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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522

damage

Word family 
dam·age1 /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1  physical harm 对物体或身体的损害DAMAGE [uncountableU] physical harm that is done to something or to a part of someone’s body, so that it is broken or injured 破损，损害，损伤
damage to
 damage to property
财产损失
 These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage.
经发现，这些化学物质会造成严重的环境破坏。
 There may be permanent brain damage.
可能有永久性脑损伤。
 His eyesight suffered irreparable damage.
他的视力受到了无法修复的损伤。
→5  See picture of chipped 有缺口的, dented 有凹痕的, smashed 被打碎的 ...
2  emotional harm 情感上的伤害HARM/BE BAD FOR [uncountableU] harm caused to someone’s emotions or mind 伤害
 The death of a parent can cause long-lasting psychological damage.
丧父或丧母可能会给子女造成长久的心理创伤。
3  bad effect 不良影响HARM/BE BAD FORSPOIL [uncountableU] a bad effect on something 不良影响，损害
damage to
 The damage to his reputation was considerable.
他的名誉受到很大的损害。
 The closure of the factory will cause severe damage to the local economy.
关闭这家工厂会严重影响当地的经济。
damage limitation/control
 the attempts at political damage control during the scandal
丑闻期间控制政治上不良影响的努力
4  damages [plural]SCL law money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else as a punishment for harming them or their property 损害赔偿金 → compensation
 The court awarded him £15,000 in damages.
法院判给他1.5万英镑的损害赔偿金。
Examples from the Corpus
damages• The court awarded the families $33 million in damages.
5  the damage is done TIME4#used to say that something bad has happened which makes it impossible to go back to the way things were before it happened 已造成的伤害无法挽回，木已成舟
 She immediately apologized, but the damage was done.
她立即道歉，但伤害已无法挽回。
Examples from the Corpus
the damage is done• The concert is still reverberating in our ears and the damage is done.• The symptoms are often obvious, identifiable, and even treatable before the damage is done.• Crew scurries to cover the lanes and approaches, but the damage is done.• Ed apologized a week later, but the damage was already done.• For the most part, the damage is done by soluble aluminium released from soil by acid water.• It is when guilt lingers into adulthood that the damage is done.• Well, the damage is done now.
6. what’s the damage? spokenCOST used humorously to ask how much you have to pay for something 要多少钱？〔幽默用法〕
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
do damage 造成损害
Too much sun can do severe damage to your skin.
过度日晒会对皮肤造成严重损伤。
cause damage 造成破坏
We surveyed the damage caused by the bomb.
我们调查了此次炸弹爆炸造成的破坏情况。
suffer/sustain damage formal 遭受损伤
She has suffered damage to her hearing.
她听力受损。
repair the damage 弥补损失
The cost of repairing the damage could be around £300 million.
弥补损失的花费可能在三亿英镑左右。
prevent/avoid damage 防止/避免损害
Young trees need protecting to prevent damage from the wind.
小树需要加以保护,防止风害。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + damage
serious/severe 严重的
The earthquake caused severe damage to a number of buildings.
地震对一些建筑物造成了严重破坏。
extensive/widespread (=covering a large area) 大面积的
Because of the size of the bomb, the damage was extensive.
炸弹的体积很大，因此造成了大面积的破坏。
permanent/irreparable/irreversible damage (=that cannot be repaired) 永久性的/不可修复的/不可逆转的损害
By smoking for so long, she may have suffered irreversible damage to her health.
她有这么长的吸烟史,可能已经对身体造成了不可逆转的损害。
minor damage 微小的损害
Fortunately, the fire caused only minor damage.
所幸火灾仅造成轻微损失。
physical damage 身体损害
There is considerable evidence that the drug can cause physical damage.
有相当多的证据表明,这种药会对人体造成伤害。
structural damage (=to the structure of a building) 结构破坏
The building was checked for structural damage.
对这栋建筑进行了检查以探明结构破坏情况。
environmental damage 环境破坏
The programme will concentrate on reducing environmental damage and pollution.
