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BNC: 1860 COCA: 1596

enemy

Related topics: Military
en·e·my /ˈenəmi/ ●●● W2 noun (plural enemies) [countableC]  
1  ENEMYsomeone who hates you and wants to harm you 敌人，仇敌
 She’s a dangerous enemy to have.
与她为敌很危险。
 Cats and dogs have always been natural enemies.
猫和狗向来是天敌。
 an old enemy of her father
她父亲的一个宿敌
make an enemy (of somebody)
 a ruthless businessman who made a lot of enemies
一个树敌众多的无情商人
 the unforgettable sight of the president shaking hands with his sworn enemy (=an enemy you will always hate)
董事长与其死敌握手的难忘情景
somebody’s worst enemy (=the person they hate most) 某人的死对头
 I wouldn’t wish this on my worst enemy.
即使是我的死对头，我也不愿看到他发生这样的事情。
2  AGAINST/OPPOSEsomeone who opposes or competes against you 反对者
 political enemies
政敌
 He was imprisoned for being ‘an enemy of the revolution’.
他作为“革命的敌人”被监禁了。
3  PMWAR (also the enemy) the country against which your country is fighting in a war 敌国
 He was accused of collaboration with the enemy.
他被控通敌。
enemy forces/aircraft/territory etc
 a town behind enemy lines
在敌后的城镇
5 GRAMMAR 语法
In British English, you can use either a singular verb or a plural verb after the enemy . 在英国英语中，the enemy后既可用单数动词，也可用复数动词
The enemy has ( OR have ) suffered a major defeat.
敌军遭到惨败。
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
The enemy is usually followed by a singular verb:
The enemy was defeated.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
The enemy were defeated.
4  something that people think is harmful or damaging 危害物
 The usual enemies, cigarettes and alcohol, are targeted for tax rises.
常见危害物，如香烟和酒类，将成为增税的对象。
 The common enemy that united them was communism.
把他们团结起来的共同敌人是贫穷。
5. be your own worst enemy PROBLEMto behave in a way that causes problems for yourself 自作自受，自己害自己
Examples from the Corpus
be your own worst enemy• My father was his own worst enemy.• Many drivers are their own worst enemy -- driving too close, driving too fast, all the usual faults.• You could say that Gilly is her own worst enemy.• My mother was her own worst enemy. She knew she was ill but she did nothing to help herself.• People are their own worst enemies.• To what extent would she say she was her own worst enemy?• Players can be real snobs about names, too, so they are their own worst enemies.• In other words, we are our own worst enemy.
6  public enemy number one informal someone famous who has done something bad and who a lot of people do not like 头号公敌
 His views made him public enemy number one in the eyes of the media.
他的观点使他成为媒体眼中的头号公敌。
Examples from the Corpus
public enemy number one• Rats have been branded public enemy No. 1 in Bangladesh.• Taylor has turned into public enemy number one.• She had done nothing wrong, yet between them Rourke and Rebecca were making her feel like public enemy number one.
7  the enemy within people in a society etc that other people think are trying to secretly destroy or damage it 〔试图在暗地里搞破坏活动的〕内部敌人，内奸
 efforts to label environmentalists as the enemy within
想给环境保护论者贴上“内奸”标签的行为
Examples from the Corpus
the enemy within• But he's now an associate fellow at Templeton College in Oxford ... so is he viewed as the enemy within.• Chapter 1 focuses on current efforts to label the poor, specifically poor women, as the enemy within.
8  CHANGE/MAKE something DIFFERENTif one thing is the enemy of another, the second thing cannot exist because the first thing destroys it 克星，大敌
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1,2 & 3
adjectives
a great enemy
Henry prepared to fight his great enemy, the king of France.
a main/biggest/greatest enemy
Terrorism is our country’s main enemy.
an arch enemy (=main enemy, used for emphasis)
The comic book character Lex Luthor is Superman’s arch enemy.
bitter enemies (=enemies who hate each other very much)
When these former friends quarrelled over money, they became bitter enemies.
sworn enemies (=enemies who will always hate each other)
The men have been sworn enemies for many years.
a formidable enemy (=a very powerful enemy)
The North Vietnamese army proved to be a formidable enemy.
deadly enemies (=enemies who try to harm each other as much as possible)
France and Germany, once deadly enemies, are now partners in the European Union.
an old/traditional enemy (=one you have had a long time)
In 1548, Scotland moved towards an alliance with her traditional enemy, England.
a common enemy (=one shared by groups of people)
We must work together against the common enemy.
a political enemy
the prime minister’s political enemies
verbs
make enemies (=become unfriendly with people)
During her long and turbulent career, she made many enemies.
defend/protect yourself from your enemies
