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IELTS BNC: 2933 COCA: 2263

dust

Word family 
Related topics: Household
dust1 /dʌst/ ●●● S3 W3 noun  
1  DH[uncountableU] dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of dirt that is in buildings on furniture, floors etc if they are not kept clean 灰尘，尘埃
 All the furniture was covered in dust.
所有的家具都蒙上了灰尘。
 a thick layer of dust
厚厚的一层灰尘
 There’s not a speck of dust in the kitchen.
厨房里一尘不染。
gather/collect dust (=become covered with dust) 积尘
 Her old trophies were collecting dust on the shelves.
她的旧奖杯在书架上积起了灰尘。
 Dust particles floated in the sunlight.
阳光里飘浮着尘埃颗粒。
 A sudden breeze sent motes of dust (=small bits of dust) dancing in the air.
突然刮起一阵微风吹得灰尘飞扬。
→4  See picture on 见图 Page A3 Cleaning 清洁；打扫
2  DH[uncountableU] dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of earth or sand 沙土，尘土
 The wind was blowing dust and leaves up from the ground.
风吹起了地上的尘土和树叶。
 A car sped past in a cloud of dust.
一辆汽车疾驰而过，扬起一片尘土。
3  TIH[uncountableU] powder consisting of extremely small bits of a particular substance 粉末，粉尘
coal/brick/chalk etc dust 煤灰/砖粉/粉笔灰等
4  a dust DHC British EnglishBrE the act of dusting something 掸灰，去尘
 I need to give the sitting room a dust.
我要给起居室掸掸灰尘。
Examples from the Corpus
give ... a dust• Prime consideration has been given to eliminating dust or dirt generation.
5. let the dust settle/wait for the dust to settle CLEAR/EASY TO UNDERSTANDto allow or wait for a confused situation to become clear 让尘埃落定/等待情况明朗
→ bite the dust at bite1(8), → dusty, → leave somebody in the dust at leave1(15), → not see somebody for dust at see1(35)
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
be covered in dust
Everything was filthy and covered in dust.
gather/collect dust (=become covered with dust)
Piles of old books lay on the floor gathering dust.
phrases
a layer of dust
I brushed away the thin layer of dust which covered the picture.
a speck of dust (=a tiny piece of dust)
By the time I'd finished cleaning, there wasn't a speck of dust anywhere.
a particle of dust/a dust particle (=a small piece of dust)
The air is full of dust particles.
motes of dust/dust motes literary (=small pieces of dust)
Glittering motes of dust hung in the sunlight.
Examples from the Corpus
dust• It is easy enough to imagine brushing away a meter or so of dry dust covering an ice deposit.• Get some tinsel and some glitter dust if you can.• Knowing also his hinted promise was likely to be so much dust.• In the morning I woke up and turned over; a big cloud of dust rose from the mattress.• There was a thick layer of dust on the furniture.• a thick layer of dust on the furniture• The wine bottle had a white sheen of dust along one side, the wineglasses were wet from rinsing.• And thus the work went on, and many a Federal and Confederate bit the dust.• Max brushed the dust off his coat.• When the dust settles, we are the enforcers, the last line of law.• We don't know whether the dust is toxic.
motes of dust• Shame filled the air like motes of dust.
cloud of dust• But you would be standing getting soaking wet in the rain and get hit by a cloud of dust.• Another cloud of dust descended from the ceiling and fell around Goebbels.• I was there, but all I remember is one big cloud of dust.• As the rising sun heats the fields, the dew evaporates, to be replaced by clouds of dust.• You see it on telly, it goes down in sections and crumples in a huge cloud of dust.• The boards overhead buckled and dropped little clouds of dust as great thumping steps wandered around the office.• The eruption of Mount Pinatubo produced a massive cloud of dust.• Just a settling cloud of dust.• The cloud of dust grows bigger and bigger.
