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work

Word family 
Related topics: Industry, Maths
work1 /wɜːk $ wɜːrk/ ●●● S1 W1 verb  
1  do a job for money 为挣钱而工作 [intransitiveI]WORK/DO WORK to do a job that you are paid for 受雇，从事…工作
 Where do you work?
你在哪里上班？
 Many young people in the area have never worked.
该地区的许多年轻人从未工作过。
 The injury means he’ll probably never work again.
这伤意味着他很有可能再也不能工作了。
work for
 He works for a law firm.
他在一家律师事务所工作。
work at/in
 I work at the university.
我在这所大学工作。
work as
 She works as a consultant for a design company.
她在一家设计公司当顾问。
work in industry/education/publishing etc
 The studies were undertaken by people working in education.
这些研究是教育界人士做的。
work part-time/full-time
 I work part-time in a library.
我在一家图书馆兼职。
n GRAMMAR: Prepositions with work
You work in a city or area:
He works in Manhattan.
You work in a type of place such as a bank, shop, or factory:
She works in a library.
You work at a particular place or organization:
She works at the Library of Congress.
You work for a person, company, or organization that employs you:
He works for his father.
We both work for the same company.
You work in an industry or a type of job, for example education, advertising, or IT:
He works in advertising.
You work as a waiter, cashier, accountant etc:
She works as a cook.
✗Don’t say: She works as cook.
You work on a project or task:
Several people worked on the report.
2  do your job 做工作 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]WORK/DO WORK to do the activities and duties that are part of your job 工作，干活
 Sally isn’t working tomorrow.
萨莉明天不上班。
 Staff will have to get used to a new way of working.
员工必须适应新的工作方式。
work with
 One of the women I work with is getting married this weekend.
我的一位女同事这个周末结婚。
work under somebody (=have someone who is in charge of you) 在某人领导下工作
 Each site has a fully trained team who work under a site manager.
每个工地都有一支训练有素的队伍，在工地经理手下工作。
work days/nights/weekends etc
 I get paid more if I work nights.
我要是上夜班就可以多拿工资。
 We’re sometimes expected to work twelve-hour days.
我们有时候需要一天工作12小时。
 Are you working late (=working after the time you usually finish) again tonight?
你今晚又要加班吗？
 Forty police officers are working round the clock (=working day and night without stopping) to find Murray’s killer.
为了找出杀害默里的凶手，40名警察正日夜工作。
 Nowadays, many people are able to work from home.
如今，很多人可以在家工作。
3  help 帮助 [intransitiveI]WORK/DO WORK if you work with someone or a group of people, your job involves trying to help them 从事帮助〔某人或某群体〕的工作
4  do an activity 从事活动 [intransitiveI]WORK/DO WORK to spend time and effort doing something 〔花费时间和精力〕做〔某事〕
5  try to achieve STH 争取做成某事 [intransitiveI]TRY TO DO OR GET something to try continuously to achieve a particular thing 努力取得，力争
6  machine/equipment 机器/设备
7  be effective/successful 有效/成功 [intransitiveI]SUCCEED IN DOING something to be effective or successful 有效，起作用
8  have an effect 有效果 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]EFFECT/INFLUENCE if something such as a fact, situation, or system works in a particular way, it has a particular effect on someone or something 有影响
9  art/style/literature 艺术/风格/文学 [intransitiveI]EFFECTIVE if a painting, design, piece of writing etc works, it is successful because it has the effect on you that the painter, writer etc intended 〔画作、设计、文章等〕奏效，产生预期效果
10. shape/cut STH 让某物成形/切割某物 [transitiveT]TIC if you work a material such as metal, leather, or clay, you cut, sew, or shape it in order to make something 〔通过切割、缝纫等〕使〔金属、皮革、陶土等〕成形[定形]
11  use a substance 使用某种材料 [intransitiveI]TIC to use a particular material or substance in order to make something such as a picture, design, jewellery etc 〔用某种材料〕作画[设计，制作珠宝等]
12  work your way to/through etc something 
Examples from the Corpus
work your way to/through etc something• And national campaign finance reform began to work its way through the U. S. Congress.• For nearly two hours he worked his way through his agenda, more administration and finance today than scientific exploration.• He would stand in the gents' cubicle and work his way through the fantasy, peeing in synchronization with the finale.• I realize that I need to work my way through the next passages with care and delicacy.• Magistrates are working their way through questioning all the officers who participated in the raid, beginning with the 13 commanders.• The engine started to sound rough, but she thought it would work its way through and ignored it.• Tom, like most of the others, will need lots of reinforcement as he works his way through the change.• We are attempting to work our way through all these questions.
