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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4540 COCA: 5741
excess noun
⇨ rest 1 excess

adjective

excess ♦︎ spare ♦︎ surplus ♦︎ superfluous ♦︎ leftoverThese words all describe an amount or number that is more than you want or need. 这些词均表示过剩的、多余的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an excess / a surplus amount◆excess / surplus demand / supply◆excess / spare / surplus cash / capacity / energy◆excess / surplus / leftover food ■ excess ˈekses [only before noun] more than is necessary, usual or legal 超额的；超出的；过度的◆Excess food is stored as fat.多余的食物化作脂肪贮存起来。◆Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.驾车时血液里酒精含量过高是严重的违法行为。▸ excess

noun

 [uncountable, singular] ◆The drug can be harmful if taken in excess.过量服用这种药可能有害。◆He started drinking to excess after losing his job.他失业后便开始酗酒。◆The increase will not be in excess of (= more than) two per cent.增幅不会超过百分之二。◆Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?你生活中的压力是否太大？■ spare [usually before noun] that is not being used or is not needed at the present time; kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use 不用的；闲置的；备用的◆We've got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay.要是愿意你就住下，我们有一间空卧室。◆I'm afraid I haven't got any spare cash.抱歉，我手头没有闲钱。◆Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服，身上弄湿了可以换。■ surplus ˈsɜːpləs; NAmE ˈsɜːrpləsmore than is needed or used 过剩的；多余的◆Surplus grain is being sold for export.过剩的谷物正销往国外。◆These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed).这几项不需要。▸ surplus

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆ (rather formal) Agricultural surpluses lead to the disposal of thousands of tonnes of food every year.农产品过剩造成每年有数千吨食物被丢弃。◆After meeting domestic needs any surplus will be exported.满足国内需求后所有的剩余产品都销往国外。OPP deficit , shortage ⇨ lack NOTE 辨析 Excess, spare or surplus? Spare is the most informal of these words, and is the one that is most likely to be used in spoken language and everyday contexts. Surplus is often used in business contexts to refer to extra goods or money. 这些词中spare最不正式，最常用于口语和日常语境。surplus常用于商务语境，指剩余商品或资金◆surplus stock / material / products, surplus capital / funds / income / profits剩余库存／材料／产品；剩余资本／资金／收入／利润To talk about an extra amount that is seen as a bad thing, excess is often used. * excess常指不好的事物过多的◆excess body fat / carbon dioxide / baggage过多的体内脂肪／二氧化碳；超重行李 ■ superfluous suːˈpɜːfluəs, sjuːˈpɜːfluəs; NAmE suːˈpɜːrfluəs [not usually before noun] (rather formal) more than you need or want 过多；多余◆She gave him a look that made words superfluous.她看了他一眼，这已表明一切，无须多言了。■ leftover ˈleftəʊvə(r); NAmE ˈleftoʊvər [only before noun] still remaining after you have eaten, drunk or used what you want or need 吃剩的；过剩的；多余的◆Use any leftover meat to make a curry.要是有剩肉就把它做成咖喱菜。ⓘ Leftover is used especially to talk about food, but it can also be used to talk about a supply of other things. * leftover尤用来修饰食物，但也可修饰其他东西◆leftover vegetables / porridge吃剩的蔬菜／粥◆leftover paper / paint / wool剩余的纸张／油漆／毛线   see also leftover ⇨ remains noun 2

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