coal/brick/chalk etc dust• Campaigners claim deposits of coal dust released into the atmosphere are a health hazard and a nuisance.• Its floor is covered with a fine layer of chalk dust from the calloused palms of legions of lifters.• The blast, 610m below ground, is thought to have been caused by a mix of coal dust and methane gas.• There were the eternal school smells of chalk dust, wax crayons, cedar shavings, damp wool, and warm children.• The House also distinguished McGhee, as in that case the plaintiff's injury was caused by the brick dust.• Wilson had grown up black with coal dust.• Jeff even carried out trial runs using rockets stuffed with coal dust.
Related topics: Cleaning
dust2 ●●○ verb  
1  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]DHC to clean the dust from a surface by moving something such as a soft cloth across it （给…）擦灰尘
 Rachel dusted the books and the bookshelves.
雷切尔给书和书架除尘。
 I was dusting in the bedroom when the phone rang.
我正在卧室里打扫，电话铃响了。
→5 see picture at 见图 clean2
2  [transitiveT] (also dust down, dust off)DC to remove something such as dust or dirt from your clothes by brushing them with your hands 〔用手〕掸（衣服上的灰尘或脏物）
 He got to his feet and dusted his knees.
他站起来拍拍膝上的灰尘。
dust yourself (down/off)
 Corbett dusted himself down and walked off.
科比特掸掸身上的灰走开了。
3  [transitiveT]SPREAD to put a fine powder over something 将〔粉状物〕撒于
dust something with something
 Dust the biscuits with icing sugar.
把糖粉撒在饼干上面。
4 dust something ↔ off phrasal verbphr v 
a) DHCto remove something such as dust or dirt from your clothes by brushing them with your hands 〔用手〕掸去〔衣服上的灰尘或脏物〕
 They were dusting off leaves and twigs.
他们掸去身上的树叶和细枝。
dust yourself off
 He got to his feet and dusted himself off.
他站起来拍拍灰。
b) PREPAREto get something ready in order to use it again, after not using it for a long time 把〔长期不用的东西〕备好待用，准备重新使用
 The government is dusting off schemes for supporting creative industries.
政府准备重新启动搁置已久的支持创意产业的方案。
Examples from the Corpus
dust off• Cromwell, meanwhile, picked up his hat and dusted it off.• He clambered down, dusted himself off.• Retrieve your old dreams and dust them off.• However, Grimm was already picking himself up, swearing, dusting himself off, retrieving his cap.• The layer contains enough dust to shut off sunlight from the surface of the planet for several months to a year.• Connors stood up and tried to dust the mud off the front of his fatigues.• The dust therefore cuts off the ultimate source of the disturbance that raises more dust.• After a while, they dusted me off to base camp.
dust yourself off• He clambered down, dusted himself off.• Mentally, I got up and dusted myself off.• William clambers over with terrible difficulty, dusts himself off and heads towards where she stands.• She dusts herself off and rejoins the group.• Swindon have got to pick themselves up, dust themselves off and start all over again.• The soldier rose, dusted himself off, pulled out his card, and presented it to the two boys.• However, Grimm was already picking himself up, swearing, dusting himself off, retrieving his cap.
Examples from the Corpus
dust• She didn't often dust behind the pictures.• We dusted each other down and then it was time to walk home.• He clambered down, dusted himself off.• Then he straightened and dusted invisible grains of dirt from the knees of his coveralls.• She decided to dust the dining room furniture again.• A maid dusted the furniture.• Fussily, the embalmer dusted the remains of the salt from her body.• Dust the top of the cake with cinnamon.• A thorough cleaning includes dusting under the wardrobes.
dust yourself (down/off)• The Doctor pulled himself up and dusted himself down.• William clambers over with terrible difficulty, dusts himself off and heads towards where she stands.• She dusts herself off and rejoins the group.• Swindon have got to pick themselves up, dust themselves off and start all over again.• The soldier rose, dusted himself off, pulled out his card, and presented it to the two boys.• However, Grimm was already picking himself up, swearing, dusting himself off, retrieving his cap.• He clambered down, dusted himself off.• Mentally, I got up and dusted myself off.
Origin dust1
Old English
dust1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1dust2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 2933 COCA: 2263
dust

