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IELTS BNC: 114 COCA: 115

child

Word family 
child /tʃaɪld/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural children /ˈtʃɪldrən/) [countableC]  
1  toddler.jpg young person 小孩CHILD someone who is not yet an adult 儿童，小孩 SYN kid
 The hotel is ideal for families with young children.
这家宾馆对带小孩的家庭再合适不过。
 The film is not suitable for children under 12.
这部影片不适合12岁以下的儿童观看。
 I was very happy as a child (=when I was a child).
我小时候很幸福。
a child of five/eight etc
 For a child of five this was a terrifying experience.
对5岁的小孩来说这是一次可怕的经历。
 a famous writer of children’s books
著名的儿童文学作家
 child victims of war
战争受难儿童
2  son/daughter 儿子/女儿BABY/HAVE A BABY a son or daughter of any age 儿子；女儿；孩子
 I have five children, all happily married.
我有五个孩子，他们的婚姻都很幸福。
 She lives with her husband, Paul, and three grown-up children.
她和丈夫保罗及三个成年子女生活在一起。
 Annie had always wanted to get married and have children.
安妮一直想要结婚生子。
 Alex is an only child (=he has no brothers or sisters).
亚历克斯是独生子。
 Our youngest child, Sam, has just started university.
我们最小的孩子萨姆刚上大学。
eldest child 最大的孩子 especially British EnglishBrE, oldest child especially American EnglishAmE
 the decision to bring a child into the world (=have a baby)
生孩子的决定
3  SB influenced by an idea 受某想法影响的人EFFECT/INFLUENCE someone who is very strongly influenced by the ideas and attitudes of a particular period of history 深受〔某一历史时期观点、思想〕影响的人
child of
 a real child of the sixties
真正属于60年代的人
4  SB who is like a child 孩子气的人EXPERIENCED someone who behaves like a child and is not sensible or responsible – used to show disapproval 幼稚的人，行为像孩子的人〔含贬义〕
 She’s such a child!
她太幼稚了！
5  something is child’s play used to say that something is very easy to do 某事做起来很容易
 I’ve cooked for 200 people before now. So, tonight is child’s play by comparison.
以前我给200个人做过饭，相比之下今晚真是小菜一碟。
6. children should be seen and not heard APPROVEan expression meaning that children should be quiet and not talk – used when you disapprove of the way a child is behaving 大人说话小孩别插嘴〔要小孩安静的用语〕
7. be with child old useBABY/HAVE A BABY to be pregnant 怀孕
Examples from the Corpus
be with child• Because our dear Claire is with child by Byron.• I wonder how good he was with children?• It was for this reason that I had Zowie because I could see how he was with children.• The man had run off and I was with child.• And if he were mistaken, it was just possible that the lass was with child.• The main problem is with children diving on the floor which can lead to some one getting hurt.• He must have noticed that she was with child.• When friendships finally became possible for him they were with children of the lower orders.
8. be heavy/great with child old useBABY/HAVE A BABY to be nearly ready to give birth 即将临盆
Examples from the Corpus
be heavy/great with child• But my wife is great with child!
 COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + child
a four-year-old/ten-year-old etc child 四岁/十岁等的孩子
A four-year-old child should not be left on their own.
不应该让四岁的孩子独自一人待着。
a young child 年幼的孩子
Young children are naturally curious about the world.
小孩子天生对世界充满好奇。
a small child (=a young one) 小孩子
My family lived in France when I was a small child.
我小时候家住在法国。
na newborn child
He was holding the newborn child in his arms.
an unborn child (=a baby that is still inside its mother) 胎儿
Smoking can damage your unborn child.
吸烟会危害胎儿。
a spoilt/spoiled child (=allowed to do or have whatever he or she wants, and behaving badly) 被宠坏的孩子
He’s behaving like a spoilt child.
他的行为像一个被宠坏的孩子。
a gifted child (=extremely intelligent) 天才儿童
a special school for gifted children
天才儿童特殊学校
na bright child (=intelligent)
He was a bright child – always asking questions.
a good/bad child 好孩子/坏孩子
nBe a good child and sit down!
a naughty child (=doing things that are not allowed) 顽皮的孩子
He's behaving like a naughty child.
