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BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034

painful

Word family 
pain·ful /ˈpeɪnfəl/ ●●● W2 adjectiveadj  
1  HURT/CAUSE PAINif a part of your body is painful, it hurts 〔身体某个部位〕疼痛的
 stiff painful joints
僵硬疼痛的关节
 Is your arm very painful?
你的手臂很疼吗？
 The neck becomes swollen and painful to the touch (=hurts when you touch it).
脖子肿起来了，一碰就疼。
2  UPSETmaking you feel very upset, or very difficult and unpleasant for you 令人痛苦[难受]的；困难的，令人不快的 OPP painless
painful memories/experience etc
 He sobbed as he recalled the painful memory.
回想起那段痛苦的往事，他啜泣起来。
 Venice was a painful reminder of her marriage.
威尼斯是个伤心地，让她回想起自己的婚姻。
 He and his wife took the painful decision to switch off their son’s life support machine.
他和妻子痛苦地决定切断儿子的生命维持器。
 the long and painful process of growing up
漫长而艰难的成长历程
painful to do something
 It can be painful to leave the house in which you were born.
离开自己出生的房子会很痛苦。
painful for/to
 The divorce was painful for both of us.
离婚让我俩都感到痛苦。
 Even hearing his name was painful to her.
甚至连听到他的名字都让她觉得痛苦。
3  HURT/CAUSE PAINcausing physical pain 引起疼痛的
 a painful blow on the head
头部遭到的疼痛一击
excruciatingly/extremely painful
 an excruciatingly painful death
极其痛苦的死亡
painful to do something
 He was finding it painful to breathe.
他发现呼吸的时候很痛苦。
4  EMBARRASSEDif someone’s behaviour or a performance is painful, it is so bad that it embarrasses people 令人难堪的
painful to watch/listen to/hear etc
 It’s painful to watch her making the best of a terrible script.
看着她尽全力去演好那个蹩脚剧本，真是令人心痛。
Do not use painful to mean ‘feeling pain’: He didn’t feel much pain (NOT feel very painful) at first.
Do not use painful to mean ‘feeling pain’. 想表达感到疼痛的意思时，不要用painful: He didn’t feel much pain (NOT 不说 feel very painful) at first! 起初他并没有觉得很疼！
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: making you feel very upset, or very difficult and unpleasant for you
nouns
a painful memory
The photograph brought back painful memories.
a painful experience
It must have been a painful experience for you.
a painful process
It was just part of the painful process of growing up.
a painful time/period
The US is in for a painful period of adjustment.
a painful decision
I made the painful decision to move far away from my family.
a painful reminder
The violence is a painful reminder that many issues have not yet been resolved.
the painful truth
We won’t be able to keep the painful truth from the children.
painful feelings/emotions
Patients are encouraged to talk about their painful feelings.
 THESAURUS
when a part of your body hurts 身体某部位疼痛
painful used for describing a part of the body that hurts 疼痛的
Her leg is still painful where she broke it.
她腿上骨折的地方仍然很痛。
painful joints
疼痛的关节
nShe was suffering from painful stomach cramps.
tender painful when touched 一触即痛的
The skin around the wound is very tender.
伤口周围的皮肤一碰就痛。
stiff painful and difficult to move 僵硬的,一动就痛的
I’ve got a stiff neck.
我脖子发僵。
Her body was stiff from sitting in the car for so long.
她在汽车里坐了这么久,身体都僵硬了。
sore painful as a result of a wound, infection, or too much exercise 〔因受伤、感染、运动过度而〕疼痛的
sore muscles
酸痛的肌肉
a sore throat
喉咙痛
The wound was sore and red.
伤口红肿疼痛。
Examples from the Corpus
painful• The transition from dualism to monism is painful.• It's five years since we separated, but I still find the memories quite painful.• This was very painful, and made me cry aloud.• events from her painful and troubled past• Each year the painful birth of birds brought more seeds, more bones, more wolves into the forest.• The treatment, in the early stages, could be painful, but it could also bring a release from pain.• In her misery, Aileen remembered with painful clarity when she'd first met Mac.• a slow painful death• That means food aid, and it means more painful diplomacy in the search for peace.• For those involved, the scandal has been a very painful experience.• More painful in many ways is the appalling loss of self-confidence and self-esteem.• But it can add up to a painful result.• painful shyness• The child suffered painful stomach cramps and vomiting after drinking one of the contaminated drinks.• painful surgery• painful, swollen knee-joints• Colin's death is painful to me and everyone who knew him.• It was so painful to see how frail she had become in just a few months.• His total humiliation was painful to watch.• Jim's knee was still painful where he had fallen on it.
painful to the touch• The ankle was already swollen and painful to the touch.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.
painful for/to• I closed my eyes-it was too painful to consider.• Now she had trouble getting up and walking, gravity too painful for her.• My throat felt dry, my eyes heavy and painful to move.• Some prophecy should therefore be painful to receive, particularly to the outsider, but by no means all.• The memories were too painful to revisit, but I suspect that similar sorrows bound us unconsciously.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.• Chairman James Unruh said the decision had been painful for Unisys, but that the company saw little choice.• Before it became too painful for you?
painful to do something• That experience might be welcomed by some but is painful to a man who once reveled in his fame, friends said.• More painful to hide it inside.• Illiterates find it painful to identify themselves.• He had hurt his right ankle and it was too painful to put to the ground.• When it got more and more painful to put up with him, I quit.• It is a wonderful part of the book, if painful to read.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.• Besides, he'd never expect her to try and escape because he thought her ankle too painful to walk on.
pain·ful adjectiveadj →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: pain

BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, look, seem令人痛苦；看上去令人痛苦；好像令人不快▸➤become, get變得令人痛苦▸➤find sth發覺⋯令人痛苦◇She found it unbearably painful to speak.她發現開口說話痛苦得令人難以承受。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極為／相當／非常痛苦▸➤acutely, excruciatingly, horribly, incredibly, intensely, terribly, unbearably極度令人痛苦；鑽心般地痛苦；尤為令人不快；痛苦得令人難以忍受➤particularly特別痛苦➤increasingly越來越令人痛苦➤almost幾乎令人痛苦➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／有些痛苦▸➤potentially有可能令人痛苦➤emotionally, physically令人精神上痛苦；令人肉體上疼痛PREPOSITION➤to對⋯來說痛苦◇The subject of his failed marriage was quite painful to him.他失敗的婚姻對他來說是一個十分痛苦的話題。
BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful adj.
⇨ painful 1 (a painful knee) ⇨ painful 2 (painful memories)painful1

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆painful ♦︎ sore ♦︎ raw ♦︎ inflamed ♦︎ excruciating ♦︎ burning ♦︎ itchyThese words all describe sth that causes you physical pain. 这些词均表示使人肉体上疼痛的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人疼痛的程度
itchy➔painful➔excruciating
soreburning
raw
inflamed
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sore / inflamed / itchy eyes◆raw / inflamed / itchy skin◆a painful / an excruciating death◆a painful / a burning sensation◆excruciating / burning pain■ painful causing you physical pain 令人疼痛的◆Is your knee still painful?你的膝盖还疼吗？◆Ulcers can be unbearably painful.溃疡能让人疼得受不了。◆I had to undergo a series of painful injections.我不得不经历一次又一次痛苦的注射。◆It was a slow and painful death.死亡来得缓慢而又痛苦。ⓘ Painful can describe a part of the body, illness, injury, treatment or death. * painful可用于描述身体部位、疾病、受伤、治疗或死亡。 OPP painless ⓘ Something that is painless causes no pain. * painless指没有痛苦的◆a painless death没有痛苦的死亡◆The treatment is painless.这种治疗是无痛的。 ▸ painfully

adverb

◆He limped painfully to the door.他一瘸一拐艰难地走向门口。■ sore (of a part of the body) painful and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much （身体部位）疼痛红肿的（尤指因感染或肌肉劳损）◆He had a high temperature and a sore throat.他发烧，嗓子疼。◆Their feet were sore after hours of walking.他们走了几个小时的路，脚都走疼了。  see also sore ⇨ tumour noun ▸ soreness

noun

 [uncountable] ◆an ointment to reduce soreness and swelling止痛消肿的软膏■ raw (of a part of the body) red and painful, for example because of an infection or because the skin has been damaged （身体部位）红肿疼痛的（如因感染或皮肤破损）◆His throat was raw and painful.他的喉咙红肿疼痛。◆The skin on her feet had been rubbed raw.她双脚磨破了皮。■ inflamed ɪŋˈfleɪmd (of a part of the body) painful, red and hot because of an infection or injury （身体部位因感染或受伤）发炎的，红肿的◆Her finger was swollen and inflamed.她的手指发炎肿起来了。◆The wound had become inflamed.伤口发炎了。   see also inflammation ⇨ tumour noun ■ excruciating ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ extremely painful 极痛苦的；疼痛不已的◆The pain in my back was excruciating.我的背疼痛难忍。◆The process is painful, but not excruciating.整个过程是痛苦的，但并非难以忍受。◆She groaned at the memory, suffering all over again the excruciating embarrassment of those moments.她回忆起那个时候叹了口气，又一次饱尝了所经历的极度困窘。ⓘ Excruciating can describe feelings, treatments or death but not parts of the body. * excruciating可以描述感觉、治疗或死亡，但不描述身体部位◆an excruciating throat/back/knee It can describe mental as well as physical pain. 本词既可描述肉体痛苦，亦可描述精神痛苦。 ▸ excruciatingly