Our country has a right to protect itself from its enemies.
defeat the enemy
We will never defeat our enemies unless we stop fighting each other.
nouns
an enemy force (=a military group that is your enemy)
The town is occupied by enemy forces.
an enemy position (=a place controlled by an enemy army)
General Hunt ordered an air strike on the enemy positions.
phrases
behind enemy lines (=behind the edge of an area that is controlled by an enemy army)
Men from the First Airborne Division were dropped behind enemy lines.
n THESAURUS
person
enemy someone who does not like you because you have had a big disagreement with them in the past or someone who opposes you in business or politics
If that’s how he treats his friends, I’d hate to be his enemy.
In business, it’s best not to make too many enemies.
adversary formal an enemy
When he retired, he was replaced by his old adversary.
He made the fatal mistake of underestimating his adversary.
foe literary an enemy
A guard called out ‘Who goes there – friend or foe?’
his former foes
arch enemy someone’s main enemy
In the movie, Batman goes into battle with his arch enemy the Joker.
opponent someone you are competing against, for example in a sports game, competition, or election
You win the game if you are left with more cards than your opponent.
He is admired even by his political opponents.
nemesis written an enemy or opponent that is impossible to defeat – a rather formal use
In the final, he met his old nemesis, Rafael Nadal.
country/army
enemy a country or army that you are fighting against in a war
Soldiers who were captured by the enemy suffered terribly.
foe written an enemy
The Russian Army were a formidable foe.
Examples from the Corpus
enemy• And still there was not a scrap of information about enemy naval forces.• You cannot attack an enemy unless you have precise information about their numbers and position.• an enemy of the Jewish people• The detective wanted to know whether the dead man had had any enemies.• Did your husband have any enemies?• Britain and France decided to unite and fight against their common enemy.• Fatigue had made him slothful, and now he'd let his enemies get dangerously close.• If I didn't have that curiosity I would walk into enemy lines and let myself be killed.• One man was ordered to observe enemy aircraft and to warn when danger was imminent.• Even though these soldiers were our enemies, I felt desperately sorry for them.• the president's political enemies were quick to denounce him.• The new religion considered the body, and its animal desires, as the enemy of true reason.• And because the enemies should be allies, the clash is poignant.• They accused him of giving secret information to the enemy.• The enemy should be totally unaware of their arrival.• the enemies of democracy• My parents sometimes seem to treat me as if I was their enemy.• As a consequence the houseworker stands indicted as the worst enemy the environment has.
natural enemies• In the wild, the pair would be natural enemies.• The pesticide killed off weevils and other insects, leaving the army worm to multiply unchecked by its natural enemies.• The doctrine rested on the assumption that the country had no natural enemies and advanced no territorial claims on its neighbours.• Much more can be done to improve the conservation of natural enemies in the field.• But few insecticides now marketed are adequately selective, so some natural enemies are invariably killed.• Reactive techniques like reorganization, retrenchment, and restriction are the natural enemies of organizational innovation.• The plant toxin renders both the caterpillar and the adult butterfly particularly repellent to natural enemies.
enemy forces/aircraft/territory etc• Tanimizu is said to have shot down 32 enemy aircraft.• Should our carriers become separated during attacks by enemy aircraft, they will endeavor to remain within visual touch.• Bosnia, it has been determined by some one, is considered enemy territory.• Delight died at six thirty-eight a.m. when the first enemy aircraft appeared from the west.• Then further enemy aircraft arrived and bombed and strafed the patrol for several hours.• It later was further attenuated by including anyone killed or wounded in enemy territory, excluding the requirement of combat.• Allied spokesmen make light of the fact that so many enemy aircraft remain intact.• Probably due to the confusion no one thought of asking the radar station at Opana in which direction the enemy aircraft headed.
Origin enemy
(1200-1300) Old French enemi, from Latin inimicus, from amicus “friend”
en·e·my noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 1860 COCA: 1596
enemy

