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IELTS BNC: 1467 COCA: 1206

crisis

cri·sis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun (plural crises /-siːz/) [countableC, uncountableU]  
1  SERIOUS SITUATIONa situation in which there are a lot of problems that must be dealt with quickly so that the situation does not get worse or more dangerous 危机；紧要关头 → emergency
 The country now faces an economic crisis.
该国目前正面临一场经济危机。
 The prime minister was criticized for the way in which he handled the crisis.
首相处理危机的方式遭到了批评。
 the current debt crisis
当前的债务危机
 a major political crisis
重大的政治危机
 I was relieved that we had averted yet another financial crisis.
我如释重负，我们又避免了一场财政危机。
 Oil companies were heavily criticized when they made large profits during the oil crisis of the 1970s.
石油公司因在20世纪70年代的石油危机中赚取了丰厚利润而受到严厉抨击。
 The car industry is now in crisis.
汽车工业现在正处于危机之中。
 He doesn’t seem to be very good at crisis management.
他好像不大擅长处理危机。
2  SERIOUS SITUATIONa time when a personal emotional problem or situation has reached its worst point 〔个人的〕危急关头，危难时刻
 an emotional crisis
情感危机
 In times of crisis, you find out who your real friends are.
在危难时刻就会看出谁是你真正的朋友。
 He seems to be going through a crisis.
他好像遇到了困难。
 She has reached a crisis point in her career.
她的事业已经到了危急关头。
 Both parties experienced an identity crisis (=feeling of uncertainty about their purpose) at the end of the '90s.
90年代末，两个政党都遭遇了认同危机。
3  crisis of confidence BELIEVEa situation in which people no longer believe that a government or an economic system is working properly, and will no longer support it or work with it 信任危机
 There seems to be a crisis of confidence in the economy.
对经济似乎出现了信任危机。
Examples from the Corpus
crisis of confidence• This talk about a crisis of confidence in the City is overdone.• It was not just the veto which caused a crisis of confidence: every member had the right to blackball an applicant.• It is a crisis of confidence and purpose.• Ominously, however, this confidence-promoting institution is itself undergoing a crisis of confidence.• Lack of up to date knowledge leading to a potential crisis of confidence.• During the Middle Ages society suffered, as much as anything else, from an acute and prolonged crisis of confidence.• The slightest crisis of confidence can threaten the survival of the banking system and the health of the whole economy.• Postmodernism's crisis is the crisis of confidence in the function of art and culture at the end of the twentieth century.
4. crisis of conscience a situation in which someone feels worried or uncomfortable because they have done something which they think is wrong or immoral 良心的责备，良知的考验
Examples from the Corpus
crisis of conscience• It struck me that the practice of Thaipusam should not seem that mystifying for anyone who endures a crisis of conscience.• Hereford might just have a crisis of conscience tomorrow.• A comparison of the two will throw light on the crisis of conscience on both occasions.• The crisis of conscience and duty would be too painful.
→ midlife crisis
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
an economic/political/financial etc crisis
The country was headed into an economic crisis.
a constitutional crisis (=relating to the way a country is governed)
The scandal caused the greatest constitutional crisis of modern times.
a major/serious/deep/severe crisis
Our farming industry has been hit by a serious crisis.
a worsening/deepening crisis
The strikes came during a worsening economic crisis.
verbs
create/cause/provoke a crisis
The people fled the country, creating a huge refugee crisis.
precipitate a crisis formal (=start one)
The rising oil prices precipitated an energy crisis.
face a crisis
Many families are facing a debt crisis.
resolve/overcome a crisis (=deal with it so that it no longer exists)
We still hope that the hostage crisis can be resolved by negotiation.
handle a crisis (=deal with one)
Can he handle the crisis in our prisons?
defuse a crisis (=stop it developing further)
Diplomatic efforts to defuse the crisis have failed.
avert a crisis (=stop it happening)
More talks were proposed in an attempt to avert the crisis.
