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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902

firm

Word family 
firm1 /fɜːm $ fɜːrm/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [countableC]  
1 COMPANYa business or company, especially a small one 〔尤指小型的〕公司，商行，事务所
electronics/advertising/law etc firm
 She works for an electronics firm.
她在一家电子公司工作。
a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc
 Kevin is with a firm of accountants in Birmingham.
凯文在伯明翰的一家会计师事务所工作。
► see thesaurus at company
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + firm
a large/big firm
He is managing director of a large firm.
a small firm
He trained with a small firm in Cardiff.
a medium-sized firm
The law will not effect medium-sized firms with less than 100 employees.
an engineering/building/electronics etc firm
Fred worked for an electronics firm.
a law/accounting/advertising etc firm
She was offered a job with a law firm.
a British/American Swiss etc firm
British firms are competing with a number of foreign companies.
a local firm
The equipment was supplied by a local firm.
a foreign firm
There has been renewed competition from foreign firms.
a family firm
The business grew from a small family firm into a large company.
phrases
a firm of solicitors/accountants/surveyors etc
Ms Shaw is a partner in a firm of solicitors.
verbs
work for a firm
Chris has been working for this firm for nearly 20 years.
join a firm
He joined the firm when he was in his early twenties.
leave a firm
She left the firm in 2007.
a firm employs somebody
The firm employs more than 200 people.
a firm produces something
Our firm produces computer software for the business market.
a firm supplies something
The firm supplies office furniture to local businesses.
Examples from the Corpus
firm• Edward got a job with a firm of accountants in London.• Hanson decided to start his own management consulting firm.• Now his firm has been axed from school duties in Swansea and faces prosecution.• She works for a law firm in Amsterdam.• But while workers in food factories are regularly inspected, sandwiches are often made by small firms and even one-man-bands.• Paid holidays are 25 percent fewer in small firms and only half of this allowance is actually taken.• But what followed was usually at least embarrassing for the firms, and quite often the disclosures provoked international action.• She moved to Federated late last year to help the firm set up a new emerging markets fund.• Harris joined the firm in 1992.• The firm then reimbursed the fund for the $ 200,000 it had received from the fund for legal costs.• When defaults proliferate, as they do during and after recessions, the two firms wield enormous clout in financial markets.
a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc• It arose out of an action for professional negligence against a firm of accountants, but the person bringing the action went bankrupt.• This raises the question of whether a partnership, such as a firm of accountants, or a corporation can act as arbitrators.• This relates to the forwarding of investors' names to the Inland Revenue by a firm of solicitors.• The leading modern authority of Bridge v Deacons concerned a firm of solicitors in Hong Kong.• What acts may be considered usual for a firm of solicitors will change with the times.• They've hired a firm of solicitors and an investigator to gather evidence.• He went for advice to a firm of solicitors.
Related topics: Currencies
firm2 ●●● S3 W2 adjectiveadj  
1  HARDnot completely hard, but not soft, and not easy to bend into a different shape 结实的，坚实的 OPP soft
 The sofa cushions are fairly firm.
沙发的坐垫很硬。
 a firm green apple
硬的青苹果
 Most doctors recommend sleeping on a firm mattress.
大多数医生建议睡硬床垫。
► see thesaurus at hard
2  ATTACHstrongly fixed in position, and not likely to move 牢固的，稳固的 SYN secure
 Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.
要确保梯子稳固了再爬上去。
 A concrete foundation was poured after digging down to firm ground.
挖到坚实的地面后浇水泥地基。
 Mount the tanks side by side on a firm base.
把水箱靠在一起放在稳固的底座上。
3  SUREnot likely to change 确定的，坚定的，坚决的
firm conviction/commitment/belief etc
 Our client hasn’t reached a firm decision on the matter yet.
我们的客户在这件事上还未作出最后决定。
 Blackpool remains a firm favourite with holidaymakers from Northern Ireland.
布莱克浦仍是北爱尔兰度假者不变的最爱。
 Corey was always a firm believer in prayer.
科里一直坚信祷告的力量。
 They made a firm offer (=offered to pay a particular amount) on the house over the weekend.
周末，他们对那幢房子给出了最终买价。
 Diana and Laura have been firm friends (=close friends) since their early teens.
黛安娜和劳拉从十几岁起一直友情甚笃。
4  DETERMINEDshowing in the way that you behave or speak that you are the person in control and that you are not likely to change your answer, belief etc 〔态度、语气等〕坚决的
 Cal replied with a polite but firm ‘no’.
卡尔很有礼貌但语气坚决地回答说“不行”。
 What this country needs is firm leadership.
这个国家需要的是强有力的领导。
be firm with somebody
 You need to be firm with her or she’ll try to take advantage of you.
你对她要强硬，否则她就会欺负你。
► see thesaurus at determined, strict
5  HAND 手a firm grip/hold/grasp etc TIGHTif you have something in a firm grip etc, you are holding it tightly and strongly 紧握，紧紧抓住，牢牢握住
 He took a firm grip of my arm and marched me towards the door.
他紧紧抓着我的手臂，快步往门口走去。
 a firm handshake
紧紧的握手
Examples from the Corpus
a firm grip/hold/grasp etc• As soon as one does so, its lips close around it, giving it a firm hold.• But at current levels the shares are a firm hold.• Clumps of sturdy weed grew wherever they could take a firm hold.• Usually this happens because the task is too broadly stated to get a firm grasp on it.• I keep a firm grip on my hat and stare into the blustery abyss.• As darkness gains a firmer grip the songbirds fade and the owls start.• It's safe but you need to have a firm grip to cut a 13-amp flex.• Choose a firm hold variant which will keep your style in place during winder weather and light drizzle.
6. take a firm stand/line DETERMINEDto state your opinion clearly and not be persuaded to change it 采取坚定立场
Examples from the Corpus