13. work your way through school/college/university etc to do a job while you are a student because you need the money to pay for your courses, books etc 打工读完中学/大学等
Examples from the Corpus
work your way through school/college/university etc• He worked his way through college, performing menial tasks in exchange for reduced tuition.
14  move gradually 逐渐移动 [intransitiveI, transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]MOVE something OR somebodyMOVE/CHANGE POSITION to move into a particular state or position very gradually, either in a series of small movements or after a long time 逐步移动到〔某位置〕；逐渐达到〔某状态〕
15  exercise 锻炼 [transitiveT]MOVE something OR somebody to use and exercise a muscle or part of your body 使〔身体肌肉或某部位〕活动起来
16  move 活动 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] formal if a part of your body works or you work it, it moves （使）〔身体部位〕抽动，颤动
17  work in an area 在某地区工作 [transitiveT] especially American EnglishAmETRAVEL if you work a particular area or type of place, you travel around the area for your job, or work in that type of place 从事〔某区域的〕工作；在…工作
18  work the door to take tickets from people as they enter a club, theatre etc 〔在夜总会、剧院等门口〕收票，检票
19  entertain a crowd 娱乐众人 [transitiveT] if an entertainer or politician works a crowd of people, they entertain them and get their interest or support 〔艺人〕娱乐〔观众〕；〔政客为获得支持〕取悦〔众人〕
20  land/soil 土地/土壤 [transitiveT]TAC if you work the land, soil etc, you do all the work necessary to grow crops on it 耕种
21. mine 矿 [transitiveT]TI to remove a substance such as coal, gold, or oil from under the ground 开采〔煤、金、石油等〕
22  work like magic/work like a charm  (also work a treat British English)EFFECTIVE to be very effective 非常灵验，非常有效
23. mind/brain 智力/头脑 [intransitiveI]THINK ABOUT if your mind or brain is working, you are thinking or trying to solve a problem 〔大脑〕思考，〔脑筋〕开动
24  work on the principle/assumption/basis etc that to base ideas, plans etc on a particular fact that you think is true 以某原则/假设/基础等为前提
Examples from the Corpus
work on the principle/assumption/basis etc that• Gamekeepers worked on the principle that any other animals that preyed on pheasants must be ruthlessly eliminated.• When a crime is reported to the police they do not work on the assumption that anyone could have done it.• It works on the assumption that each side is willing to move from its starting point during the negotiations.• The therapy works on the principle that like cures like.• They work on the principle that most people pay up if they're pestered for long enough.• Politicians seem to work on the assumption that the early bird catches the voter.• These devices work on the principle that the oscillating frequency of a crystal under an applied voltage changes with crystal mass.• It works on the principle that the pursuer will not be able to change direction as efficiently as the prey.
25  work yourself into a frenzy/panic/state etc CAUSEto make yourself become very nervous, angry etc 使自己变得疯狂/恐慌/紧张等
Examples from the Corpus
work yourself into a frenzy/panic/state etc• Make sure that the horse stays calm and does not work himself into a frenzy.• You're working yourself into a state.• I could see at once he was working himself into a panic about it all.• I knew I was working myself into a state, but I kept on staring at the picture of the dead girl.• It was silly to work himself into a state like this.• A 16-year-old girl works herself into a frenzy of grief for a friend killed by right-wing vigilantes.
