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IELTS BNC: 846 COCA: 1752

duty

Word family 
Related topics: Tax
du·ty /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun (plural duties)  
1  STH you must do 应做的事情 [countableC, uncountableU]SHOULD/OUGHT TO something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right 〔道德或法律上的〕义务，责任 SYN obligation
 I promise I will do my duty.
我保证会尽到我的责任。
 We feel it is our duty to help her.
我们感到帮助她是我们的责任。
 Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean.
地方当局有责任保持街道整洁。
 You have a duty to your husband and to your children.
你对你丈夫和孩子负有责任。
 She has a strong sense of moral duty.
她的道德责任感很强。
 The unions have failed in their duty to female workers.
工会未能对女职工尽到责任。
 In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother.
在传统的印度家庭里，儿子负有照顾母亲的责任。
2  work 工作JOB/TASK [countableC usually plural, uncountableU] something you have to do as part of your job 〔工作〕职责，义务
duties
 Martin’s duties included cleaning the cars.
马丁的职责包括清洗汽车。
 She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties.
她为她父亲做兼职的秘书工作。
 He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job).
他很快就能康复起来重新工作。
 He can only do light duties.
他只能干点轻活。
 When Juliet reported for duty (=arrived and said she was ready to start work) she was sent to check on a new patient.
朱丽叶报到上班后被派去检查一名新病人。
 A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly).
教师会因失职被开除。
 He did three tours of duty in Vietnam (=three periods working in a foreign country as a soldier, government officer etc).
他曾三次在越南服役。
3  be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it 值班[值勤]/下班[不值勤]
 He’s on night duty.
他在值夜班。
 Mary goes on duty (=starts working) tonight at half past ten.
玛丽今晚10点半上班。
 What time do you go off duty (=finish work)?
你什么时候下班？
Examples from the Corpus
go off duty• Emil, the chefs, Oliver and Cathy had finished cleaning up and had all gone off duty.• Debbie should be going off duty but decides to stay and see it through. 5.00 p.m.• The woman who answered said she thought Sally had gone off duty but would put me through to the staff quarters.• Called to identify the body just before I went off duty.• I had no doubt they'd turn up within a short time, so I went off duty.• Alice waited in the Stoners' living room while Lester got his instructions from Mrs Miller before she went off duty.• A doctor came, and said the same thing, then she went off duty for lunch.• The prison is locked up, the inmates are counted and the main staff go off duty.
4  tax 税 [countableC, uncountableU]PET a tax you pay on something you buy 〔购物缴纳的〕税
duty on
 the duty on cigarettes
香烟税
customs duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) 关税
→ death duties, stamp duty
5  do duty as something USE somethingto be used as something 用以充当[代替]某物 SYN serve as something
 The living room also does duty as a home office.
起居室也用作家庭办公室。
→ double duty, heavy-duty, → jury duty at jury service, → on active duty at active service
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right
verbs
have a duty to do something
Parents have a duty to make sure that their children receive an education.
do your duty
I felt I had done my duty by voting.
fulfil your duty British EnglishBrE, fulfill your duty American EnglishAmE formal (=do what is needed)
The school has failed to fulfil its legal duty towards students.
have/owe a duty to somebody
A tenant owes a duty to the landlord to keep the house in reasonable condition.
fail in your duty (=not do something that you should do)
I would be failing in my duty if I didn't warn you of the dangers.
adjectives
a moral duty
She felt it was her moral duty to treat everyone equally.
a legal duty
Employers have a legal duty to ensure the safety of their workforce.
a statutory duty (=required by law)
Local authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that parks are clean.
a public duty (=relating to the people of a country)
The media has a public duty to report the truth.
a civic duty (=done because you live in a place)
It is your civic duty to vote.
phrases
a sense of duty
He was caring for his parents out of a sense of duty rather than love.
be duty-bound to do something formal (=have a duty to do something)
Soldiers are here to do a job and are duty-bound to complete it.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: something you have to do as part of your job
verbs
carry out your duties (also perform/discharge your duties formal) (=do your job)
She has always carried out her duties efficiently.
take up your duties (=start doing a new job)
Neale has agreed a three-year contract and takes up his duties on March 1.
resume your duties (=start doing your job again)
She hopes to be well enough to resume her duties next week.
report for duty (=arrive and be ready to start work)
You must report for duty at 8:30 tomorrow morning.
neglect/shirk your duties (=not do your job properly)
No soldier can be allowed to neglect his duties.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + duty
official duties
The new president will take up his official duties next month.