take a firm stand/line• But the Young King was incapable of taking a firm line.• Handing his keys to the parking valet, he decided that he would take a firm stand.• Stopping short of direction intervention, Carter had taken a firm line.• The decision to take a firm stand comes after local councillors revealed the misery suffered by many of their constituents.• Dauntless decided to take a firm stand in the matter.
7  stand/hold firm CHANGE YOUR MINDto not change your actions or opinions 坚持下去，坚定不移
stand/hold firm against
 Jones is urging Christians to stand firm against abortion.
琼斯力劝基督徒们坚决反对堕胎。
Examples from the Corpus
firm against• Christians have stood firm against a flood of unbelief but have failed to notice its more subtle effects.• On both occasions, Professor Jones stood firm against complaint and censorship.• The compromise was widely viewed as a victory for the president, who had stood firm against Republican demands.
8  a firm hand a strict way of dealing with someone 铁腕，强硬手段
Examples from the Corpus
need a firm hand• They ... need a firm hand.• Lizzy would need a firm hand after this.
9  money 货币PEC [not before noun] if the value of a particular country’s money is firm, it does not fall in value 坚挺的 SYN steady
—firmly adverbadv
—firmness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
firm• Cook macaroni until tender but still firm.• These exercises are good for making your stomach muscles nice and firm.• Monkfish has a very firm and meaty flesh, so it's easy to use for kebabs.• The cut surface was firm and pale, but with no areas of necrosis.• Buy peaches that are quite firm, as they ripen very quickly indoors.• A dam about a mile upriver from the city held firm during the earthquake.• Emily was polite but firm - her answer was 'no'.• What you need is a firmer mattress.• I find I sleep better on a firm mattress.• The dollar began Friday on a firm note.• a firm red tomato• There was something about the firm set of her body that Jay knew instinctively: she was a survivor.• Winding down I gave a firm strike only to find that I had missed the take, I was gutted.• Leapor is firm that her friend will be happier with a man who is dependable and who lives within his means.• For this recipe you will need six firm tomatoes.• We're going to have to be very firm with her, but still treat her with respect.• You'll just have to be firm with him and tell him he can't have any more money.• The suspension is the same as that used in the Sunny GTi, which makes it firm without being too hard.
a firm base• A shift in the weather pattern, bringing low pressure systems across the Alps in December laid down a firm base.• That hope rests on a firm base.• There is a sort of secret cave under the far bank which must be filled before a firm base can be established.• The capitalist tenant, the concessionaire and so forth will similarly have a firm base in the growing economically petty-bourgeois element.
firm friends• From my angle Edward and I were now firm friends.• He first met Minton in a top-floor club in Wardour Street and they became firm friends.• It was the right decision for us both and we're still firm friends.• It was their second get-together, and the two have now become firm friends.• Many volunteers return many times and become strongly attached to a favourite reserve - and make firm friends.• The girls' parents had held her in high regard and they had become firm friends.• The men have since become firm friends.• They had remained firm friends ever since their first meeting.
be firm with somebody• You must be firm with her.• Tessa sweetie, be firm with him.• He was wearing shorts and an open-necked shirt, and his limbs were firm with muscle and suntanned.• Sometimes, to be firm with people can be more helpful than leaving problems until it is too late.
firm3 verb [transitiveT]  
1.PRESSto press down on soil to make it harder or more solid 夯实，压实〔土壤〕
2 firm something ↔ up phrasal verbphr v 
Examples from the Corpus
firm up• Jean Deleage and Guy Nohra will focus on health science firms.• The market was holding firm and edging up.• She moved with the motion of his hand, her firm stomach undulating up and down.• Now, however, there are worrying signs that the two biggest firms are ganging up on the rest.• The firm took up references on all the candidates interviewed.• Utah's economic planners want aerospace, bio-medical and computing firms to take up the slack.• Suppose a bank agrees to lend to a firm upon demand up to a certain amount.• A small cottage industry of biotechnology firms has sprung up to investigate this, using a variety of methods.
Examples from the Corpus
firm• The researchers are to examine more trees including four more species before they firm up their claims.
From Longman Business Dictionary
firmfirm1 /fɜːmfɜːrm/ noun [countableC]ORGANIZATIONS
a company or business, especially one which is quite small
The eight-volume guide contains entries for 700,000 lawyers and 44,000law firms.
afirm of chartered accountants
The auditing services market is dominated by a small number of large accounting firms.
→ consulting firm → search firm
firmfirm2 verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT]
FINANCE if prices on a financial market firm to a particular level, they rise to that level
firm to
Sales volume hit £53 million as the shares firmed 19p to 126p.
firmfirm3 adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
1firm decisions, judgements, or offers are final and not likely to be changed
The Confederation of British Industry said it was too early to make firm forecasts about demand.
The airline hasfirm orders for 20 Airbus A321 medium-range jets.
2FINANCE stocks, shares, prices etc which are firm have been rising and do not seem likely to fall
The Federal Reserve chairman implied that the US would keepinterest rates firm.
OPEC members needfirm prices to maintain their revenues.
The dollar ended the week on a firm note (=with a steady price).
Origin firm1
(1700-1800) Italian firma “signature”, from Latin firmare “to show to be true”, from firmus; → FIRM2
 firm2
(1300-1400) Old French Latin firmus
firm1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1firm2 adjectiveadjfirm3 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902
firm

