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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4228 COCA: 3217

sanction

Word family 
Related topics: Government
sanc·tion1 /ˈsæŋkʃən/ ●○○ noun  
1  sanctions [plural]PPP official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes 〔对某国的〕制裁 → embargo
sanctions against
 US sanctions against Cuba
美国对古巴的制裁
 a resolution to impose sanctions (=start using sanctions) on North Korea
对朝鲜实施制裁的决议
 the threat of trade sanctions
贸易制裁的威胁
 The UN Security Council may impose economic sanctions.
联合国安理会可能会实施经济制裁。
 Any talk about lifting sanctions (=ending them) is premature.
现时就谈取消制裁为时过早。
Examples from the Corpus
economic sanctions• Almost 10 years of bombing and economic sanctions have taken an enormous toll.• Unfortunately, never in contemporary history have economic sanctions felled a regime, no matter how weak.• Finally, the courts have ruled that school boards can impose economic sanctions on teachers who go on strike.• But what enables a state to resist the effects of economic sanctions?
2  [uncountableU] formalPGLET/ALLOW official permission, approval, or acceptance 正式许可，批准，接受 SYN approval
 Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.
这名助理的所作所为显然未经过白宫的批准。
3  [countableC] formalSCC a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law 处罚，惩罚 SYN punishment
 the harshest possible sanction which could be imposed
可能采取的最严厉的处罚
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + sanctions
economic/trade sanctions
The United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.
international sanctions
International sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.
tough/strict sanctions (=severe)
Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.
verbs
impose sanctions (=start using them)
The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.
lift sanctions (=stop using them)
Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.
ease sanctions (=make them less strict)
The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.
enforce sanctions (=make sure they are obeyed)
The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.
break/violate sanctions (=send something to another country when this is not allowed)
Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.
Examples from the Corpus
sanction• This confidence was given a democratic sanction in the referendum of 28 September 1958.• He acted without religious or government sanction.• Polanyi would propose a world environment organisation with the right to impose sanctions on countries that refuse to cut emissions.• Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.• Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.• Mijic said his paper is facing an inner wall of sanctions, however.• Such sanctions are likely to make the child angry.• Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.• When I was there they were desperate for one and anxious that the sanctions should be lifted.
sanction2 ●○○ verb [transitiveT] formal  
1  LET/ALLOWto officially accept or allow something 批准，准许 SYN approve
 The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage.
教会拒绝批准国王的第二次婚姻。
► see thesaurus at allow
2  be sanctioned by something formal ACCEPTto be made acceptable by something 为某事物所认可
 a barbaric custom, but one sanctioned by long usage
一种野蛮但由来已久的风俗
Examples from the Corpus
be sanctioned by something• The social hierarchy was determined by birth and sanctioned by religion.• The right of some one to exercise power is sanctioned by the organisation's rules.
Examples from the Corpus
sanction• There can be no art movement of the last 200 years that he has failed to sanction.• Nevertheless, extreme vigilance and monitoring are still needed each time a new product is sanctioned for release into the environment.• Gambling will be not be sanctioned in any form.• Allowing them to make such a decision does not sanction it - far from it.• When used to sanction official disapproval of the Third Reich, this approach is unlikely to be controversial.• This judicial readiness to sanction rescue was revised in post-war years in the light of Bowlby's work on maternal deprivation.• Sefton council will consider whether to sanction the operation.• They gave away small parcels, and even sanctioned the right to buy and sell property in the 1993 constitution.• Rabin told the Knesset that while he had sanctioned the use of force, he had never given illegal orders.
From Longman Business Dictionary
sanctionsanc·tion /ˈsæŋkʃən/ noun
1sanctions [plural]ECONOMICS official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country as a way of forcing political changes
sanctions against
The US imposed tough trade sanctions against Cuba.
The UN security council unanimously refused to lift economic sanctions.
2[countableC]LAW a punishment for disobeying a rule or law
The most severe sanction the panel could recommend is expulsion from the Senate.
3[countableC] official permission or approval
The proposals are subject to the official sanction of the Council.
—sanction verb [transitiveT]
Shareholders must sanction donations to political parties before they are made.
Origin sanction1
(1400-1500) Old French Latin sanctio, from sancire; → SAINT
sanc·tion1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1sanction2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4228 COCA: 3217
sanction

noun¹

 1(usually sanctions) punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + SANCTION | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤economic, financial, military, trade經濟／金融／軍事／貿易制裁▸➤civil, criminal, disciplinary民事制裁；刑事制裁；紀律處罰▸➤legal, penal, social法律制裁；刑事制裁；社會懲戒▸➤international, UN國際／聯合國制裁▸➤severe, strict嚴厲的處罰▸➤punitive懲罰性制裁▸➤effective有效的懲罰VERB + SANCTION➤apply, enforce, impose, use施以處罰；執行制裁；實施制裁；運用處罰▸➤end, lift結束／解除制裁▸➤call for要求制裁➤threaten威脅要制裁PREPOSITION➤sanction against對⋯的懲罰◇The UN called for sanctions against the invading country.聯合國要求對侵略國進行制裁。◇There were strict sanctions against absenteeism.曠工會受到嚴厲處分。➤sanction for為⋯的懲罰◇Employers imposed heavy sanctions for union activity.雇主對工會活動實施重罰。PHRASES➤the imposition of sanctions制裁的實施▸➤the lifting of sanctions制裁的解除▸➤a threat of sanctions制裁的威脅
sanction

noun²

 2official permission正式批准ADJECTIVE | VERB + SANCTION | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤government, official政府／官方批准◇The movement was first given official sanction in the 1960s.該運動於 20 世紀 60 年代首次獲得了官方首肯。➤divine, religious上天的／宗教認可VERB + SANCTION➤give sth給予⋯許可◇The conference gave its official sanction to the change of policy.大會正式批准了政策的改變。PREPOSITION➤with sb/sth's sanction, without sb/sth's sanction經過／未經⋯的許可◇No decision can be taken without the sanction of the committee.未經委員會的許可，不得作出任何決定。
sanction

verb

ADVERB | VERB + SANCTION ADVERB➤officially正式批准▸➤legally, socially法律／社會認可◇Slavery was once socially sanctioned.蓄奴制曾經受到社會認可。➤divinely上天認可VERB + SANCTION➤refuse to拒絕批准
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4228 COCA: 3217
sanction noun
⇨ bansanction verb
⇨ allow
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4228 COCA: 3217

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