这项计划将把重点放在减少环境破坏和污染上。
fire/storm/flood etc damage (=caused by fire, storm, flood etc) 火灾/暴风雨/水灾等造成的损失
The campsite suffered extensive flood damage.
营地遭到了洪水的大面积破坏。
brain/liver/nerve etc damage 脑/肝/神经等损伤
If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage.
酗酒会引起肝损伤。
accidental damage (=caused by an accident) 意外损伤
nThe insurance covers you for accidental damage to your possessions while you are on holiday.
criminal damage (=caused by someone committing a crime) 刑事损害
nThe boy was charged with criminal damage after setting fire to his girlfriend’s house.
Examples from the Corpus
damage• Never look straight at the sun. Any damage to the retina could cause permanent blindness.• Gary Locke estimated losses totaling billions of dollars, as damage reports of highways, homes and businesses continued to trickle in.• Boeing Field in south Seattle also was closed, by damage to the runway, Sims said.• If you have an existing bedframe, always ask for advice, as the wrong combination may cause damage to the mattress.• The Multnomah County Courthouse was evacuated and employees were gathered in a park across the street while officials inspected for damage.• In truth Gene probably believes that the forces of darkness are gathering, but he also believes in damage limitation.• Endothelin induced gastric mucosal damage was carried out as described below.• The vandals did over £20.000 worth of damage.• Rubella is a serious infection, which can cause severe physical damage to the unborn child.• There is growing evidence of lasting psychological damage to children in broken families.• Acid rain has caused serious damage to the pine forests of northern Europe.• Mr Galston complains, and evidence of the damage is becoming clearer and clearer.• New ways of reducing the damage to the environment are urgently needed.• It will take many years to repair the damage caused by the floods.• Advice on any legal problem which arises in connection with the journey or holiday or with damage to your home.
damage to• There was a lot of damage to both cars.• Community leaders are not sure how to fix the damage to the city's reputation.
psychological damage• The scourge had abated, but psychological damage had been done, which was not so readily repaired.• Men can be passive without grave psychological damage only if the women are passive also.• On this occasion City accepted with relish the chances which came their way and inflicted serious psychological damage on their dejected opponents.• You should also be aware of the psychological damage you are capable of doing to yourself.
damage limitation/control• It was to be an ugly demonstration; damage limitation was not on the agenda.• Calipari has spotted problems and implemented damage control.• In truth Gene probably believes that the forces of darkness are gathering, but he also believes in damage limitation.• Clinton also proved to be a master of damage control on the so-called character issues.• It is more like ordinary political damage control.• In that single photograph, Buckingham Palace's damage limitation exercise comes unstuck.• There are signs that these damaging limitations to free and open communication can be overcome.• It felt good to have something important and challenging to keep one busy, even if it was damage control.
damage2 ●●● S3 W3 verb [transitiveT]  
1  DAMAGEINJUREto cause physical harm to something or to part of someone’s body 损害，损坏，损伤〔某物或某人的身体〕
 insects that damage crops
破坏庄稼的昆虫
badly/severely/seriously damage
 Smoking can severely damage your health.
吸烟会严重损害健康。
► see thesaurus at harm
2  HARM/BE BAD FORto have a bad effect on something or someone in a way that makes them weaker or less successful 对〔某物或某人〕有不良影响
 The changes in share values have damaged investor confidence.
股价波动削弱了投资者的信心。
 THESAURUS
damage to cause physical harm to something or someone, or have a bad effect on them 伤害；损害
Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.
几幢建筑受到地震破坏。
nThe other car wasn’t damaged.
The scandal could damage his career.
这起丑闻可能影响他的事业。
harm to have a bad effect on something 损害
They use chemicals that will harm the environment.
他们使用危害环境的化学物质。
The oil crisis could harm the economy.
石油危机可能令经济受损。
spoil to have a bad effect on something and make it less successful, enjoyable, useful etc 破坏,糟蹋
We didn’t let the rain spoil our holiday.
