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IELTS BNC: 124 COCA: 201

government

Word family 
Related topics: Government
gov·ern·ment /ˈɡʌvəmənt, ˈɡʌvənmənt $ ˈɡʌvərn-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun  
1  (also Government) [countableC usually singular]GOVERNMENT the group of people who govern a country or state 政府
 The Government are planning further cuts in public spending.
政府正计划进一步削减公共支出。
 The US government has tightened restrictions on firearms.
美国政府已经加强了对枪支的管制。
 Neither party had the majority necessary to form a government.
两个政党都没有获得组阁所必需的多数票。
under a government (=during the period of a government) 在某届政府的领导下
 Structural reforms are unlikely under the present government.
在本届政府执政期间不大可能进行结构改革。
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
In this meaning, government is usually followed by a singular verb:
The government is planning to increase taxes.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
The government are planning to increase taxes.
2  [uncountableU]GOVERNMENT a form or system of government 政体，国家体制
 Most people in the country support the return to democratic government.
国内大多数人都支持恢复民主政体。
→ local government, central government
3  [uncountableU]GOVERNMENT the process or way of governing 治理，管理，统治
in government
 What would the opposition do if they were in government (=governing the country)?
如果反对党执政，他们会怎么做？
 the importance of good government in developing countries
治国有道在发展中国家的重要性
4  [uncountableU] American EnglishAmEGOVERNMENT the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities 政府掌控经济和社会活动的程度
 The protest march was really about big government (=when the government controls many activities).
这次抗议游行其实是针对大政府主义。
 COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + government
the UK/French/Thai etc government 英国/法国/泰国等政府
The UK government has offered to send aid.
英国政府已表示会提供援助。
the Labour/Conservative/Social Democratic etc government 工党/保守党/社会民主党等政府
In August 1931, the Labour government collapsed.
1931年8月，工党政府倒台。
the Thatcher/Blair etc government 撒切尔/布莱尔等政府
nDid the Blair government do more for Africa than previous ones?
a coalition government (=government made up of members of more than one political party) 联合政府
nThe country has had a succession of weak coalition governments.
a minority government (=that does not have enough politicians to control parliament) 少数党政府
nHis party had gained only enough seats to form a minority government.
a left-wing/right-wing government 左翼/右翼政府
nThe new left-wing government restructured the economy.
central/national government (=that deals with national rather than local things) 中央政府
nFunding will continue to be available from central government for further education for adults.
federal government (=in the US, the government of the whole country rather than of the individual states) 〔美国〕联邦政府
nThe state, rather than the federal government, would have to pay the extra cost.
local/state/city government 地方/州/市政府
nThe interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.
government + NOUN
government spending 政府开支
Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.
政府一年的医疗开支共约600亿美元。
a government minister 政府部长
A government minister said that there would be an inquiry.
一位政府部长称将进行调查。
a government official (=someone who works for a government in an official position) 政府官员
nHe had a meeting with French scientists and government officials.
a government body (also a government agency American EnglishAmE) (=an organization run by the government) 政府机构
nPatents are granted by the U.K. Patent Office, a government body.
a government department 政府部门
nthe government department responsible for policing
verbs
elect a government (=vote to choose a government) 选举政府
A new government was elected last October.
本届政府于去年10月选出。
form a government (=become the government) 组成政府
nThe party attained the majority of seats it needed to form a government.
bring down a government (=force it to lose power) 使政府倒台
nIt was a major scandal that nearly brought down the government.
 THESAURUS
government [countableC, uncountableU] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it 政府
The French government did not sign the agreement.
法国政府没有签署此项协定。
a democratic system of government
民主政体
administration [countableC] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president 政府〔尤指美国等由总统领导的政府〕
the Kennedy administration
肯尼迪政府
the problems left by the previous administration
前一届政府遗留下来的问题
regime [countableC] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of 〔未经公正选举产生的或者不被认可的〕政府,政权
Most people opposed the apartheid regime.
大多数人都反对这个实行种族隔离的专制政府。
nthe executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well
the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
democracy [countableC, uncountableU] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system 民主制度；民主国家
The transition to democracy has not been easy.
向民主制度的过渡并非易事。
In a democracy, people have freedom of speech.
在民主国家,人们享有言论自由。
republic [countableC] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen 共和国
Mauritius became a republic in 1992.
毛里求斯于1992年成为共和国。
monarchy [countableC, uncountableU] /ˈmɒnəki $ ˈmɑːnərki/ the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system 君主政体,君主制；君主国
Some monarchies have elected governments.
有些君主制国家有民选政府。
controversy about the institution of monarchy
关于君主制度的争议
an undemocratic government 非民主政体
dictatorship [countableC, uncountableU] a political system or country that has a dictator (=a leader who has complete power and who has not been elected) 专制政体；独裁国家
Argentina was a military dictatorship until 1983.
1983年之前，阿根廷还是个军事专制国家。
Hungary’s years of dictatorship
匈牙利实行独裁统治的年代
totalitarian adjectiveadj [only before noun] used for describing countries in which ordinary people have no power and the government has complete control over everything 极权主义的
totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany
如纳粹德国之类的极权国家
a totalitarian dictatorship
极权的独裁政府
police state [countableC] a country where the government strictly controls people’s freedom, for example to travel or to talk about politics 警察国家，极权国家
It’s like living in a police state.
这就像生活在警察国家。
Examples from the Corpus
government• The Republicans were elected by campaigning against big government and high taxes.• It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas.• the city government of Los Angeles• After years of corrupt government, people are tired of politics.• The French government strongly condemned the killings.• the French government• Having a popular leader does not guarantee good government.• The voters just want good government and less taxes.• His blend of smears, half truths and downright lies ruined many careers in government and the professions.• Still others see the pro-bat requirement as just another example of federal encroachment on local government.• The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing.• In practice the actions of governments have been less high-minded: a fact the opposition is always quick to point out.• The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies.• The current Liberal Party has no actual experience of government.• Almost everywhere the monarch was, and was expected to be, the moving force behind the machinery of government.• In public sector schools in the late 1980s, shortages of government funding were bringing pressures to charge fees.• The government even began legal proceedings against the survivors, indicting them for rebellion and damaging public property.• The government has promised to cut taxes.• The government said that Iceland has no plans to resume whaling.• Taxation is about all there is to government.• Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face.
under a government• They are the values which will help us complete the transformation of Britain, under a Government competent, decent and strong.• In 1954 wellhead gas prices also came under government control.• Utility companies, under government regulation, might do a better job of keeping the air clean.• Soon he was working there on digs under government auspices.• The individual under a government enjoys a certain measure of order and security.• It was charged with finding and ending racial discrimination in war industries under government contract.• Farmworkers fear for their future if the Board now under government review is scrapped.• The mine has since - with violent and fatal opposition - been placed under government control.
big government• Conservatives have protested against big government and federal spending.• The penalty imposed by big government for expansion in business is a growing burden of responsibility, paperwork and liability.• Most substantially, Rockefeller is attacked as an apostle of big government.• According to President Clinton, the era of big government is over.• The first is an overview of big government.• Mr Pinkerton brilliantly succeeds in convincing the reader that big government is an endangered species.• Clinton has an undeniable economic vision: bigger government.
From Longman Business Dictionary
governmentgov·ern·ment /ˈgʌvəmənt, ˈgʌvənməntˈgʌvərn-/ (also Government) noun [countableC]
the group of people responsible for running a country or state and making decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc
The Government is planning further cuts in public spending.
gov·ern·ment noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1
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