26  work it/things spokenARRANGE A MEETING, EVENT ETC to make arrangements for something to happen, especially by behaving in a clever or skilful way 〔尤指巧妙地〕设法安排
Examples from the Corpus
work it/things• He had worked it all out, everything.• For the purpose of this work it has two meanings, one musical and one socioeconomic.• In the light of revisionist work it is difficult to treat Nicholas's resistance to liberal reform as a matter of chance or historical accident.• Don't try and work it out any more.• Every work it says here is true.• In terms of work it was a real way out for Hereward from his appalling home background.• Hard work it was, but good, clean fun.• But no one should underestimate the amount of hard work it would take.
27  work the system to understand how a system works so that you can get advantages for yourself, often in a slightly dishonest way 钻空子
Examples from the Corpus
work the system• Accountants would always be kept busy showing the rest of us how to work the system.• Many say privately that for whatever reason, too many black parents fail to work the system.• They are all working the system.• It is better if this problem can be avoided by having the operators work the system properly.
28  work somebody hard  (also work somebody into the ground informal)WORK HARD to make someone work very hard 让〔某人〕辛苦工作
Examples from the Corpus
work somebody hard• The bank's managers admit that they work their employees hard, but on the other hand they pay good wages.• Sometimes I think that they work us too hard in this office.
29. work your fingers to the bone  (also work your socks off informal)WORK HARD to work very hard 拼命干活；努力工作
Examples from the Corpus
work your fingers to the bone• In those days we got up at 5 in the morning, and worked our fingers to the bone.• His mother had had a hard life - had worked her fingers to the bone bringing up six children.
30. work your butt/ass/arse off not polite to work very hard 拼命干活
Examples from the Corpus
work your butt/ass/arse off• In short, I worked my butt off.• I work my butt off for you, while that restaurant is doing worse and worse.• You could have worked your butt off helping a rep and you finally got the rep doing everything right.• I worked my butt off in basketball and stayed on the varsity-in fact, did well.• Meanwhile, Inspiral Carpets went in at grass roots level and worked their butts off in the clubs.• I had to give the ball up, and then I had work my butt off to get it back.
31. calculate 计算 [transitiveT] American EnglishAmE formalHM to calculate the answer to a mathematical problem 计算，算出〔数学题的答案〕
32. work to rule British EnglishBrEBEL to protest about a situation at work by doing your job slowly, with the excuse that you must obey all the rules exactly 故意严守规章而少干活，按章工作
Examples from the Corpus
work to rule• Video-Tape, no voice over ARNCOTT/Oxfordshire Prison officers at Bullingdon prison near Bicester began their work to rule last night.• Plants work to rules rather different from those of animals.
33  (it) works for me/you etc spoken used to say that something is very suitable for someone and does exactly what they wanted or expected 这很适合我
n34  work a trend/look etc to wear something fashionable – used especially in magazines
→ work wonders at wonder2(4), → work miracles at miracle(4), → work your magic at magic1(5) PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
work• "I can't open the jar." "Try putting it in hot water. That sometimes works."• His illness eventually prevented him from working.• I've tried several different diets, but none of them seem to work.• Even where reform has been radical, it has not always worked.• Does the old tape recorder still work?• Does the TV work?• I've been working all day in the garden.• He's changed his job and is now working as a consultant for a German firm.• Her father was an artist who sometimes worked as a salesman and labourer.• For nineteen years, my father worked for the General Electric Corporation.• Frank's been working here for 32 years.• I'd never worked in a lab before I came here.• The research represents the second stage of cross-national collaborative studies undertaken by colleagues working in education in a number of countries.• It is the people who work in the institutions who are most exposed to our dislike.• I bought a bottle of stain remover, and it worked like magic.• Are you prepared to work longer hours occasionally, to get the work done?• Five mornings a week, she worked on campus.• I have to work on Saturday too.• Voice over 16 officers are still working on the case full time.• MacArthur says that the husband alone should work outside the home.• I have no idea how to work these new phones.• Does anyone here know how to work this microwave?• He only works three days a week now.• an organization that is working to preserve California's redwood trees• Not all cancer patients prefer to continue working while undergoing treatment.• Four teachers agreed to work without pay until things were settled.