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + FIRM | FIRM + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, large, major大公司▸➤medium-sized中型公司▸➤small小公司▸➤well-known著名公司▸➤successful成功的公司➤prestigious有威望的公司▸➤established地位穩固的公司▸➤start-up (especially BrE) 剛建立的公司◇start-up firms in the booming computer market在蓬勃發展的電腦市場中剛起步的公司➤private私人企業▸➤family家族企業▸➤international, multinational國際／跨國公司▸➤foreign外國公司▸➤local當地公司➤Boston-based, Tokyo-based, etc.總部設在波士頓、東京等的公司▸➤accountancy, accounting, audit, auditing, consulting, engineering, law, manufacturing, marketing, PR, software (especially BrE) , etc.會計師事務所、審計事務所、咨詢公司、工程公司、律師事務所、製造公司、營銷公司、公關公司、軟件公司等▸➤mail-order (especially BrE) 電郵公司VERB + FIRM➤establish, found, launch, set up, start, start up (especially BrE) 創建／成立／興辦／建立／開創／開設公司◇She set up her own software firm.她創建了自己的軟件公司。➤head, head up, manage, run領導／主管／管理／經營公司▸➤merge with與公司合併◇They are likely to merge with a bigger firm.他們很可能和一家較大的公司合併。➤acquire, buy, buy out, take over兼併公司；收購公司；接管公司◇The firm was taken over by a multinational consultancy.這家公司被一家跨國咨詢公司接管了。➤close, close down關閉公司◇the decision to close down the firm關閉公司的決定➤own擁有公司▸➤work for為公司工作▸➤join, leave加入／離開公司▸➤employ, hire雇請公司◇She hired a firm of private detectives to follow him.她雇了一家私人偵探社跟踪他。FIRM + VERB➤be based in sth公司總部在⋯◇a firm called Data Inc., based in Chicago總部設在芝加哥的一家名為數據公司的企業➤expand, grow公司擴展／發展▸➤merge公司合併▸➤compete公司競爭◇Local firms are finding it difficult to compete in the international market.當地公司發現很難在國際市場競爭。➤operate公司運營◇US firms operating in China在中國運營的美國公司➤close, close down, collapse, fail, go bust, go into liquidation (especially BrE) 公司倒閉；公司破產；公司停業清算◇The well-established firm closed down with the loss of 600 jobs.那家地位鞏固的公司倒閉了，造成 600 個工作崗位的喪失。➤develop sth, make sth, manufacture sth, produce sth, sell sth公司開發⋯；公司製造⋯；公司生產⋯；公司出售⋯▸➤specialize in sth公司專門從事⋯◇a firm specializing in high-tech products專門從事高科技產品的公司➤employ sb, hire sb (especially NAmE) 公司雇用某人◇The firm employs 85 000 people around the world.公司在世界範圍內雇用了 85,000 人。PREPOSITION➤in a/the firm, within a/the firm在公司裏；在公司內部◇the different departments within the firm公司內部的各部門PHRASES➤a client of a firm公司的客戶➤a firm of accountants, consultants, solicitors, etc. (BrE) 會計師事務所、顧問公司、律師事務所等➤a partner in a firm公司合夥人  ➡ note at organization  ➡ topic at business
firm