presidential/royal/ministerial etc duties (=duties that go with being a president, member of a royal family, a minister etc)
The prince is now old enough to carry out royal duties.
household/domestic duties (=jobs you have to do around the house)
My husband and I share most of the household duties.
light duties (=not involving hard physical work)
He'd been wounded, sent home and put on light duties.
guard duty (=job of guarding a place)
There were two soldiers on guard duty outside the embassy.
phrases
neglect of duty (=failing to do your job properly)
Six police officers were fired for neglect of duty.
a tour of duty (=period of working in another country as a soldier, government officer etc)
He became a General, and his tours of duty included Korea and Vietnam.
beyond the call of duty (=more than you have to do as part of your job)
She's a doctor who has gone beyond the call of duty in her care for her patients.
in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country)
Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty.
Examples from the Corpus
duty• Teachers have a duty to ensure that students are not injured whilst they are in their care.• You have to pay a duty on the value of goods worth over $500 that you bring into the country.• For the most part, there was not much to do, other than cleanup duty around the prison camp.• The customs duty on luxury cars went up last month.• As he got nearer to No. 22 he decided that Mrs Brocklebank had been neglecting her duties here as well.• She didn't want to be the one to do that although she knew it was her duty.• However, unconsciously I must have been riddled with remorse for so neglecting my duties.• Conversely, those to whom citizens accord deference have been characterized by having an in-bred sense of duty.• He recently completed a tour of duty in Seoul as assistant to the US ambassador there.• Part of a park ranger's official duties is to ensure public safety.• He became a navy pilot, fought his way back on duty.• So David had been on duty this morning, had he?• This proves expensive for the police, who receive no subsidy from soccer sources for officers on duty outside the stadium.• And now I have a very pleasant duty to perform. I am going to present the prizes to the winning competitors.• Most of them mix their part time police duties with a full day's work.• clerical and secretarial duties• Your duties will also include answering the phone and typing letters.
have a duty to• Under recently passed statutes, teachers now also have a duty to report child abuse and neglect.• Murphy said fund directors have a duty to maximize the retirement income of city employees.• I know now that I have a duty to look after myself, for no one else will bother.• I have a duty to point out where people go wrong.• I have a duty to support just governments in foreign countries, even though they have no legitimate power over me.• The court said that schools do not have a duty to supervise the grounds at all times.• Senior officials have a duty to protect junior officials and to set standards for those lower down.• So too do teachers have a duty to teach, and parents a duty to protect children from a debased cultural environment.
tours of duty• Prior to Feakle, army battalions were able to spend only five months outside Northern Ireland between tours of duty.• The major had been there on two separate tours of duty.
customs duty• While all customs duties accrued to the federal government, it received only about one-third of total sales tax revenue in 1985.• Their dispute there hinged on the right to collect customs duties, a matter left unclear in the Fontainebleau agreement.• Moving on, Doumer increased his revenues by funneling customs duties and direct taxes into his central treasury.• More dramatic still was the rise in customs duties.• It also announced that it was reducing customs duty on sales from such zones to the domestic market.• In particular, major tax breaks are planned, including removing customs duties on transport of works of art for exchange exhibitions.• Last month the customs duty was raised on luxury cars.• Mary restored the value of the customs duties.• At that time, all Andean Pact countries are expected to adopt zero customs duties on all imports from other members.
From Longman Business Dictionary
dutydu·ty /ˈdjuːtiˈduː-/ noun (plural duties)
1[countableC usually plural] something that you have to do as part of your job
Thomas J Hutchison was named chief executive officer, adding to his duties as president and chief operating officer.
→ see also breach of duty
→ fiduciary duty
2[countableC, uncountableU]TAX a tax you pay on something you buy, import etc
Democrats want these imported vans classified as trucks and hit with a 25% duty.
Duty is levied (=charged) on every bottle of wine brought into the country.
→ ad valorem duty → countervailing duty → customs duty → death duties → discriminating duty → estate duty → excise duty → export duty → import duty → specific duty → stamp duty
Origin duty
(1200-1300) Anglo-French dueté, from Old French deu; → DUE1
du·ty noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 846 COCA: 1752
duty