work for• I think Linda works for a law firm.• Trainor spent a lifetime working for equal rights.• My Dad's been working for IBM for over twenty years.• Russell is working as a software developer for Microsoft.• How long have you worked for Mr Jackson?
work with• Jerry will be working with me on the project.
work with/among• Anyone who worked with him recognised his uncanny ability to find something oddly heroic in all the manifestations of human weakness.• They made no objections to my method and seemed to enjoy working with me.• He worked with Ramsey on several ecumenical committees and respected his mind.• I saw outstanding examples of team work with results impressive in their professionalism.• Also, the posts were round in cross-section, whereas we always worked with square ones.• Macro does a lot of work with the federal government.• More people are going back to work with their hands than ever before.• Now he has had a chance to work with them and perhaps better understands the intricacies of their job.
work ... hard• For some managers a busy looking, paper strewn desk, seems to convey that they are very busy and working hard.• We were well educated and we worked hard.• There is an new bread of youth, an elite who work hard and play hard.• Or they make a sumptuous meal and they work very hard and watch their children and wait for their men.• Carrington worked hard, and with dedication, winning a scholarship.• This is your night, your class, and you've worked hard for it.• Instead, they must work hard throughout the period of change until they have integrated new behaviors into daily routines.• Our distributors worked hard to sell our products.
work to do something• I believed we were working to build a wonderful future.• It takes time and work to build credibility.• More and more are going into politics with the specific intention of working to change the present unjust system.• He said the airline was now working to clear the backlog, with the delayed flights expected to depart within 24 hours.• He worked to dispel his doubts about his friend as though to pass another test, like his ordeal in the park.• In the United States, researchers are working to find the chemical responsible for odour changes. 6.• We worked hard to persuade the French to attend the meeting.• The Connecticut couple went to Wiedenheft and are working to salvage their marriage.• What's more, a steering box's non-reversibility works to your advantage in a front-drive car.
get something to work• Danger is a great thing for getting the body to work!• I'd like the Laboratory building checked first, and as quickly as possible so that the staff can get back to work.• Instead, the two have got together to work on a new service where users will pay for their downloads.• It sounds simple, but Aprilia and Orbital faced a tough challenge getting the system to work.• Lunch is over and she has to get back to work.• Or can I get the heater to work?• When you succeed, pat yourself on the back, take a five-minute break to celebrate, then get back to work.
work against• Tax laws tend to work against small businesses.
work in ... favour• But de Gaulle held firm because he knew that time was working in his favour.• Some analysts argue that this could work in Merrem's favour.• Somehow it all works in their favour.• The contrast with Yeats is instructive, and it doesn't work in Pound's favour.• Remember - anything that reduces the casualty count will work in your favour because of your fixed rank bonus.• Also, the preponderance of men means that the mating game works in favour of women.• Bags can work in our favour too.
work in/with• A similar dynamic was at work with a 1998 initiative campaign that would have allowed open primaries.• He does not show up for work in a bathrobe, even a White House one.• We spend 6 weeks working with local churches doing outreach, and then have one final week of school.• But when they are scalping, they are working in the public interest.• Many people ask to work in the shop, he says.• Petar now goes by the name of Peter and works in the Unmik administration.• I prefer to work in watercolors.• Obviously, works in which the composer creates a continuous musical bridge between one movement and the next.• That doesn't happen when some one works with you as a director, and Jack was like a director, too.
work (its way) loose• Check that all cables are firmly in their sockets and have not worked loose.• I therefore put muzzles on all the ferrets I intend to work loose.• It was these bolt which had worked loose.• Since aluminium expands more than steel the steel bolts had worked loose.• This stops them working loose as yours have done and subsequently ruining the engine.?• If these work loose, feedback can arise, so check and tighten if necessary.• The males are usually used as line ferrets and the females are worked loose, muzzled or otherwise.
