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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 343 COCA: 391

process

Word family 
Related topics: Industry
pro·cess1 /ˈprəʊses $ ˈprɑː-/ ●●● S1 W1 AWL noun [countableC]  
1  ORDER/SEQUENCEa series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result 〔为达到某目标的〕过程，进程
 the Israeli–Egyptian peace process
以－埃和平进程
 Repetition can help the learning process.
重复对学习过程会有帮助。
process of
 the process of economic change
经济改革的进程
slow/lengthy/laborious etc process
 Getting fit again has been a long slow process.
恢复健康是个漫长的过程。
 the mental processes involved in decision-making
决策中包含的思维过程
2  ORDER/SEQUENCEa series of things that happen naturally and result in gradual change 〔自然〕变化过程
process of
 the natural process of evolution
自然进化的过程
 Coal forms by a slow process of chemical change.
煤是由缓慢的化学变化形成的。
 the digestive process
消化过程
3  be in the process of (doing) something DEAL WITHto have started doing something and not yet be finished 在（做）某事的过程中，在进行…中
 The company is in the process of moving to new offices.
该公司正搬往新的办公室。
Examples from the Corpus
be in the process of (doing) something• Thames Water Authority are in the process of carrying out a general refurbishment programme at the plant.• Sadly, Attia Hosain died while this book was in the process of being put together.• The chain was in the process of curling round as if to join and form a circle.• The Committee is in the process of finalizing its first draft.• The gluten is in the process of setting and the crust is deceptively crisp, hiding the immature bread within.• He is in the process of changing his swing and said his old method had started to show up a little too much.• Some 300 native applications are said to be in the process of moving to Solaris x86.• Many who are in the process of acquiring these technical skills may wish to try their hand at grantsmanship.
4  be in process if something is in process, it is happening now 〔某事〕正在进行
 There was an armed revolt in process.
一场武装叛乱正在进行。
Examples from the Corpus
be in process• Nevada City is in process of changing from old to new.• While the Meredith crisis was in process, liberals and conservatives in Congress sparred over the legality of federal intervention in Oxford.• His aim in the east was obliteration to create a tabularasa for the new order which was in process of realization.
5  in the process DOHAPPENwhile you are doing something or something is happening 同时，在…过程中
 I spilt the coffee, burning myself in the process.
我把咖啡洒出来，烫到了自己。
Examples from the Corpus
in the process• But there are some things that others have done that are useful to think about in the process.• This will help distinguish your message from others, and in the process will interest the reader.• The Warriors won, but almost gave their coach a heart attack in the process.• All of these fungi are, of course, very important in the process of decay and recycling of nutrients to the soil.• He is in the process of changing his swing and said his old method had started to show up a little too much.• It is potential in the process of becoming.• Discussions focussed on education, training and the role of participatory radio in the process of social change.• That means attempts to nab the downright nasty might just nail a few well-heeled, flannel-shirted shoppers in the process.• We can not ignore the fact that long-held attitudes were in the process of change.
6  process of elimination a way of finding the right answer, the truth etc by gradually deciding that none of the other answers etc are possible 排除法，淘汰法〔把错误的答案一一排除以找出正确答案〕
by (a) process of elimination
 I solved the problem by a process of elimination.
我用排除法解出了那道题。
Examples from the Corpus
by (a) process of elimination• Perhaps the best way to proceed is by a process of elimination.
7  TIa method of making or producing goods 制作法，工序，工艺流程
 the car production process
汽车的生产流程
 Recycling is an industrial process.
回收利用是一个工业流程。
→ due process
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + process
slow
Collecting the data is a slow process.
long/lengthy
Try to be patient through the long process of healing.
laborious (=taking a lot of time and effort)
The copying of manuscripts was a laborious process.
complex
Getting a visa can be a complex process.
a natural process
Birth is a natural process.
a formal process
A decision will only be taken after a formal consultation process.
a mental process
Cats have different mental processes from dogs.
the learning process
The student is actively involved in the learning process.
the peace process
They are frustrated with the lack of progress in the peace process.
the decision-making process
Not all staff can participate in the decision-making process.
a selection process
An interview normally forms part of the selection process.
verbs
go through a process (also undergo a process formal) (=experience a process)
A lot of companies are going through a process of change.
The system underwent a process of simplification.
take part in a process (also participate in a process)
We encourage our clients to participate in the process at every stage.