他的行为像一个被宠坏的孩子。
nan easy/difficult child (=easy or difficult to deal with)
Marcus was a very happy, easy child.
a problem child (=very difficult to deal with) 问题儿童
nProblem children may need to be removed from the classroom.
nan adopted child (=legally made part of a family that he or she was not born into)
I didn’t find out that I was an adopted child until years later.
nstreet children (=living on the streets because they have no homes)
The organization aims to help street children in Latin America.
verbs
bring up a child especially British EnglishBrE, raise a child especially American EnglishAmE 抚养孩子
The cost of bringing up a child has risen rapidly.
抚养孩子的成本激增。
a child is born 孩子出生
nMost children at born in hospital.
a child grows up 孩子长大
nOne in four children is growing up in poverty.
child + NOUN
child abuse (=treating children in a very bad way, especially sexually) （性）虐待儿童
He was arrested on suspicion of child abuse.
他因涉嫌虐待儿童而被捕。
child development 儿童成长
She’s an expert in child development.
她是儿童成长专家。
child labour British EnglishBrE, child labor American EnglishAmE (=the use of children as workers) 童工
The garments were made using child labour.
这些服装是由童工制作的。
 THESAURUS
child someone who is not yet an adult. You don’t usually use child to talk about babies or teenagers 孩子，儿童〔一般不用child指婴儿或青少年〕
Many children are scared of the dark.
许多小孩子怕黑。
He’s just a child.
他只是个孩子。
kid informal a child. Kid is the usual word to use in everyday spoken English 孩子，小孩〔日常口语里一般用kid〕
We left the kids in the car.
我们把孩子们留在车里。
little boy/little girl a young male or female child 小男孩/小女孩
I lived there when I was a little girl.
我还是个小女孩的时候就住在那里。
Little boys love dinosaurs.
小男孩喜欢恐龙。
teenager someone between the ages of 13 and 19 青少年，十几岁的孩子
There’s not much for teenagers to do around here.
十来岁的孩子在这里没什么事情可做。
adolescent a young person who is developing into an adult – used especially when talking about the problems these people have 青少年，青春期孩子〔尤用于谈论青春期问题〕
He changed from a cheerful child to a confused adolescent.
他从开朗的孩子变成了迷惘的小青年。
youth especially disapproving a teenage boy – especially one who is violent and commits crimes 小伙子，青少年〔尤指行为粗暴、从事犯罪活动的十几岁孩子〕
He was attacked by a gang of youths.
他遭到一帮青少年袭击。
a youth court
青少年法庭
nyoungster a child or young person – used especially by old people
You youngsters have got your whole life ahead of you.
He’s a bright youngster with a good sense of humour.
minor law someone who is not yet legally an adult 未成年人
It is illegal to sell alcohol to a minor.
向未成年人售酒是违法的。
Examples from the Corpus
child• Admission is $5, children under 12 are free.• Children under 14 travel free.• As a child, she preferred playing football with the boys to playing with dolls.• While growing up in North Carolina, Amos was considered a child prodigy on the piano.• When she was a child, she had invited her to stay.• For example a husband can make payments on behalf of his wife and children or viceversa.• That contrasts with three out of five Anglo children who use a computer at school.• Every child was given a present.• She named her first child Katrin.• Michael and Ronda had their first child last year.• an attractive, happy child• One of her children lives in Australia now.• But you know how children accept almost anything that grown ups tell them.• Work-inhibited children who enjoy good relationships with their parents are likely to find their own way.• How many children are there in your class?• How many children does Jane have?• Nationwide, only one in four cases of child abuse and neglect is reported.• Alexandra was an only child and the centre of her mother's world.• Logistics do: getting dinner, keeping house, overseeing child care, buying equipment.• The state will provide child care when both parents participate in the training program.• After her first baby was born, Barb read child development books constantly.• Roberta's second child weighed over four kilos at birth.• The house seems very quiet now that all the children have left home.• Medical staff, seeing that the child was in danger, decided to perform an operation.• And for the last 3 days, they've been living on the food they'd planned to give to the children.• I don't want children - I'm married to a child and that's enough.