Related topics: Arts, Physics
work2 ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  job 工作 [uncountableU]JOB/WORK a job or activity that you do regularly, especially in order to earn money 工作；职业 → employment
2  place 地点 [uncountableU]WORK FOR somebody a place where you do your job, which is not your home 工作地点；办公室
3  duties 责任 [uncountableU]WORK THAT somebody DOES the duties and activities that are part of your job 差事；职务
4  result 成果 [uncountableU]WORK THAT somebody DOES something that you produce as a result of doing your job or doing an activity 工作成果；产品
5  papers etc 文件等 [uncountableU] the papers and other materials you need for doing work 〔工作所需的〕文件及材料
6  book/painting/music 书/画/音乐 [countableC]A something such as a painting, play, piece of music etc that is produced by a painter, writer, or musician 著作；〔艺术〕作品
7  activity 活动 [uncountableU]WORK THAT somebody DOES when you use physical or mental effort in order to achieve something 〔花费体力或脑力做的〕事情；工作
8  study 学习 [uncountableU]WORK THAT somebody DOES study or research, especially for a particular purpose 〔尤指为某一目的进行的〕学习，研究
9  at work 
10  the (whole) works spokenALL/EVERYTHING used after mentioning several things, to emphasize that someone or something has everything you can think of 所有的东西，全部
Examples from the Corpus
the (whole) works• Since that time the shop at the works receiving another coat of paint and final decoration.• Dozens of palm trees are being planted at key intersections, and plans are in the works to improve street lighting.• The plan to merge Hemlo and Battle Mountain Gold has been in the works for two years.• He was an anglophile and an enthusiast of the works of Jeremy Bentham.• I'd like a hot dog with ketchup, onions...the works.• I run into the bathroom and floss deodorize brush spray the works the usual.• And that you learn to groom Goosedown, and feed her, and take care of her tack, the whole works.• Of these about 40 lived in hutted accommodation adjacent to the works, whilst the remainder lived in lodgings in the surrounding villages.• When we come to the works of man, cellulose is still in the leading place.
11  nice work/quick work spokenPRAISE used to praise someone for doing something well or quickly 干得好/干得快 〔用于称赞某人〕
12  something is in the works/pipeline informal used to say that something is being planned or developed 某事在计划中；某事在筹备中
Examples from the Corpus
something is in the works/pipeline• The suit is meant to head off a legal attack against it by Apple which Quorum believes is in the works.• But Sassa said no time change is in the works.• Hence the suspicion that a compromise is in the works.• Legislation is in the works to encourage states to improve planning and prevention.• A Sprint spokeswoman declined comment, but company sources confirmed the plan is in the works.• A high-school program is in the works.• Another, even larger project is in the works just north of Puerto Pe asco.
13  works 
Examples from the Corpus
ironworks/gasworks/cement etc works• Pennsylvania, because it has a concentration of steel and cement works.• Albert Batchelor constructed a small cement works on the site known as Clinkham works which continued to operate until 1931.
14. the works TEthe moving parts of a machine 〔机器的〕活动机件 SYN mechanism
Examples from the Corpus
the works• And the works of Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas were seen as just adventure stories.• The school needs new computers, calculators, chairs, cooking utensils...basically, the works.• I found the works to be incomplete or inadequate, mainly from an orchestral point of view.• The plan to merge Hemlo and Battle Mountain Gold has been in the works for two years.• Chiron has a number of new vaccine candidates in the works.• They had a poison pen in the works.• "What would you like on your hotdog -- mustard, ketchup, relish?" "Give me the works."• In particular, they should give pupils the opportunity to gain some experience of the works of Shakespeare.• He recognised the vigour that these imparted to the works of Rubens and Veronese.• The defendant contended it accrued when the works were completed, in which event the action is statute-barred.
