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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4548 COCA: 5613

substitute

Word family 
sub·sti·tute1 /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt $ -tuːt/ ●●○ AWL noun [countableC]  
1  (also sub informal)REPLACE someone who does someone else’s job for a limited period of time, especially in a sports team or school 代替者；〔尤指〕替补队员；代课老师
 Germany brought on a substitute at half time.
德国队在比赛半场时换上一名替补队员。
 substitute goalkeeper
替补守门员
substitute for
 The coach has to find a substitute for Tim.
教练得找人替代蒂姆。
2  REPLACEa person or thing that you use instead of the one that you usually have, because the usual one is not available 代替物，替代品
 a sugar substitute
糖替代品
 a father substitute
父亲的替身
3  be no substitute for something used to emphasize that something is not as good as another thing 不能替代某事物〔用于强调某一事物没有另一事物好〕
 Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.
维生素片不能替代健康饮食。
Examples from the Corpus
be no substitute for something• In other words, money is no substitute for management.• Checking the takings late at night is no substitute for a proper budgetary control system.• An answering service or beeper number is no substitute for a trained network engineer.• It was a new experience, and there is no substitute for experience.• But there is no substitute for a visit, and a request to see evidence of previous exam results.• In many situations, however, there is no substitute for the use of chemicals as the application of heat is impracticable.• There is no substitute for educated workers with good work habits.• There is no substitute for a committed board with a vision of the future.
Examples from the Corpus
substitute• Today we had a substitute in history class.• Ask how the agency screens employees and monitors workers, and if there are substitutes when needed.• Ten minutes into the second half Davies was brought on as substitute for Ward.• Writing is downgraded as if it is a clumsy substitute for more efficient means of preserving data and the findings or conclusions.• Gina Smouse notes that by using low-fat evaporated milk and egg substitute, the fat content of the pudding will be lower.• Egg substitutes cost 20 to 50 percent more than eggs.• He had heard of girls marrying a father substitute, but he had not met one before.• If Marsh has not fully recovered, his likely substitute will be Robinson.• But they are no substitute for action by governments.• Switching to protein substitutes, like soy, could cost millions, but Kessler believes it is worth it.
substitute for• She often substitutes for absent teachers in their Spanish classes.• Chewing tobacco is not a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.
substitute2 ●●○ AWL verb  
1  [transitiveT]REPLACE to use something new or different instead of something else 用〔新的或不同的事物〕代替
substitute something for something
 The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.
食谱说可以用酸奶替代酸味奶油。
2  [intransitiveI]REPLACE to do someone’s job until the person who usually does it is able to do it again 替代，顶替 SYN stand in
substitute for
 Bill substituted for Larry, who was off sick.
拉里生病请假，由比尔替代。
3  [transitiveT] to replace someone with another person, especially another player 替换，替代〔尤指球员〕
 Michael Owen had to be substituted after 20 minutes on the field.
迈克尔·欧文上场 20 分钟后，不得不被换下。
Examples from the Corpus
substitute• If plums are difficult to find, figs can be substituted.• Parliament itself could substitute an act for an earlier one.• Angry Jemson suffered the embarrassment of coming on as substitute and then being substituted himself at Carrow Road.• This may undermine public service and professional values, substituting commercial ones.• So movement neither substitutes for spatial information nor disrupts it.• You can substitute margarine for butter in this recipe.• The conductor deserved plaudits for substituting the Kodaly dances for an originally slated Mendelssohn overture.• Eventually money becomes worthless, and people are forced to barter or substitute with other sorts of currencies, like cigarettes.
From Longman Business Dictionary
substitutesub·sti·tute1 /ˈsʌbstətjuːt-tuːt/ noun [countableC]
1something new or different that can be used instead of something else
Sugar substitutes are used by the soft drinks industry.
substitute for
Training is important but it is no substitute for (=cannot take the place of) experience.
2HUMAN RESOURCESJOBsomeone who does someone else’s job for a limited period of time
We need to find a substitute while she is sick.
—substitute adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
Plastic is sometimes used as a substitute material.
a substitute driver
substitutesubstitute2 verb
1[transitiveT] to use or do something new or different instead of something else
substitute something for/with something
Corporations have been able to avoid some tax by substituting debt for equity.
Byproducts are reduced if a different bleaching agent is substituted for pure chlorine.
2[transitiveT] to be used or done instead of something else
substitute for
Synthetic fuels are liquids or gases which may be substituted for oil products or natural gas.
3[intransitiveI]HUMAN RESOURCES to do someone’s job until the person who usually does it is able to do it again
substitute for
Bill substituted for Larry who was off sick.
Origin substitute1
(1400-1500) Latin past participle of substituere “to put in place of”, from statuere; → STATUTE
sub·sti·tute1 nounsubstitute2 verb
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: substitute teacher

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