noun¹

 1sth that you have to do because it is right or expected義務ADJECTIVE | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤contractual, legal, statutory (especially BrE) 合同／法律／法定義務◇Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose.零售商有為他們提供符合要求的貨物的法定義務。➤fiduciary信義義務◇the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders公司對其股東所負的信義義務➤constitutional (especially NAmE) 憲法義務▸➤general, primary基本義務；主要責任◇the general duty of the police to preserve the peace警察維持治安的基本職責➤professional職責▸➤civic, public公民義務；公共義務◇I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我認為投票選舉是我作為公民的義務。➤patriotic愛國義務➤Christian, religious基督徒的責任；宗教義務▸➤family, filial, parental家庭責任；子女應盡的義務；父母的責任▸➤ethical, moral倫理責任；道德上的義務◇He felt it was his moral duty to help others.他覺得幫助他人是他道義上的責任。➤absolute, bounden (formal) , sacred, solemn, sworn絕對的／義不容辭的／神聖的／莊嚴的／誓約的義務◇I feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her.我覺得盡力幫助她是我義不容辭的責任。VERB + DUTY➤have, owe (law法律) 有責任；有義務◇You have a legal duty to take reasonable care.你有適當注意的法律義務。◇The company owes a duty of care to all its customers.公司有義務照顧好所有顧客。➤carry out, do, fulfil/fulfill, meet, perform履行義務；盡責任◇I suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我們最好還是履行義務，報道此事故。◇She felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son.她認為給他生了個兒子就已經盡了責任。➤fail in未盡責任◇He had failed in his duty to his daughter.他對女兒未盡到責任。➤breach, violate失職；違反義務◇She had violated her legal duty of confidentiality.她違反了保密的法律義務。➤avoid, neglect, shirk免負責任；疏忽職守；逃避責任◇I'd be shirking my duty if I didn't warn him.如果我沒有對他提出警告，那就是逃避責任。➤abandon放棄責任◇I can't abandon my duty.我不能放棄我的責任。➤assign, charge sb with, impose分配任務；讓某人承擔責任；賦予責任◇It was a duty imposed by her father.那是她父親給她的責任。➤assume, take on承擔責任◇He took on the duty of maintaining the family home.他承擔了養家的責任。DUTY + VERB➤call公務在身◇I wanted to stop and chat, but duty called and I went back to the office.我想停下來聊會兒，但由於公務在身，我又回到了辦公室。PREPOSITION➤under a/the duty有義務◇You are under a statutory duty to keep accurate records.你有做好準確記錄的法定義務。➤duty of⋯的義務；⋯的責任◇It's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team.我們當中的每個人都有義務為團隊盡最大努力。◇They have a duty of confidentiality.他們有保密的責任。➤duty to, duty towards/toward對⋯的責任◇They have a duty to their parents to work hard.他們有為了父母而努力工作的責任。PHRASES➤a breach of duty失職◇It was a clear breach of professional duty.那是明顯的失職行為。➤do your duty by sb為某人盡職◇You feel that you have to do your duty by your children.你感到必須對你的孩子盡責任。➤be duty bound to do sth做⋯義不容辭◇An employer is not duty bound to provide a reference when an employee leaves.雇員離職時雇主沒有必須出具推薦信的義務。➤(above and) beyond the call of duty超出了職責◇The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他在幫助新雇員方面投入的時間超出了他的職責要求。➤duty done盡到責任◇She put down the phone and went out, her duty done.她放下電話走了出去，已經盡到了責任。➤feel it your duty to do sth認為做⋯是自己的責任◇I felt it my duty to go to the police.我認為向警方報案是我的責任。➤in breach of a duty (formal, especially BrE) 違反義務◇It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided.裁決認為傷者未佩戴提供的安全裝備是沒有盡到義務。➤a sense of duty責任感◇I did it out of a sense of duty.出於責任感我才這麼做。
duty