15  operation 手术 [uncountableU] an operation to make you look younger or more attractive 整容手术 SYN cosmetic surgery
16  have your work cut out (for you) informalDIFFICULT used to say that it will be very difficult to do something （某人）做某事很困难
Examples from the Corpus
have your work cut out (for you)• The home team has not beaten the Scarlets for some dozen matches and should still have their work cut out to win.• They have their work cut out adapting themselves to it, and it to themselves.• They have their work cut out for them.• We have our work cut out for us.• Whoever takes on the trout farm will have their work cut out.• Election monitors will have their work cut out.• So you have your work cut out for you.
17  make short/light work of something to do something very quickly and easily 迅速/轻松地干完某事
Examples from the Corpus
make short/light work of something• The second game we pull away early and make short work of it.• Guernsey made short work of the opposition when they won the event on home soil in 1990.• Fourth placed Guisborough made short work of the opposition at Saltburn.• Carmen would have made short work of Michael too.• It made short work of our Windows performance tests, WinTach, clocking up an impressive index of over 9.3.• But she made light work of polishing off the shopping at a supermarket near her West London home.• It is fair to warn anglers that thousands of crabs soon make short work of rag and lugworm.• Willie Thorne made light work of the promising Nottinghamshire youngster, Anthony Hamilton, as he eased into the last 16.
18  make heavy/hard work of something to do something with difficulty 辛苦地做某事
Examples from the Corpus
make heavy/hard work of something• You can make hard work of an easy job if you don't know the right way to go.• She was making hard work of plucking the goose.
19  be a work in progress to not be finished or perfect yet 仍未完成，尚未完善
20. all work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy) used to say that you should not spend all your time working, but should spend some of your time relaxing 只工作不娱乐[只会干不会玩]（会把人变傻）
21. force 力 [uncountableU] technicalHP force multiplied by distance 〔物理学上的〕功
→ be all in a day’s work at day(21), → do somebody’s dirty work at dirty1(8), → a nasty piece of work at nasty(7), → nice work if you can get it at nice(12)
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 3
verbs
start work 开始工作
He started work as a trainee accountant.
他从会计实习生做起。
look for work (also seek work formal) 找工作
Young people come to town looking for work.
年轻人进城来找工作。
find work (=get a job) 找到工作
It was difficult for them to find work.
他们很难找到工作。
return to work/go back to work 返回工作岗位
His doctor agreed he was fit enough to return to work.
医生也认为他身体恢复的很不错，可以回去工作了。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + work
part-time work 兼职工作
In recent years part-time work has become more popular.
近年来兼职工作越来越流行。
full-time work 全职工作
Are you available for full-time work?
你能干全职工作吗？
paid work 拿薪酬的工作
She hasn’t done any paid work since she had children.
她自从有了孩子以后就没做过任何有薪酬的工作。
secretarial/clerical/office work 秘书/文书/办公室工作
nI have a background in secretarial work.
nShe had done clerical work before she married.
legal work (=work done by lawyers) 法律工作
nHe will handle all the legal work.
manual work (=work done with your hands) 体力活
nMost of them were employed in manual work.
voluntary work British EnglishBrE, volunteer work American EnglishAmE (=a job you are not paid for) 志愿工作，义务工作
nShe also did voluntary work in a girls’ club.
somebody’s daily work (=the work someone does every day) 某人的日常工作
nWhen they finished their daily work they would be too tired for much except rest.
phrases
somebody’s line of work (=type of work) 某人的行业[行当]
I meet lots of interesting people in my line of work.
我干这一行可以认识许多有趣的人。
nthe work environment
It is important to have a pleasant work environment.
nwork practices
She supported me enthusiastically in bringing in new work practices.
