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BNC: 1860 COCA: 1596

enemy

Related topics: Military
en·e·my /ˈenəmi/ ●●● W2 noun (plural enemies) [countableC]  
1  ENEMYsomeone who hates you and wants to harm you 敌人，仇敌
 She’s a dangerous enemy to have.
与她为敌很危险。
 Cats and dogs have always been natural enemies.
猫和狗向来是天敌。
 an old enemy of her father
她父亲的一个宿敌
make an enemy (of somebody)
 a ruthless businessman who made a lot of enemies
一个树敌众多的无情商人
 the unforgettable sight of the president shaking hands with his sworn enemy (=an enemy you will always hate)
董事长与其死敌握手的难忘情景
somebody’s worst enemy (=the person they hate most) 某人的死对头
 I wouldn’t wish this on my worst enemy.
即使是我的死对头，我也不愿看到他发生这样的事情。
2  AGAINST/OPPOSEsomeone who opposes or competes against you 反对者
 political enemies
政敌
 He was imprisoned for being ‘an enemy of the revolution’.
他作为“革命的敌人”被监禁了。
3  PMWAR (also the enemy) the country against which your country is fighting in a war 敌国
 He was accused of collaboration with the enemy.
他被控通敌。
enemy forces/aircraft/territory etc
 a town behind enemy lines
在敌后的城镇
5 GRAMMAR 语法
In British English, you can use either a singular verb or a plural verb after the enemy . 在英国英语中，the enemy后既可用单数动词，也可用复数动词
The enemy has ( OR have ) suffered a major defeat.
敌军遭到惨败。
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
The enemy is usually followed by a singular verb:
The enemy was defeated.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
The enemy were defeated.
4  something that people think is harmful or damaging 危害物
 The usual enemies, cigarettes and alcohol, are targeted for tax rises.
常见危害物，如香烟和酒类，将成为增税的对象。
 The common enemy that united them was communism.
把他们团结起来的共同敌人是贫穷。
5. be your own worst enemy PROBLEMto behave in a way that causes problems for yourself 自作自受，自己害自己
Examples from the Corpus
be your own worst enemy• My father was his own worst enemy.• Many drivers are their own worst enemy -- driving too close, driving too fast, all the usual faults.• You could say that Gilly is her own worst enemy.• My mother was her own worst enemy. She knew she was ill but she did nothing to help herself.• People are their own worst enemies.• To what extent would she say she was her own worst enemy?• Players can be real snobs about names, too, so they are their own worst enemies.• In other words, we are our own worst enemy.
6  public enemy number one informal someone famous who has done something bad and who a lot of people do not like 头号公敌
 His views made him public enemy number one in the eyes of the media.
他的观点使他成为媒体眼中的头号公敌。
Examples from the Corpus
public enemy number one• Rats have been branded public enemy No. 1 in Bangladesh.• Taylor has turned into public enemy number one.• She had done nothing wrong, yet between them Rourke and Rebecca were making her feel like public enemy number one.
7  the enemy within people in a society etc that other people think are trying to secretly destroy or damage it 〔试图在暗地里搞破坏活动的〕内部敌人，内奸
 efforts to label environmentalists as the enemy within
想给环境保护论者贴上“内奸”标签的行为
Examples from the Corpus
the enemy within• But he's now an associate fellow at Templeton College in Oxford ... so is he viewed as the enemy within.• Chapter 1 focuses on current efforts to label the poor, specifically poor women, as the enemy within.
8  CHANGE/MAKE something DIFFERENTif one thing is the enemy of another, the second thing cannot exist because the first thing destroys it 克星，大敌
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1,2 & 3
adjectives
a great enemy
Henry prepared to fight his great enemy, the king of France.
a main/biggest/greatest enemy
Terrorism is our country’s main enemy.
an arch enemy (=main enemy, used for emphasis)
The comic book character Lex Luthor is Superman’s arch enemy.
bitter enemies (=enemies who hate each other very much)
When these former friends quarrelled over money, they became bitter enemies.
sworn enemies (=enemies who will always hate each other)
The men have been sworn enemies for many years.
a formidable enemy (=a very powerful enemy)
The North Vietnamese army proved to be a formidable enemy.
deadly enemies (=enemies who try to harm each other as much as possible)
France and Germany, once deadly enemies, are now partners in the European Union.