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + ENEMY | ENEMY + VERB | ENEMY + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤bitter, deadly, great, implacable, mortal, sworn仇敵；死敵；強敵；勢不兩立的敵人；不共戴天的敵人➤biggest, worst頭號敵人▸➤dangerous, formidable, powerful危險的／可怕的／強大的敵人▸➤chief, main, principal主要敵人◇The lion is the zebra's chief enemy.獅子對斑馬造成的威脅很大。➤ancient, old, traditional老對手；宿敵◇In today's game England play their old enemy, Scotland.今天的比賽中，英格蘭隊將和他們的老對手蘇格蘭隊對陣。◇Iraq's traditional enemy, Iran伊拉克的宿敵伊朗➤real, true真正的敵人▸➤common公敵◇They united in the face of a common enemy.面對共同的敵人，他們聯合起來了。➤natural天敵◇The church and the Communist Party were natural enemies.教會和共產黨是天敵。➤perceived假想敵➤invisible, unseen看不見的敵人➤potential潛在的敵人➤external, foreign外敵▸➤political政敵VERB + ENEMY➤have有敵人◇She didn't have an enemy in the world.在這世界上她一個敵人也沒有。➤make樹敵◇He made many enemies during his brief reign.他在短暫的統治期內樹敵眾多。◇I didn't want to make an enemy of Mr Evans.我不想和埃文斯先生為敵。➤attack, fight, fight against襲擊敵人；與敵作戰◇He was prepared to use any weapon to fight against his enemies.他已準備好採取一切手段對付敵人。➤defeat, destroy, eliminate, kill打敗／擊垮／消滅／殺掉敵人▸➤confront, engage, face, meet面臨敵手；與敵人交戰；面對敵人；迎敵◇He turned to face his enemy.他轉過身來面對敵人。➤know瞭解敵人◇It is important to know your enemy.瞭解敵人很重要。➤defend sth against, protect sb/sth against, protect sb/sth from保衞⋯免遭敵人攻擊；保護⋯不受敵人傷害◇The cat uses its claws to protect itself against enemies.那隻貓用爪子保護自己，抵禦敵人。➤deter阻截敵人◇The skunk releases a pungent smell to deter the enemy.臭鼬釋放出刺鼻的氣味阻止敵人靠近。ENEMY + VERB➤attack sb/sth敵人攻擊⋯ENEMY + NOUN➤army, forces, soldiers, troops, unit敵軍；敵對軍隊；敵兵；敵軍部隊▸➤defences, lines, positions, ranks敵軍防禦工事／防線／陣地／隊列◇The spies managed to penetrate behind enemy lines.那些間諜成功穿過了敵軍防線。➤camp敵營▸➤action, attack, bombing, fire敵方行動／襲擊／轟炸／炮火◇the first casualty from enemy action在敵軍行動中的首批傷亡將士◇The men came under enemy fire.士兵們受到敵人炮火的攻擊。➤activity敵軍活動◇Intelligence reported enemy activity just off the coast.情報人員報告說敵軍在沿海附近活動。➤country, territory敵國；敵方領土▸➤aircraft, fighter, plane, ship, tank敵機；敵方戰鬥機；敵艦；敵方坦克➤missile, weapon敵方導彈／武器▸➤propaganda敵方宣傳➤prisoner敵方俘虜➤target敵方目標PREPOSITION➤against an/the enemy抗敵◇They decided to use the weapon against the enemy.他們決定以武力禦敵。➤enemy of⋯的敵人◇an enemy of God上帝的敵人PHRASES➤your own worst enemy自己最大的敵人◇Some dancers become their own worst enemies, criticizing themselves for every imperfection.一些舞者總是因每一處不完美而責備自己，成了他們自己最大的敵人。➤fall into enemy hands落入敵方手中◇The document must not at any price fall into enemy hands.無論付出什麼代價，文件都不能落入敵手。➤in the face of the enemy在敵人面前◇He was shot for desertion in the face of the enemy.他在面臨敵人進攻時當逃兵，被槍決了。➤an enemy of the State國家公敵◇Thousands of perceived enemies of the State were imprisoned.數以千計被認為是國家公敵的人遭到囚禁。➤public enemy公敵◇Since the scandal he has become public enemy number one (= very unpopular).自從這個醜聞發生後他就成了頭號公敵。
BNC: 1860 COCA: 1596
enemy