noun²

 2tasks that you do when you are at work職責ADJECTIVE | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | DUTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤light輕鬆的工作◇When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties.我病瘉重新工作，給安排了較輕鬆的工作。➤onerous (especially BrE) 繁重的工作▸➤day, night白班；夜班◇At 10.45 p.m. she reported for night duty.晚上 10 點 45 分她報到值夜班。➤combat, escort, guard, occupation, patrol, peacekeeping, point, sentry戰鬥任務；護衞工作；警衞工作；職責；巡邏任務；維和任務；（崗位）執勤；放哨◇The troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties.軍隊在這裏執行維和任務。◇The traffic lights were not working so there was a policeman on point duty.交通信號燈壞了，所以有一個警察在執勤指揮。➤active, inactive (in the military軍事) 現役／非現役◇He's been suspended from active duty.他被暫停服役。➤daily, regular, routine日常工作；例行工作➤temporary臨時職務➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職任務▸➤official公務職責▸➤administrative, operational, professional, teaching行政／業務／專業／教學工作▸➤domestic, household家務活兒◇My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家務活兒並不很繁重。➤kitchen廚房工作◇He was on kitchen duty.他負責廚房工作。➤assigned分配的任務◇He was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health.因為健康不佳，他無法完成指派的任務。➤military軍事任務➤jury (especially NAmE) 陪審員義務◇Several years ago I was called for jury duty.幾年前我被要求擔任過陪審員。➤double (especially NAmE) 雙重職責◇The regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer.這位新聞節目主持人還同時兼做撰稿人。VERB + DUTY➤have有任務◇The members of staff each have their own duties.每個職員都有各自的任務。➤pull (NAmE, informal) 值勤◇Sergeant Wilson had pulled parking-lot duty.威爾遜警官曾在停車場值勤。➤see (military軍事) 執行任務◇veterans who saw combat duty in Vietnam經歷過越戰的老兵➤carry out, complete, discharge, do, execute, perform, undertake執行任務；完成任務；履行職責◇She was unable to carry out her duties because she was too ill.她因為病得厲害沒能完成任務。➤handle (especially NAmE) 處理任務◇The company prefers to handle translation duties in-house.這家公司更願意在公司內部處理翻譯任務。➤come on, go on, report for開始上班；值班；報到上班◇Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty.他沒有報到上班，同事們產生了懷疑。➤come off, go off下班；卸任◇What time do you go off duty?你什麼時候下班？➤avoid, neglect, shirk瀆職；逃避職責◇He was accused of neglecting his professional duties.他被指控瀆職。➤resume, return to複職；重新回到工作崗位◇He leaves the hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month.他明天出院，預計下個月初重新開始工作。➤relinquish放棄責任▸➤be released from獲許暫停工作◇Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital.她兒子獲准放下在部隊的工作到醫院來看望她。➤be relieved of, be suspended from被解除職務；暫停職務◇When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain.他沒有參加訓練，被免除了隊長職務。➤share, split (especially NAmE) 分擔責任◇I share the cooking duties with Bell.我和貝爾分擔做飯的任務。DUTY + VERB➤fall to sb工作歸某人負責◇The cleaning duties now fell to Rachel.清掃工作現在歸蕾切爾負責。DUTY + NOUN➤manager, officer值班經理／警官◇the supermarket's senior duty manager超市的高級值班經理◇He went to the police station and spoke to the duty officer.他去警察局找了那個值班警員。➤doctor, nurse (both especially BrE) 值班醫生；值班護士➤station (NAmE) 勤務地◇The soldier was sent to his new duty station.該士兵被派往他的新勤務地。➤assignment (NAmE) 任務分配◇He has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities.他志願臨時執行反恐活動的任務。PREPOSITION➤off duty下班◇I'm off duty tomorrow night.我明天晚上不用值班。➤on duty值班◇You're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty.值班時不准喝酒。PHRASES➤the execution of your duties, the performance of your duties職責的履行◇The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty.你在執行任務過程中受傷，公司須負責任。
duty

noun³

 3tax稅ADJECTIVE | ... OF DUTY | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤heavy, high重稅；高額稅◇the heavy duty on cigarettes對香煙徵收的重稅➤low低稅▸➤customs, excise, export, import海關關稅；消費稅；出口稅；進口稅◇excise duty on spirits對烈酒徵收的消費稅➤alcohol, fuel, tobacco, etc. (all BrE) 酒稅、燃油稅、煙草稅等◇Tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government.煙草稅是政府收入的一個重要來源。➤death (BrE, old-fashioned) 遺產稅➤stamp (= a tax in the UK on some legal documents) 印花稅◇The bank will urge ministers to raise the 1% stamp duty threshold.該行將會敦促大臣們提高百分之一印花稅的起徵點。... OF DUTY➤amount稅額◇We tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay.我們估計了一下我們應繳納的稅額。VERB + DUTY➤impose, slap on sb/sth徵稅；突然對⋯徵稅◇They are going to slap duty on foreign cars.他們將對外國轎車徵稅。➤increase, put up, raise加稅◇They're going to put up the duty on tobacco.他們將提高煙草稅。➤cut, lower, reduce減稅；降稅▸➤pay納稅▸➤avoid, evade避稅；逃稅◇They claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty.他們聲稱這酒是供個人飲用的，以此來逃稅。➤be liable to有納稅義務◇Perfume is liable to import duty.進口香水應納進口稅。➤be exempt from免稅◇Beer for personal use is exempt from duty.供個人飲用的啤酒免稅。DUTY + VERB➤be payable (BrE) 稅應繳◇There will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate.還將會有用適用稅率計算的應繳印花稅。PREPOSITION➤in duty⋯方面的稅◇By changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty.更換供貨商後，這個公司省下了數千英鎊的進口稅。➤duty on對⋯徵的稅◇You have to pay duty on all electrical goods.所有的電氣產品都要納稅。
IELTS BNC: 846 COCA: 1752
duty noun
⇨ responsibility (It is my duty to report it to the police.) ⇨ task (your professional duties) ⇨ tax (pay customs duties)
IELTS BNC: 846 COCA: 1752
duty
Responsibilities and responsibility: accountability, responsibility, obligation...
Types of tax and taxation: back tax, capital gains tax, capitation...

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