as a child• Potentially explosive subtext -- Annie was sexually abused as a child -- is pretty much left in the background.• To stamp her feet as a child again.• He learned German as a child.• The third sister, Ankhsenpaaten, had been given as a child bride to Tutankhaten.• It was a habit he had had as a child.• You may have been abused or molested as a child.• Ideas of space and shape, as children fit or match or choose shapes and so on, will be involved.• Carter stuttered as a child and burns now with an eloquence that takes him over from time to time.
grown-up children• She was 46 with 3 grown-up children.• Anyway, the daughter now has grown-up children and is living in Launceston.• She lives in Thames Ditton with her husband, Paul and three grown-up children.• Mr Morgan, who was married with three grown-up children, had returned briefly to school after a period of illness.• A native of Wexford, Joe is married with two grown-up children.• Thirty years on, with two grown-up children, they're still together.
child of• I am a child of the forties, of radio and World War II.
such a child• Instead of suffering on behalf of that poor betrayed girl, she should be fighting for all such children.• Mr Round believes such children should be expelled, and kept out of main-stream education for good.• The structure that comes with limit setting helps such a child stay organized and focused.• By the year 2000, experts in the field think the number of such children will reach 15 million.• It does not take long for a teacher of such a child to stop trying to be helpful.• You know what name is tacked on to such a child.• No one ever turned up such a child, whose existence seems to have been yet another figment of fertile right-wing imaginations.• Families with such children are sometimes in a moral trap.
Origin child
Old English cild
child noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 114 COCA: 115
child

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CHILD | CHILD + VERB | CHILD + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤little, small, young小孩◇My father died while I was still a small child.我還是個小孩子的時候父親就去世了。➤newborn新生兒▸➤teenage十幾歲的孩子◇We have three teenage children.我們有 3 個十來歲的孩子。➤preschool, school-aged學齡前／學齡兒童➤adult, grown, grown-up (especially BrE) 成年的孩子▸➤good, obedient, well-behaved好孩子；聽話的孩子；規矩的孩子▸➤aggressive, delinquent, difficult, disobedient, fractious, mischievous, naughty, problem, sulky, unruly, wayward, wilful/willful攻擊性強的孩子；失足少年；難管教的孩子；不聽話的孩子；脾氣急躁的孩子；淘氣的孩子；調皮的孩子；問題兒童；愛生悶氣的孩子；不守規矩的孩子；倔強的孩子；任性的孩子◇He's always been a problem child.他一直是個問題兒童。◇The children were quite unruly and ran around the house as if they owned it.孩子們很不守規矩，在房子裏跑來跑去，像是在自己家裏一樣。➤bright, gifted, intelligent, precocious聰明的／有天分的／聰穎的／早熟的孩子◇a school for gifted children天才兒童學校◇What a precocious child－reading Jane Austen at the age of ten!這孩子真是早慧 －10 歲就讀簡・奧斯丁的作品！➤dull, slow呆傻的／遲鈍的孩子◇Teaching is particularly difficult when a class contains both slow and bright children.要是一個班裏既有遲鈍的孩子又有聰明的孩子，教起來就特別難。➤abandoned, abused, at-risk, maltreated, neglected被遺棄的孩子；受虐待的孩子；有危險的孩子；無人照管的孩子◇therapy for sexually abused children對遭受性虐待的孩子的治療➤disadvantaged, needy, starving, underprivileged生活條件差的孩子；貧困兒童；飢餓的孩子；處於弱勢的兒童➤spoiled被寵壞的孩子▸➤sickly多病的孩子➤asthmatic, autistic, disabled, dyslexic, hyperactive, etc.