect over 300 valuable artworks has donated them to the National Gallery.• I think private schooling would be well beyond our means.• We aim to use peaceful means to bring about change.• He's given up his lecturing job, but he does have private means.• One of the simplest means is to buy a tally counter.• He had the means to pay, but he refused on principle.• The judge ruled that Smith had been elected by unlawful means.
by unlawful means• The other forms of the tort require interference by unlawful means.
man of means• He is clearly a man of means, Holmes: not only is the suit expensive, but the shoes also.• On such journeys men of means and their families wanted for nothing.
From Longman Business Dictionary
meansmeans /miːnz/ noun [plural]
the money and resources that a person or organization has available
means to do something
Large corporations have the means to pay large fines without suffering hardship.
The group has limited means.
young families and people of modest means
Improving the lot of the poor was beyond the city’s financial means.
→ independent means
means noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

See also: mean

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