noun

enemy ♦︎ competitor ♦︎ rival ♦︎ opponent ♦︎ the opposition ♦︎ the competition ♦︎ foe ♦︎ adversaryThese are all words for a person, group or country that fights, opposes or competes with sb/sth. 这些词均表示敌人、对手或竞争者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a competitor / rival for sth◆against an enemy / a competitor / a rival / an opponent / the opposition / the competition / a foe / an adversary◆the main enemy / competitor / rival / opponent / opposition / competition / adversary◆a formidable / worthy enemy / competitor / rival / opponent / foe / adversary◆an old enemy / rival / opponent / foe / adversary◆a dangerous enemy / rival / opponent / foe / adversary◆bitter enemies / rivals / opponents / foes◆to have an enemy / a competitor / a rival / an opponent / a foe◆to face an enemy / an opponent / the opposition / the competition / a foe◆to fight an enemy / an opponent / the opposition / a foe◆to defeat an enemy / a rival / the opposition / a foe / an adversary■ enemy [countable] a person who hates sb or who acts or speaks against sb/sth 敌人；仇人；反对者◆After just one day, she had already made an enemy of her manager.才刚过一天她就已经与经理为敌了。◆They used to be friends but now they are sworn enemies.他们曾经是朋友，如今成了不共戴天的仇敌。◆Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests.鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。ⓘ The enemy [singular + singular or plural verb] is a country that you are fighting a war against or the armed forces of this country. * the enemy（单数名词，谓语动词可单可复）指敌国或敌军◆The enemy was forced to retreat.敌军被迫撤退。In this meaning enemy is also often used before another noun. 表达此义时，enemy也常用在另一名词前◆enemy aircraft敌机◆to go behind enemy lines绕到敌后 OPP ally ⇨ partner 1 , friend ⇨ friend ⓘ A person who has the same interests and opinions as yourself, and who will help and support you is your friend. * friend指与你兴趣、观点相同，能帮助和支持你的人◆You're among friends here－you can speak freely.这些人都是朋友，尽管说吧。 ■ competitor kəmˈpetɪtə(r) [countable] a company or organization that competes against others, especially in business （尤指商业）竞争者，对手◆The company has no serious competitors.这家公司没有重大的竞争对手。  see also compete ⇨ compete ■ rival ˈraɪvl [countable] a person, company or thing that competes with others for the same thing or in the same area 竞争对手◆They were rivals in love.他们是情敌。◆Grand it may be, but this cathedral is no rival to the great cathedral of Amiens.这座主教堂虽然非常宏伟，但却不敌亚眠大教堂。◆The Japanese are our biggest economic rivals.日本人是我们经济上最大的竞争对手。▸ rival

adjective

 [only before noun] ◆a rival bid / claim / offer竞标；对立的权利诉求；竞价◆He was shot by a member of a rival gang.他被敌对帮派的人开枪击中。■ opponent [countable] a person who disagrees strongly with sb else and tries to argue against them; a person who fights or competes with sb in politics, business or sport 反对者；对手；竞争者◆As a man he was greatly respected, even by his political opponents.他非常受人尊崇，甚至连他的政敌也很尊敬他。◆He drew his sword and turned to face his opponent.他拔出剑，转身面向他的对手。  see also oppose ⇨ oppose ■ the opposition [singular + singular or plural verb] the people you are competing against in business, a competition or a game, etc. （生意、竞争或比赛等的）对手，敌手，竞争者◆He's gone to work for the opposition.他去为竞争对手工作了。■ the competition [singular + singular or plural verb] the people who are competing against sb in business or sport （生意或竞技的）竞争者，对手◆We'll be able to assess the competition at the conference.我们可以在大会上对竞争对手进行评估。   see also compete ⇨ compete ■ foe fəʊ; NAmE foʊ [countable] (old-fashioned or formal) an enemy 敌人；仇敌◆He knew that Burton could be an implacable foe.他清楚伯顿可能是他的死敌。◆She was unsure yet whether he was friend or foe.她还不肯定他是敌是友。 OPP friend ⇨ partner ■ adversary ˈædvəsəri; NAmE ædvərseri [countable] (formal) a person that sb is opposed to and competing with in an argument or fighting against in a battle （辩论或战斗的）敌手，对手◆The two of them were old adversaries.这俩人是老对手了。
BNC: 1860 COCA: 1596

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