患哮喘的孩子、自閉症患兒、殘疾兒童、患誦讀困難的孩子、多動症患兒等➤special-needs（因智力或身體有缺陷而）有特殊需要的兒童➤innocent天真的孩子▸➤loving充滿愛心的孩子▸➤only獨生子；獨生女◇It was a little lonely being an only child.獨生子女有點兒孤單。➤eldest, first-born最年長的孩子；頭生子／頭生女▸➤fatherless, motherless, orphaned失去父親的孩子；失去母親的孩子；孤兒➤adopted收養的孩子▸➤bastard (usually figurative) , illegitimate私生子；非婚生子◇the bastard child of romantic fiction and horror浪漫小說與恐怖故事的私生子➤unborn未出生子女◇the rights of the unborn child未出生子女的權利➤dependent受撫養子女◇tax concessions for families with dependent children對有子女要撫養的家庭的稅收減免➤street流浪兒童◇There are a lot of street children in the poorer parts of the city.在城裏比較貧困的地段有很多流浪兒童。➤biracial, mixed-race雙種族混血兒；多種族混血兒➤minority少數民族兒童VERB + CHILD➤have有孩子◇How many children do you have?你有幾個孩子？➤bear, give birth to, have生孩子◇She didn't have her first child until she was nearly forty.她快到 40 歲才生了第一個孩子。➤father成為孩子的父親▸➤conceive懷上孩子◇We had trouble conceiving our first child.我們懷第一個孩子時不太順利。➤expect懷着孩子◇They are expecting a child in June.他們的孩子將在 6 月份出生。➤adopt, foster收養孩子➤lose失去孩子◇She couldn't imagine the pain of losing a child at birth.她無法想像分娩時失去孩子的痛苦。➤bring up, raise, rear撫養孩子；養育孩子◇He had old-fashioned ideas on how to bring up children.他在如何養育孩子方面還是舊觀念。➤indulge, pamper, spoil縱容／嬌慣／溺愛孩子◇You can't spoil a child by giving it all the affection it wants.你不能這樣慣孩子，他要怎樣的寵愛你就給怎樣的寵愛。➤love, nurture愛孩子；養育孩子➤maltreat, neglect虐待／疏於照料孩子➤educate, home-school, teach教育孩子；在家教育孩子；教孩子➤discipline, punish, scold管教／懲罰／批評孩子▸➤abandon遺棄孩子▸➤abduct, kidnap誘拐／綁架孩子➤abuse, molest虐待／猥褻兒童➤immunize, vaccinate給孩子接種疫苗CHILD + VERB➤be born孩子出生◇Their first child was born with a rare heart condition.他們的第一個孩子出生時有罕見的心臟病。➤develop, grow, grow up孩子發育／成長／長大◇Children grow up so quickly!孩子們長得可真快！◇good food for growing children有利於孩子發育的食物➤cry, scream, whimper, whine孩子哭泣／尖叫／抽泣／哭哭啼啼▸➤misbehave孩子沒規矩CHILD + NOUN➤actor, bride, soldier, star兒童演員；娃娃新娘；娃娃兵；童星➤prodigy神童➤development兒童發育◇the emotional connections which ensure healthy child development確保兒童健康發育的情感聯繫➤custody對孩子的監護權◇a child custody dispute between divorced parents離異父母之間的子女監護權之爭➤support（子女）撫養費◇After they divorced, he refused to pay child support.他們離婚後，他拒絕支付孩子的撫養費。➤labour/labor童工➤prostitution童妓➤pornography兒童色情➤abuse, molestation對兒童的虐待；猥褻兒童➤abuser, killer, molester虐待兒童者；兒童殺手；猥褻兒童者➤abduction誘拐兒童➤psychiatrist, psychologist兒童精神病專家／心理學專家▸➤protection, safety, services, welfare兒童保護／安全／服務／福利PREPOSITION➤with child (literary) 懷有身孕◇big with child (= pregnant) 身懷六甲
IELTS BNC: 114 COCA: 115
child noun
⇨ child (a three-year-old child) ⇨ son (She has three children.) child

noun

  ➡ See also the entries for girl and son 另见girl条和son条child ♦︎ boy ♦︎ girl ♦︎ baby ♦︎ kid ♦︎ infant ♦︎ youngster ♦︎ toddler ♦︎ minor ♦︎ brat ♦︎ juniorThese are all words for a young person who is not yet an adult. 这些词均表示孩子、未成年人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a young child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a little child / boy / girl / baby / kid / brat◆a small / good / naughty child / boy / girl / baby / kid◆a healthy / normal child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a bright / local child / boy / girl / kid / youngster◆a difficult child / boy / baby / toddler◆a spoilt / spoiled child / kid / brat◆to look after / take care of a child / baby / kid◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant / youngster / toddler learns sth◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster / toddler / junior plays◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster grows (up)■ child (plural children) [countable] a young person who is not yet an adult 儿童；小孩◆a child of three / a three-year-old child三岁小孩◆men, women and children男人、女人和儿童◆I lived in London as a child.