NOUN + crisis
a debt/food/housing etc crisis
The failure of the crop this year will create a food crisis.
a cash crisis (=a lack of money)
In April the company sold another 30% of its stock to ease its cash crisis.
an energy/oil/fuel crisis
There is an energy crisis here, with power cuts happening daily.
crisis + NOUN
crisis management (=dealing with a crisis)
Most of my job consists of crisis management.
crisis point (=the point at which a problem becomes a crisis)
Events were now reaching crisis point.
a crisis situation
Emergency powers were needed to deal with the crisis situation.
crisis talks (=discussions about a crisis)
The Prime Minister went back to London for crisis talks.
Examples from the Corpus
crisis• We need someone who can stay calm in a crisis.• The President announced his resignation, sparking a crisis in the government.• Their marriage was going through a crisis which almost ended in divorce.• When a crisis or dilemma arises, such an organization will resort under duress to its customary self-defeating practices.• In recent years, the country has suffered a profound political and economic crisis, and depravation is acute.• Cars lined up for gas during the energy crisis of 1972.• a charity set up to help families in crisis• The Health Service is in crisis.• She's written a book about the Cuban missile crisis.• The Cuban missile crisis in 1960 was probably the closest we have been to nuclear war.• In times of crisis you find out who your real friends are.• Gold and cash reserves fell by around £2 billion as a result of the sterling crisis.• At the airport, crews from many nations prepare to fly to the crisis centre.• Babcock countered that the plant's operators had all the information that they needed to cope with the crisis.• The crisis became a pretext for advocating cuts in public spending of every kind.
economic crisis• Another consequence of the war and economic crisis has been an increasing dependence on external aid.• He had only a tiny parliamentary majority, and Britain was in the grip of another economic crisis.• Others fret that the system might not provide enough help in times of rural economic crisis.• The devaluation or revaluation of a currency against the dollar was permitted only when a country faced a severe economic crisis.• This is the last thing President Mikhail Gorbachev needs, as he tries to contain a staggering economic crisis.• The Rao government moved swiftly to try and tackle the economic crisis.• When economic crisis and agricultural crisis coincide labor really gets squeezed.
crisis point• When these conflicts reach a crisis point, existing dominant groups always fight to maintain the anachronistic form of social organization.• I came to a crisis point and knew I had to do something to sort myself out.• Michael Lynagh - below his best, but hits the mark on crisis point.• Now the process has reached crisis point: the organization is about to go bust.• Recent employee relations surveys had reached an all-time low-significantly below the crisis point in practically every area.• Events were now reaching the crisis point.• It was at this crisis point in his career, now aged 32, that Gallacher signed for Derby County.
From Longman Business Dictionary
crisiscri·sis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ noun (plural crises /-siːz/) [countableC, uncountableU]
1a period of great difficulty, danger, or uncertainty, especially in politics or economics
Opposition leaders accused the president of ignoring the country’s growing economic crisis.
Many Americans still remember the long lines at gas stations during the energy crisis of 1972.
2crisis of confidence a time when people no longer have confidence in something and no longer support it
There seems to be a crisis of confidence in the economy.
