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else

Word family 
else /els/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv  
1  [used after words beginning with ‘some-’, ‘every-’, ‘any-’, and ‘no-’, and after question words]
a) AND/ALSObesides or in addition to someone or something 另外，其他
 There’s something else I’d like to talk about as well.
我还有其他事情要谈一谈。
 I’d like you to come, and anyone else who’s free.
我想请你过来，其他人有空也可以来。
 He was awake now, as was everyone else.
他现在已经醒了，其他人也都醒了。
 Who else was at the party?
还有谁参加了聚会？
 ‘Two coffees, please.’ ‘Anything else?’ ‘No, thanks.’
“请来两杯咖啡。”“还要别的吗？”“不要了，谢谢。
 Above all else (=more than any other things) she was seeking love.
她追求爱情胜过一切。
b) AND/ALSOused to talk about a different person, thing, place etc 别的，另外的〔用于表示不同的人、事物、地方等〕
 I’d like to live anywhere else but here.
别的地方我都愿意住，只要不是这里。
 If I can’t trust you, who else can I trust?
我要是不能相信你，还能相信谁呢？
2  or else spoken
a) used to say that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something 否则，要不然〔用于表示会有不好的结果〕
 Hurry up or else we’ll miss the train.
快点，否则我们要赶不上火车了。
b) used to say what another possibility might be 要不〔用于表示有另一个可能〕
 The salesman will reduce the price or else include free insurance.
推销员会降低价格，要不就会附送免费保险。
c) used to threaten someone 不然的话〔用于威胁〕
 Hand over the money, or else!
把钱交出来，不然的话要你好看！
Examples from the Corpus
or else• Get me my money by next week or else.• He would make that clear, or else he would have no part in the raid.• It must be important, or else he wouldn't have called at 3 a.m.• He seemed to want to help them or else his plan was much deeper than they knew.• The bolder innovation comes direct by rescript from the emperor or else is a result of his influence.• All the characters would find decisions much easier if evil were unquestionably either just Boethian or else just Manichaean.• He was bright and alive, and made those around him live more vividly or else move on.• Some of them continued to pursue him, or else Orestes thought that they did.• The old masters merely dammed streams and created lakes to break up the landscape or else reflect its beauty.• He thought you had to be a model or a dancer, or else something in showbiz.• They must have thought everything was safe, or else they would have warned us.
3  British EnglishBrE spokenONLY used after a question word to say that the thing, person, or place you have mentioned is the only one possible 还能有别的…〔用于疑问词后，表示刚提及的事情、人或地方是唯一的可能〕
 ‘What are you doing?’ ‘Waiting for you, what else?’
“你在干什么？”“在等你呗，还能做什么？”
4  what else can somebody do/say? DIFFERENT spoken used to say that it is impossible to do or say anything apart from what has been mentioned 某人还能做/说什么？〔用于表示除了刚提到的事情，不可能做[说]别的了〕
 ‘Will you really sell the house?’ ‘What else can I do? I can’t live here.’
“你真的要把房子卖了？”“还能怎么办？我不能住在这里了。
Examples from the Corpus
what else can somebody do/say?• I told her it looked good. What else could I say?• I do about three hundred sit-ups a day and it still refuses to firm up, but what else can I do?• P.S. Awful - but what else can one do?• So what else can Florida do?• What else can a sinner say?• What else can he realistically do?• What else can I do for you Jim?• What else can I do to improve things?
→ if nothing else at nothing1(11), → be something else at something(9)
5 GRAMMAR 语法
When you want to use the possessive form of ‘someone else’, ‘anyone else’, or ‘no one else’, you should add ’s to else , not to ‘someone’ etc. someone else 、 anyone else 或 no one else的所有格形式是在else后面加’s ，不是在someone等词后面加
Don’t use someone else’s ideas (NOT SAY不说:someone’s else ideas).
不要用别人的想法。
n Grammar
The possessive form of someone/anyone else is someone/anyone else’s:
Don’t use someone else’s ideas.
不要用别人的想法。
Nobody else’s cooking is as good as yours.
✗Don’t say: someone’s else ideas | nobody’s else cooking
Examples from the Corpus
else• Andrea's obsessed with money -- she never thinks about anything else.• It did not restrict corporate officials or anyone else, as individuals, from giving as much money as they liked.• By belonging to Sophie, I began to feel as though I belonged to everyone else as well.• What else can I get you?• What about everyone else - ever been a mate, colleague, love-child of anyone who's ever played for us?• Everyone else gets to go - why can't I?• Go and play somewhere else. I'm trying to work.• Failing all else, its feet will provide some indication of its ultimate adult size.• Jamie's special. There's really no one else like him.• She's wearing someone else's coat.• There's nothing else to do.• Is there anything else to eat?• Clayton needs someone else to help him.• Who else used to do it?• Henry complains of her talking to some one else while dancing with him and compares a country dance to a marriage.• Anything else would have been inappropriate.
Above all else• Most important of all, it put him beyond the law. Above all else, Ellwood hated weakness.• I really didn't want that. Above all else I didn't want that.• Clear use of colour is also important. Above all else, the chart should: 1.
Origin else
Old English elles
else adverbadv →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
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