我小时候住在伦敦。◆The group campaigns for the rights of the unborn child.那个团体为未出生婴儿争取权利。◆She was a child star but never made it as an adult.她曾是童星，成年后却默默无闻。OPP adult , grown-up ⇨ adult adj.   see also child ⇨ son ■ boy [countable] a male child 男孩◆The older boys at school used to tease him.学校里大一些的男生过去常常取笑他。◆Be a good boy and get me my coat.乖孩子，把我的外衣拿来。OPP girl   see also boy ⇨ son ■ girl [countable] a female child 女孩◆She's a bright little girl.她是个聪明伶俐的小姑娘。OPP boy   see also girl ⇨ girl , girl ⇨ son ■ baby [countable] a very young child, especially from birth until it starts to walk 婴儿（尤指从出生到会走路的阶段）◆The baby's crying!婴儿在哭！◆He just broke down and cried like a baby.他禁不住像个孩子似的失声痛哭。◆The illness is common in newborn babies and is easily treated.这是新生儿的常见病，很容易治好。  see also baby ⇨ son ■ kid [countable] (informal, especially spoken) a child 小孩◆He's only a kid. You can't expect him to understand what's going on.他只是个小孩子，你不能指望他理解出了什么事。◆A bunch of kids were hanging around outside.一群孩子在外面闲逛。   see also kid ⇨ son NOTE 辨析 Child or kid? Kid is much more frequent than child in informal and spoken American English. A kid can also be older than a child: you can talk about a kid of 15 but people generally stop being called children at around the age of 12. Above that age you can call them kids, teenagers, young people, girls, youths or lads. 在美式非正式用语和口语中，kid比child常用得多。kid可以比child年龄大，可以说a kid of 15（一个15岁的孩子），但一般12岁左右时便不再称为child。12岁以上可以称为kid、teenager、young person、girl、youth或lad。■ infant ˈɪnfənt [countable] (formal or technical 术语) a baby or very young child 婴儿；幼儿◆We studied newborn infants up to two months old.我们研究了出生两个月以内的新生儿。◆The country has an appallingly high infant mortality rate.这个国家的婴儿死亡率高得令人震惊。ⓘ In the British and Australian education systems infant is also the word for a child at school between the ages of four and seven. 在英国和澳大利亚的教育体制中，infant也指四到七岁的学童◆The majority of infant teachers are women.大多数幼儿教师是女性。◆I've known her since we were in the infants (= at infant school).从幼儿学校时我就认识她了。 ■ youngster [countable] (informal) a child or young person 少年；儿童；年轻人◆The camp is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.这次夏令营是为8到14岁的少年儿童安排的。■ toddler [countable] a young child who has only recently learnt to walk 学步的儿童◆She was left at home with a toddler and a four-month-old baby to care for.她给留在家里照顾一个蹒跚学步的孩子和一个四个月大的婴儿。■ minor [countable] (law 法律) a young person who is under the age at which you legally become an adult and are responsible for your actions 未成年人◆It is an offence to serve alcohol to minors.向未成年人提供含酒精饮料是违法行为。◆He was jailed for having sex with a minor.他因与未成年人发生性行为而入狱。 OPP adult ⇨ adult ■ brat [countable] (informal, disapproving) a person, especially a child, who behaves badly 不守规矩的人；（尤指）顽童◆He's a spoilt little brat!他是个被宠坏了的捣蛋鬼！■ junior [countable] (BrE) (in sport) a young person below a particular age, rather than an adult; a child at school in Britain between the ages of 7 and 11 青少年运动员；（英国）7到11岁的学童◆At 16, he's still eligible to play for the juniors.16岁时，他还有资格参加青少年组的比赛。◆Sam is going to be a junior next year.萨姆明年就要上学了。◆a junior school小学
IELTS BNC: 114 COCA: 115

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