Origin crisis
(1400-1500) Latin Greek krisis “decision”, from krinein; → CRITERION
cri·sis noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 1467 COCA: 1206
crisis

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CRISIS | CRISIS + VERB | CRISIS + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤acute, grave, major, serious, severe, terrible, worst嚴重的危機；可怕的危機◇the worst economic crisis for fifty years50 年來最嚴重的經濟危機➤deepening, growing, mounting, ongoing, unfolding (especially NAmE) 深化中的／發展中的／不斷加劇的／仍在繼續的／日益顯露的危機▸➤impending, looming, potential迫在眉睫的／逼近的／潛在的危機◇The plan could save the country from a looming energy crisis.這項計劃能將該國從迫在眉睫的能源危機中解救出來。➤current, present當前的危機▸➤global, international, national全球性／國際性／全國性危機▸➤constitutional, ecological, economic, environmental, financial, fiscal, humanitarian, nuclear, political, social憲法危機；生態危機；經濟危機；環境危機；金融危機；財政危機；人道主義危機；核危機；政治危機；社會危機▸➤budget, cash, currency, debt, liquidity預算／現金／貨幣／債務／清償危機◇the Third-World debt crisis第三世界的債務危機➤energy, health, hostage, housing, immigration, oil, refugee能源／健康／人質／住房／移民／石油／難民危機▸➤family, personal家庭／個人危機▸➤moral, spiritual道德／精神危機▸➤identity身分認同危機▸➤midlife中年危機VERB + CRISIS➤be faced with, be hit by, experience, face, go through, have (informal) , suffer, undergo面臨危機；受到危機的衝擊；經歷危機；遭受危機◇With competition from cheap imports, the industry is facing a serious crisis.由於廉價進口商品的競爭，該行業正面臨嚴重的危機。◇He's having a midlife crisis.他正遭遇中年危機。➤cause, create, lead to, precipitate, provoke, spark off, trigger引起危機；造成危機；引發危機▸➤address, alleviate, deal with, defuse, ease, handle, manage, overcome, resolve, respond to, solve, tackle處理危機；緩解危機；化解危機；回應危機◇Union leaders are taking immediate steps to defuse the crisis.工會領導人將立即採取措施緩解危機。◇attempts to ease the town's housing crisis緩解城鎮住房危機的各種努力➤survive, weather挺過／渡過危機▸➤avert, avoid, prevent避免危機；防止危機▸➤end結束危機▸➤aggravate, exacerbate加重危機CRISIS + VERB➤arise, erupt, hit, occur危機出現／爆發／襲來／發生◇We are just waiting for the next crisis to arise.我們在等待下一次危機出現。➤deepen, unfold, worsen危機加重／發展／惡化▸➤loom危機逼近▸➤be over危機結束◇As soon as the crisis was over, she relaxed.危機一結束，她就放鬆下來了。CRISIS + NOUN➤point危機關頭◇The team's dismal season has reached crisis point.該球隊在賽季的表現令人沮喪，情況已到了緊急關頭。➤situation危急局面▸➤intervention, management危機干預／處理◇an expert in crisis management危機處理專家PREPOSITION➤during a/the crisis在危機期間◇Three people died during the hostage crisis.有 3 人死於人質危機。➤in (a/the) crisis處於危機之中◇The government is in crisis.政府現在處於危機之中。◇She's no good in a crisis.遇到危機她就無能為力。➤crisis in⋯方面的危機◇the growing crisis in education日漸加深的教育危機➤crisis over⋯的危機◇a crisis over pensions養老金危機PHRASES➤a crisis of confidence信任危機◇The company is suffering a severe crisis of confidence.公司正遭遇嚴重的信任危機。➤a crisis of faith信仰危機➤a crisis of conscience良知危機▸➤at/in moments of crisis, at/in times of crisis在危機時刻／時期◇In times of crisis it's good to have someone you can rely on for advice.在危機時期，有個可以依靠的人提提建議真好。
IELTS BNC: 1467 COCA: 1206
crisis noun
⇨ crisis (a political crisis) ⇨ turning point (The fever has passed its crisis.) crisis

noun

crisis ♦︎ emergency ♦︎ disaster ♦︎ tragedy ♦︎ catastrophe ♦︎ calamityThese are all words for an unexpected situation or event that creates difficulties for sb/sth, kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage. 这些词均表示危机、危难、灾难。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达危难的严重程度
crisis➔calamity➔disaster
emergencytragedy
catastrophe