adjective¹

 1solid/strong硬；強壯VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, feel, look, seem牢固；感覺結實；看上去牢固；好像結實▸➤remain, stay保持結實◇Exercise is important if you want your muscles to stay firm.如果你想保持結實，鍛煉很重要。➤make sth使⋯結實◇Use extra stuffing to make the cushions firmer.再添些填充料讓墊子硬一點兒。➤keep sth使⋯保持強健◇exercises to keep your muscles firm使肌肉保持強健的運動ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常堅固
firm

adjective²

 2not likely to change不易改變VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, sound堅定；聽起來堅定▸➤hold, remain, stand很堅決；立場堅定◇Jo held firm: nothing else would do.喬很堅決：其他都不行。◇We stand firm on these principles.對於這些原則我們立場很堅定。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常堅定PREPOSITION➤with對⋯堅決◇I have always been quite firm with my children.我對自己的孩子向來頗為嚴格。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902
firm adj.
⇨ firm (a firm base) ⇨ final (firm beliefs) ⇨ solid (firm ground) ⇨ strict (firm discipline) ⇨ tight (a firm grip)firm noun
⇨ companyfirm

adjective

firm ♦︎ secure ♦︎ steady ♦︎ stableThese words all describe sth that is strongly fixed in place and not likely to move. 这些词均表示牢固的、稳固的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a firm / secure / steady / stable foundation◆a firm / secure / stable base■ firm strongly fixed in place, especially on sth heavy or strong that is not likely to move or change 牢固的；稳固的◆Stand the fish tank on a firm base.把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。◆No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage.没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。  see also firm ⇨ solid , firm ⇨ tight ▸ firmly

adverb

◆Make sure the cover is firmly fixed in place.一定要把罩子牢牢地固定在适当的地方。■ secure sɪˈkjʊə(r); NAmE səˈkjʊrfixed firmly and correctly and therefore not likely to move, fall or break 牢固的；稳固的；坚固的◆The aerial doesn't look very secure to me.我看这天线不太牢固。◆It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice.在冰上不容易站稳脚。■ steady firmly fixed, supported or balanced; not shaking or likely to fall 稳的；平稳的；稳固的◆He held the boat steady as she got in.他把船稳住，让她上了船。◆Such fine work requires a good eye and a steady hand.做这样精细的工作，眼要尖、手要稳。◆She's not very steady on her feet these days.她如今站不太稳了。OPP unsteady ⓘ Unsteady describes a person who is not completely in control of their movements and might fall, or a part of the body that is shaking or moving in a way that is not controlled. * unsteady表示人站不稳的、摇晃的或身体部位颤抖的、抖动的◆She is still a little unsteady on her feet after the operation.手术后她还有点站不稳。◆With unsteady hands he opened the door and peered out.他用颤抖的双手打开门，向外窥视。   see also steady ⇨ lean verb 2 , steady ⇨ steady adj. ■ stable ˈsteɪbl not likely to fall over 稳固的；牢固的◆This ladder doesn't seem very stable.这架梯子好像不太稳。 OPP unstable   see also stable ⇨ steady
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902
firm
General types of business or company: account, acquisition, affiliate...
Solid, stiff or hard: solid, stiff, hard...
Tight and held firmly in place: tight, firm, steady...
Unlikely or impossible to change: unchanging, firm, rigid...
True, definite and based on facts: true, certain, objective...
Reliable and trustworthy: reliable, trustworthy, consistent...
Determined and ambitious: determined, ambitious, persistent...
Feeling, looking and being healthy: healthy, well, fit...
Physically strong: strong, powerful, athletic...
To change consistency - general words: atomise, atomize, bake...
To become, or to make something stronger: strengthen, bolster, intensify...
To become more definite, or to make something more definite: make certain, beyond (any) doubt, confirm...

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