adverb

◆an excruciatingly painful death极其痛苦的死亡■ burning painful and giving a feeling of being very hot; feeling very hot 火烧般疼痛的；火辣辣的◆She felt a burning sensation in her throat.她觉得嗓子火辣辣地疼。◆The boy's forehead was burning.那男孩的额头热得烫手。ⓘ Burning can describe a feeling or a part of the body. * burning可以描述感觉或身体部位。■ itchy giving an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch; having this feeling 发痒的◆The skin on my legs broke out in an itchy rash.我的腿上突然长满了皮疹，痒痒的。◆I feel itchy all over.我浑身发痒。painful2

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆  ➡ See also the entries for sad, stressful and worrying 另见sad条、stressful条和worrying条painful ♦︎ traumatic ♦︎ distressing ♦︎ upsetting ♦︎ harrowing ♦︎ agonizingThese words all describe sth that makes you feel upset or anxious. 这些词均表示令人精神上痛苦的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人痛苦的程度
painful➔traumatic➔harrowing
upsettingdistressingagonizing
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be painful / traumatic / distressing / upsetting for sb◆to be painful / distressing / upsetting to do sth◆to be distressing / upsetting that...◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / an upsetting / a harrowing experience◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / a harrowing / an agonizing time◆a painful / distressing / harrowing scene◆a distressing / harrowing sight◆a painful / an agonizing decision◆rather painful / traumatic / distressing / pathetic / upsetting / harrowing◆very / extremely / deeply / particularly painful / distressing / upsetting■ painful making you feel upset or embarrassed 令人痛苦（或难过、难堪）的◆Seeing her again brought back painful memories.再次见到她唤起了令人痛苦的回忆。◆Their efforts were painful to watch.看他们这么辛苦真让人难过。  see also pain ⇨ distress noun ■ traumatic trɔːˈmætɪk; NAmE traʊˈmætɪk(especially of an experience) very unpleasant and making you feel very upset and/or anxious （尤指经历）极不愉快的，痛苦的◆a traumatic childhood不幸的童年◆Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved.离婚对每个当事人来说都可能是痛苦的。   see also trauma ⇨ nightmare , traumatize ⇨ frighten ■ distressing dɪˈstresɪŋ making you feel very upset, especially because of sb's suffering （尤指遭遇）使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的◆The divorce was extremely distressing for the children.这桩离婚对孩子来说是极其痛苦的事。◆What could be more distressing than the death of their only child?有什么能比失去了他们唯一的孩子更痛苦呢？  see also distress ⇨ distress noun , distress ⇨ hurt verb 1 , distressed ⇨ upset ■ upsetting making you feel unhappy, anxious or annoyed 令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的◆I could see that it had been an upsetting experience for him.我看得出那对于他是个痛苦的经历。◆It's always upsetting to lose a patient.失去病人总是令人很难过。  see also upset ⇨ upset adj. , upset ⇨ hurt verb 1 ■ harrowing ˈhærəʊɪŋ; NAmE ˈhæroʊɪŋvery shocking or frightening and making you feel extremely upset 令人肠断的；恐怖惊悚的◆There were harrowing scenes at the airport as relatives heard news of the crash.亲属听到飞机失事的消息后，机场里一片令人伤心欲绝的情景。◆You've had a harrowing experience and a lucky escape.你的经历很恐怖，能逃出来真是运气。■ agonizing (BrE also agonising) ˈægənaɪzɪŋ causing great pain, anxiety or difficulty 令人十分痛苦的；使人焦虑的；带来巨大困难的◆his father's agonizing death他父亲极度痛苦的死◆It was the most agonizing decision of her young life.那是她年轻时最痛苦的决定。
BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful
Making you feel sad or upset: sad, unhappy, depressing...
Making you feel ashamed or embarrassed: embarrassing, humiliating, painful...
Physically painful and describing pain: achy, acute, agonising...

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