noun

ADJECTIVE | ... OF DUST | VERB + DUST | DUST + VERB | DUST + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤fine細塵➤airborne浮塵➤radioactive放射性塵埃➤house, household室內塵埃➤desert (especially NAmE) 沙塵➤cosmic, moon宇宙塵；月塵▸➤brick, chalk, coal, gold, etc.磚灰、粉筆灰、煤灰、砂金等➤fairy, magic, pixie (especially NAmE) 仙塵；魔塵；精靈之塵... OF DUST➤cloud, layer一團塵土；一層灰塵◇The tractor came up the track in a cloud of dust.拖拉機捲着一團塵土沿着小路開了過來。◇There was a layer of fine dust on the table.桌子上有一層細細的灰塵。➤particle, speck灰塵顆粒；灰塵微粒◇Remove any particles of dust on the surface of the paint.去除油漆表面的灰塵顆粒。◇microscopic specks of dust顯微鏡下的粒粒塵土VERB + DUST➤collect, gather聚積灰塵◇Her chess set lay on a shelf gathering dust.她的一副國際象棋放在架子上積了灰塵。➤be covered in, be covered with塵封➤brush, remove, shake, sweep, sweep up, wipe刷掉／清除／抖去／掃掉／撣去／擦拭灰塵◇He brushed the dust off his clothes.他刷掉了衣服上的灰塵。◇She shook the dust from her hair.她抖去了頭髮上的灰塵。➤blow颳起灰塵◇The wind was blowing dust through the streets of the city.風颳得滿城街道上塵土飛揚。DUST + VERB➤lie灰塵積於◇The dust now lay in a thick layer on her piano.現在她的鋼琴上積了厚厚的一層灰。➤coat sth, cover sth灰塵覆蓋⋯◇Dust covered the whole shelf.整個架子都積了一層灰。➤settle灰塵落於◇The dust settled on everything in the kitchen.廚房裏每一樣東西上都落了灰。◇I waited for the dust to settle from her resignation before talking to her about it. (figurative) 我等到關於她辭職的消息塵埃落定之後才跟她談論此事。➤blow, float, fly, swirl灰塵吹起來／飄浮起來／飛起來／盤旋起來◇Dust swirled around them like a misty cloud.灰塵就像一團霧靄般盤旋在他們周圍。➤fall, rise灰塵落下／揚起➤fill sth灰塵填滿某物◇He started coughing as dust filled his lungs.因為粉塵填滿了肺部，他開始咳嗽起來。➤clear塵埃散盡◇The dust cleared and Hari could see a tiger.塵埃散盡後哈里看見了一隻老虎。DUST + NOUN➤cloud塵雲▸➤grain, mote (old-fashioned) , particle塵粒▸➤storm塵暴➤ball, bunny (= a mass of dust and small pieces of hair, thread, etc.) (informal, both NAmE) 塵球；積塵➤devil (= a small column of dust over land, caused by the wind) 塵捲風➤bowl風沙侵蝕區➤mite塵蟎◇a house dust mite一隻家塵蟎➤cover (especially NAmE) , sheet (BrE) (= for furniture, etc.) 防塵罩；防塵布➤cover, jacket (= of a book) （圖書的）護封➤mask防塵面罩
IELTS BNC: 2933 COCA: 2263
dust noun
⇨ dirt (covered with dust) ⇨ soil (a cloud of dust rises)dust verb
⇨ brush
IELTS BNC: 2933 COCA: 2263
dust
Dirt: dirt, dust, grime...
Soil and earth: alluvium, clay, clod...
Small amounts or pieces of something: bit, piece, fragment...
An instance or an action of cleaning or tidying: rinse, wipe, rub...
To make things cleaner or tidier: clean up, clear out, clean...
To cover something with a specific substance: carpet, paper, plaster...

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