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity for sb◆in a crisis / an emergency◆a major crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a great crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a / an awful / dreadful / terrible disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a potential crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a national crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆an environmental crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a / an ecological / personal crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a / an economic / financial crisis / disaster / catastrophe◆a nuclear disaster / catastrophe◆to cause a crisis / a disaster / a tragedy / a catastrophe◆to bring disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆to deal with / cope with a crisis / an emergency / a disaster◆to avert a crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity happens / occurs◆disaster / tragedy / catastrophe strikes■ crisis ˈkraɪsɪs (plural crises crisiːz ) [countable, uncountable] a time of great danger, difficulty or uncertainty when problems must be solved or important decisions must be made 危机；危急关头◆It is hoped that his resignation will end the latest political crisis in the country.大家希望他的辞职能够结束该国最近的政治危机。◆The party was facing an identity crisis.该党当时正面临自身认同的危机。◆The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters (= they did not trust it any longer).当时这个政党正面对其支持者对党的信任危机。◆The business is still in crisis but it has survived the worst of the recession.这家公司虽然仍处于危机之中，但已经挺过了经济衰退最严重的日子。◆In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to.在危难关头我知道能投靠哪些朋友。■ emergency [countable, uncountable] a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it 突发事件；紧急情况◆This door should only be used in an emergency.此门仅限紧急情况下使用。◆I always have some extra cash with me for emergencies.我总是随身多带点现金以备不时之需。◆The government has declared a state of emergency following the earthquake.地震发生后政府已经宣布进入紧急状态。◆There is an emergency exit (= to be used in an emergency) on each side of the aeroplane.飞机每侧均有一个紧急出口。■ disaster [countable, uncountable] an unexpected event such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage 灾难；灾祸；灾害◆Thousands died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。◆They were involved in the 2001 ferry disaster.他们被牵扯到2001年的渡船灾难事件。◆They will not insure you against a natural disaster (= one that is caused by nature).他们不会为自然灾害提供保险。◆Although there was always the possibility of flooding, the Nile seldom brought disaster to Egypt.尽管总是有可能发生洪水，尼罗河却很少给埃及带来灾难。  see also disaster ⇨ disaster , disastrous ⇨ disastrous ■ tragedy ˈtrædʒədi [countable, uncountable] a very sad event or situation, especially one that involves death （尤指有人身亡的）悲惨的事，不幸，灾难◆It's a tragedy that she died so young.她英年早逝是一大悲哀。◆Tragedy struck the family when their three-year-old son was hit by a car and killed.这个家庭惨遭不幸，他们三岁的儿子被汽车撞死了。◆The whole affair ended in tragedy.整件事以悲剧告终。  see also tragic ⇨ sad ■ catastrophe kəˈtæstrəfi [countable] a sudden disaster that causes many people to suffer 灾难；灾祸；横祸◆Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.提前发布水位上涨警报避免了又一重大灾难。   see also catastrophe ⇨ disaster , catastrophic ⇨ disastrous NOTE 辨析 Disaster or catastrophe?Either disaster or catastrophe can be used with such words as nuclear, environmental, ecological and economic, but disaster is preferred when you are talking about a famous event in which people were killed. * disaster和catastrophe均可与nuclear、environmental、ecological和economic等词搭配，但谈论广为人知的涉及人员死亡的事件时多倾向用disaster◆the Chernobyl / Lockerbie / Challenger disaster切尔诺贝利／洛克比／挑战者号灾难 ■ calamity kəˈlæməti [countable, uncountable] an event that causes great harm, especially to the political or financial affairs of a country or organization, or to sb's personal life 灾难，灾祸（尤指对国家或机构的政治或财政方面，或对个人生活方面造成重大打击的事件）◆Sudan suffered a series of calamities during the 1980s.苏丹在20世纪80年代经受了一连串灾难。◆His financial help saved the magazine from total calamity.他的资金援助将那本杂志从彻底的危难中拯救出来。ⓘ A calamity is less serious than a disaster or catastrophe and is not usually used for an event in which people die. * calamity严重性比disaster和catastrophe要低，通常不指有人员死亡的事件。
IELTS BNC: 1467 COCA: 1206
crisis
Difficult situations and experiences: crisis, battle, nightmare...
Dangerous or exciting situations: danger, crisis, emergency...
Causes, symptoms and the course of illnesses: aetiology, complication, crisis...

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