Examples from the Corpus
process• The bipolar adversary process often involves paying little attention to these wider interests.• the aging process• an advanced industrial process• One process improvement technique, for example, failed to sustain interest.• Clinton even turned snafus in the Northern Ireland peace process into potential political advantage.• the human reproductive process• He has taken out patents for the process and for the chips.• The process of applying to a college is often very time-consuming.• The debate will continue over whether this process involves gain or loss.• But it is, in a sense, a one-way process.
mental processes• Asperger adults are tailed by shop security guards, though their inflexible mental processes make it unthinkable they would break the law.• Also, Piaget did infer the existence of internal mental processes.• Short of this position, one must admit the possibility of non-introspectible mental processes.• But the truth was that my mental processes were frightfully complicated, tenaciously mixed.• They have shown that mental processes can be correlated with specific neural changes.• One is a primary teacher who was interested in the mental processes of children tackling simple addition.• Summary Neural networks are rough models of the mental processes their name implies.• William James viewed mental processes as a stream, or river.
slow process• This is a slow process normally taking an hour per unit of alcohol.• Even 20 or 30 years ago, finding the fish was a slow process.• A slow process of rapprochement therefore began in the autumn of 1943.• It is important to remember, though, that medical research is an agonizingly slow process.• Background activities generally involve slower processes.• To the extent that proletarianization is occurring, it may be a long, slow process.• The slowest processes come at the top of the hierarchy, and provide the environment for faster processes.• During this slow process, what was happening in the South?
production process• Modern production processes are complex and costly.• A project to develop a new production process requires a similar selective use of the concept.• The intent of the project is to identify those parameters which most affect the production process.• Inspection is another important activity in the production process.• Each stage in the production process thus pays tax on the value it has added; hence the tax's name.• The decision to stop the line is with the employee, as is the decision to review the production process.• The production process typically has several stages.• Upper level managers need no longer be geographically close to production processes.
Related topics: Nutrition, Computers, Photography
process2 ●●○ AWL verb [transitiveT]  
1  DFNto make food, materials, or goods ready to be used or sold, for example by preserving or improving them in some way 加工〔食品或其他物质〕
 Goats’ cheese may be processed in many ways.
山羊奶干酪可以有多种加工方法。
 Two million workers are employed processing goods for electronic firms.
200 万名工人受雇为电子公司加工产品。
2  DEAL WITHto deal with an official document, request etc in the usual way 处理〔文件、请求等〕
process an application/claim/transaction etc
 All university applications are processed through this system.
所有大学入学申请都是由这个系统处理的。
► see thesaurus at deal
3  TDto deal with information using a computer 〔计算机〕处理〔数据〕
 The new network will enable data to be processed more speedily.
新网络将使数据处理更迅速。
4. TCPto print a picture from a photographic film 冲印〔照片〕
→ data processing, word processor
Examples from the Corpus
process• The milk must be maintained at this temperature until it is processed.• You should allow two weeks for your visa application to be processed.• The smelly and difficult business of processing and printing was placed, conveniently out of sight, in the factory.• Slides were subsequently processed as for tissue sections.• Such information is often laboriously collected by literature-searching and is conventionally processed as text.• Unless you desire the whitest possible loaf, unbleached flour is processed less and certainly white enough for white bread.• Computers have given banks the power to process millions of transactions a day.• The expanding use of automation may make analysts more productive, allowing them to process more data in less time.• That is, until the next day when I started to use the word processing program.• Distillers scrambled to develop processing techniques that would allow them to carve out their own niches.• It will take four to six weeks to process your loan application.
process an application/claim/transaction etc• Local sheriffs and police departments then have up to six months to process applications.• Some paradigms are intended especially for signal processing applications.• In London, the Home Office confirmed that it was processing applications for leave to remain on behalf of the three.
pro·cess3 /prəˈses/ verb [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]  
LINE formal to walk or move along in a very slow and serious way, especially as part of a group 列队行进；缓慢而严肃地行进
From Longman Business Dictionary
processpro·cess1 /ˈprəʊsesˈprɑː-/ noun
1[countableC] a series of actions taken to perform a particular task or achieve a particular result
simpler design and manufacturing processes
Industry executives said ABC’s plans would slow down the process.
the union’s disciplinary and electoral processes
→ due process
2be in the process of doing something to have started doing something that is not yet finished
General Motors is in the process of beginning discussions with potential partners.
processprocess2 verb [transitiveT]
1MANUFACTURING to change a substance as part of the manufacture of a product
The refineries are processing 1.4 million barrels of crude oil a day.
The paper will be processed from pineapple and banana leaves.
2to deal with a document in the usual way
The service was started to help process copyright permissions more rapidly.
The Securities Industry Automation Corp. processes stock quotations from the major exchanges.
3COMPUTING if a computer processes information, figures etc, it uses them to produce a particular result
the accounts are processed by the Systems Union Sun Account system.
facilities for changing, deleting and processing data
→ see also central processing unit
Origin process1
(1300-1400) Old French proces, from Latin processus, from procedere; → PROCEED
pro·cess1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1process2 verbpro·cess3 verb
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