an old/traditional enemy (=one you have had a long time)
In 1548, Scotland moved towards an alliance with her traditional enemy, England.
a common enemy (=one shared by groups of people)
We must work together against the common enemy.
a political enemy
the prime minister’s political enemies
verbs
make enemies (=become unfriendly with people)
During her long and turbulent career, she made many enemies.
defend/protect yourself from your enemies
Our country has a right to protect itself from its enemies.
defeat the enemy
We will never defeat our enemies unless we stop fighting each other.
nouns
an enemy force (=a military group that is your enemy)
The town is occupied by enemy forces.
an enemy position (=a place controlled by an enemy army)
General Hunt ordered an air strike on the enemy positions.
phrases
behind enemy lines (=behind the edge of an area that is controlled by an enemy army)
Men from the First Airborne Division were dropped behind enemy lines.
n THESAURUS
person
enemy someone who does not like you because you have had a big disagreement with them in the past or someone who opposes you in business or politics
If that’s how he treats his friends, I’d hate to be his enemy.
In business, it’s best not to make too many enemies.
adversary formal an enemy
When he retired, he was replaced by his old adversary.
He made the fatal mistake of underestimating his adversary.
foe literary an enemy
A guard called out ‘Who goes there – friend or foe?’
his former foes
arch enemy someone’s main enemy
In the movie, Batman goes into battle with his arch enemy the Joker.
opponent someone you are competing against, for example in a sports game, competition, or election
You win the game if you are left with more cards than your opponent.
He is admired even by his political opponents.
nemesis written an enemy or opponent that is impossible to defeat – a rather formal use
In the final, he met his old nemesis, Rafael Nadal.
country/army
enemy a country or army that you are fighting against in a war
Soldiers who were captured by the enemy suffered terribly.
foe written an enemy
The Russian Army were a formidable foe.
Examples from the Corpus
enemy• And still there was not a scrap of information about enemy naval forces.• You cannot attack an enemy unless you have precise information about their numbers and position.• an enemy of the Jewish people• The detective wanted to know whether the dead man had had any enemies.• Did your husband have any enemies?• Britain and France decided to unite and fight against their common enemy.• Fatigue had made him slothful, and now he'd let his enemies get dangerously close.• If I didn't have that curiosity I would walk into enemy lines and let myself be killed.• One man was ordered to observe enemy aircraft and to warn when danger was imminent.• Even though these soldiers were our enemies, I felt desperately sorry for them.• the president's political enemies were quick to denounce him.• The new religion considered the body, and its animal desires, as the enemy of true reason.• And because the enemies should be allies, the clash is poignant.• They accused him of giving secret information to the enemy.• The enemy should be totally unaware of their arrival.• the enemies of democracy• My parents sometimes seem to treat me as if I was their enemy.• As a consequence the houseworker stands indicted as the worst enemy the environment has.
natural enemies• In the wild, the pair would be natural enemies.• The pesticide killed off weevils and other insects, leaving the army worm to multiply unchecked by its natural enemies.• The doctrine rested on the assumption that the country had no natural enemies and advanced no territorial claims on its neighbours.• Much more can be done to improve the conservation of natural enemies in the field.• But few insecticides now marketed are adequately selective, so some natural enemies are invariably killed.• Reactive techniques like reorganization, retrenchment, and restriction are the natural enemies of organizational innovation.• The plant toxin renders both the caterpillar and the adult butterfly particularly repellent to natural enemies.
enemy forces/aircraft/territory etc• Tanimizu is said to have shot down 32 enemy aircraft.• Should our carriers become separated during attacks by enemy aircraft, they will endeavor to remain within visual touch.• Bosnia, it has been determined by some one, is considered enemy territory.• Delight died at six thirty-eight a.m. when the first enemy aircraft appeared from the west.• Then further enemy aircraft arrived and bombed and strafed the patrol for several hours.• It later was further attenuated by including anyone killed or wounded in enemy territory, excluding the requirement of combat.• Allied spokesmen make light of the fact that so many enemy aircraft remain intact.• Probably due to the confusion no one thought of asking the radar station at Opana in which direction the enemy aircraft headed.
Origin enemy
(1200-1300) Old French enemi, from Latin inimicus, from amicus “friend”
en·e·my noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1
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