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 7: when you use physical or mental effort in order to achieve something 〔花费体力或脑力做的〕事情；工作
verbs
ncarry out work
The work should be carried out without further delay.
ndo work
He was doing some work on his father’s car.
set to/get to/get down to work (=start work) 开始工作
nThey set to work cutting down trees and brushwood.
nundertake work
About a three adults in ten undertake voluntary work.
nwork starts/begins
Work had already started on the bridge when the error was spotted.
nwork continues
Work is continuing on three major building projects.
nadjectives
hard
It’s been very hard work, but I’ve loved every moment of it.
backbreaking (=very tiring)
Clearing the garden was slow, backbreaking work.
arduous (=needing a lot of effort)
This was physically arduous work.
heavy work (=hard physical work)
The heavy work is done by the gardener.
light work (=work that is not physically hard)
He had been ill, but she found him some light work to do.
Examples from the Corpus
work• For this reason, parents are always welcome to see their children at work in our school.• Her mother tried to call her at home and then at work.• David tries to avoid work at all times.• Have you ever done bar work before?• Are you still involved in charity work?• He's doing construction work these days.• He eventually found work as a labourer on a construction site.• Finally, I would like to thank all the staff for their hard work this year.• She is surrounded by books and papers; her desk piled high with correspondence relating to her work.• Her later works reflected her growing depression.• I'm not doing any more work on the house this year, I can't be bothered.• His last few speeches had been awful, and he knew he had to put more work into them.• Who says museum work doesn't pay?• Handel's "Messiah" is one of the most majestic musical works ever written.• A major new work by one of Poland's leading film directors will be shown next Saturday.• A considerable amount of work was necessary to establish even this basic framework.• A quick change can be effected by using this additional experience to point to another type of work.• Rawls's work reaches somewhat different conclusions concerning justice and equality to that of Hayek.• 'Where's Dave?' 'He's outside, doing some work on the car, I think.'• He liked the work, and he was good at it too.• An opportunity was afforded when the council supported El Universal in its uncomplimentary evaluation of the work of the early independence leaders.• Being in the police isn't all action. Administration is a large part of the work we do.• His injuries have made it impossible for him to go back to work.• Alexander commutes 30 miles to work each day.• Could I ride with you to work tomorrow?• How do you like your work?
out of work• Jean's been out of work for six months.• In some of the more desolate regions, half of the active population is out of work.• The number of people out of work and claiming benefit fell by 18,000 in August to 1,051,300.• Punishing the young Young people aged 18-24 years who remain out of work can lose benefits.• It is running out of working cash because it has £ 44m worth of books in stock.• Ron and Melanie found themselves out of work and deep in debt.• Naturally, most people thrown out of work do not like it and suffer psychological stress.• He was out of work for twelve months.• The money went for staffers who were out of work when the probe ended.
at work• Danger! Men at work.• It's great seeing his diplomatic skills at work.• She's still at work. I'll ask her to call you when she gets home.
starts work• In the mornings Elaine can not get up before 9am - which is when her care assistant starts work.• His committee starts work next week.• She starts work at eight-thirty with Blakelock.
a piece of work• It was a triumph, as a piece of work.• Looking at a piece of work on the board Mrs Singh said she wanted her son to write like that.• This may be a piece of work offering straight forward short-term helping around obtaining a service.• It is an opportunity to experience at a practical level the pleasures of creating a piece of work or joining and dance.• Crude as Farley plays it, his endearing-blowfish persona is quite a piece of work.• The result is that a piece of work takes a long time to complete.• He took a piece of work with him to finish.• When a piece of work is late they enquire as to their prey's health, and mention an upcoming pay review.
work on• Peter's in the kitchen working on his model airplanes.• Scales and finger exercises are the areas to work on if you want to improve your technique.• Your tennis playing is getting better, but you need to work on your serve.
carry out/do work• Between 1390 and 1398 Lewyn was carrying out work at Finchale priory, subordinate to Durham Cathedral.