我们没让雨天搅了假期。
Local people say the new buildings will spoil the view.
当地居民称新建筑会破坏景观。
vandalize to deliberately damage buildings, vehicles, or public property 故意破坏〔建筑物、交通工具或公共财产〕
All the public telephones in the area had been vandalized.
这个地区的公用电话全部被人破坏了。
sabotage /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/ to secretly damage machines or equipment so that they cannot be used, especially in order to harm an enemy 〔尤为打击敌人〕暗中破坏
There is evidence that the airplane was sabotaged.
有证据表明飞机遭人为破坏。
tamper with something to deliberately and illegally damage or change a part of something in order to prevent it from working properly 在某物上做手脚
The car’s brakes had been tampered with.
这辆车的车被人动了手脚。
desecrate to damage a church or other holy place 亵渎,玷污〔教堂或其他宗教场所〕
The church had been desecrated by vandals.
教堂遭到故意破坏者的亵渎。
deface /dɪˈfeɪs/ to deliberately spoil the appearance of something by writing on it, spraying paint on it etc 污损〔外观〕
Someone had defaced the statue and painted it bright orange.
有人污损雕像,将它漆成了亮橙色。
Examples from the Corpus
damage• Huge tidal waves swamped the town, damaging almost half the buildings.• Read in studio Fire has badly damaged an office block in Gloucester.• The building had been severely damaged by fire.• Both sexes will be damaged by the continuous disciplining that the rebellious and unsuccessful boys require.• The goods were damaged during transport.• Lewis damaged his knee in training and will not appear in the game.• The storm damaged hundreds of houses.• The company's future prospects will be badly damaged if this deal falls through.• He slipped on some ice and damaged ligaments in his knee.• This is likely to damage Scott's reputation even more.• When carrying out the operation, doctors have to take great care not to damage the delicate nerves endings.• Several recent events have damaged the government's public image.• It damages the nerves in the hands, feet or eyes.• The crisis has badly damaged the president's authority.• Don't put any hot things on the table - you'll damage the surface.• Smoking can seriously damage your health.
badly/severely/seriously damage• But she did it so skillfully that again neither she nor her plane was seriously damaged.• He made several passes in the dark, shot down one B-24 and badly damaged a second.• Her own iron prow and cutwater were carried away, and she was otherwise badly damaged about the stern by the collision.• His right arm was severely damaged, and his young son also suffered in the attack.• During the allied bombings of 1943 it was very badly damaged and much of the internal work and stored archives were lost.• Obviously if the group is small, its chances of success may be badly damaged by one individual not joining.• Next door the Northern Bank was severely damaged with window frames jutting out of the cracked masonry.
From Longman Business Dictionary
damagedam·age1 /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ noun
1[uncountableU] a bad effect on something that makes it weaker or less successful
damage to
The result of this policy will be severe damage to the British economy.
2[uncountableU] physical harm caused to something
a fire which caused hundreds of pounds’ worth of damage to property
3flood/storm/wind etc damageINSURANCE damage caused by a flood, storm etc
The shop suffered severe smoke damage.
→ apparent damage
4damages [plural]LAW money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else for harming them or their property, or causing them financial loss
The group is facing claims for damages after supplying faulty goods.
They are being sued for damages by clients who had been advised to invest in an insurance company that went bankrupt.
A federal jury awarded damages for breach of contract.
→ actual damages → additional damages → civil damages → compensatory damages → consequential damages → exemplary damages → incidental damages → liquidated damages → money damages → nominal damages → non-economic damages → punitive damages → treble damages → unspecified damages
damagedamage2 verb [transitiveT]
1to cause physical harm to something
Be careful not to damage the timer mechanism.
goods damaged in transit
2to have a bad effect on something in a way that makes it weaker or less successful
Taylor felt her reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.
Origin damage1
(1200-1300) Old French dam “damage”, from Latin damnum; → DAMN4
dam·age1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1damage2 verb →THESAURUS1
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