From Longman Business Dictionary
workwork1 /wɜːkwɜːrk/ verb
1[intransitiveI] to do a job that you are paid for
Harry is 78 and still working.
Most of the people I went to school with work in factories.
work for
David works for a broadcasting company.
work as
She works as a financial consultant.
2[intransitiveI, transitiveT]HUMAN RESOURCES to do the activities or duties that are part of your job
Sally isn’t working tomorrow.
I’m tired of working ten-hour days.
3[transitiveT]MARKETING to travel around a particular area as part of your job, especially in order to sell something
Markovitz works the Tri-State area.
4[intransitiveI] to do an activity which needs time and effort
We had to work non-stop to get the book finished on time.
5work somebody hard to make someone use a lot of time and effort in a job or activity
The company is famous for working its employees hard.
6[transitiveT] if you work a particular material such as metal, leather etc, you cut or shape it in order to make something
7work the land/soilFARMING to do all the work necessary to grow crops on a piece of land
Our family has worked this land for generations.
8work a mineMANUFACTURING to remove a substance such as coal, gold, or oil from a mine
9[intransitiveI] if a machine or piece of equipment works, it does what it is supposed to do
Is the photocopier working now?
10[transitiveT] to operate a machine or piece of equipment
The check-out is slow, because only two clerks work the cash registers.
11[intransitiveI] if a method, plan, or system works, it produces the results you want
The article gives a good understanding of how the pharmaceutical research process works.
12[intransitiveI] if something such as a fact, situation, or system works in a particular way, it has a particular effect on somebody or something
The tax laws tend to work against small companies.
13work an organization/system etc to know how to influence an organization etc in order to achieve something
Those who advance in this environment are people with an instinct for securing supplies, cultivating connections and working the system.
14work your way up if you work your way up, or work your way up in an organization, your jobs in it become more and more important
They have spent their entire careers at the firm and worked their way up the ranks.
15work to rule British EnglishBrE, work to contract American EnglishAmEHUMAN RESOURCES to protest about a situation at work by doing your job less quickly or effectively than usual, but without breaking your employer’s rules or the terms of your contract
The staff are not on strike but are working to rule.
→ see also work-to-rule
→ work out
workwork2 noun [uncountableU]
1the job you are paid to do or an activity that you do regularly to earn money
My father started work when he was 14.
The work was interesting and well paid.
He eventually found work on a construction site.
She’s been out of work (=not had a job) for almost a year now.
He has been off work (=not working because of illness) for four weeks because of his wrist condition.
Many women take part-time work while they are raising children.
6.3 million people are working part time but would prefer full-time work.
→ casual work → piece work
2a place where you do your job, which is not your home
He left work at the usual time.
Jo’s still at work.
3HUMAN RESOURCESthe duties and activities that are part of your job
What kind of work are you looking for?
A large part of the work we do involves using computers.
I wouldn’t be very good at manual work (=hard physical work).
4work in progress abbreviation WIP British EnglishBrE work or products that are in the process of being done or made, but are not yet finished
Some journals expect editors to retain responsibility for work in progress when they leave.
5work in process abbreviation WIP American EnglishAmE work or products that are in the process of being done or made, but are not yet finished
→ see also works
Origin work1
Old English wyrcan
 work2
Old English werc, weorc
work1 verb
→10-19
→20-34

→n GRAMMAR1 →PHRASAL VERBS1work2 noun
→10-21

→5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →COLLOCATIONS1 →COLLOCATIONS2
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work

noun¹

 1effort/product of effort努力；努力的成果ADJECTIVE | ... OF WORK | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | WORK + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤hard艱苦的工作；難事◇It's hard work trying to get him to do a few things for himself.讓他為自己做幾件事是很難的。◇It doesn't require skill－it's a matter of sheer hard work.這工作不要求技巧，它純粹是一件力氣活兒。➤arduous, back-breaking, challenging, complicated, demanding, difficult, gruelling/grueling, intensive, labour-intensive/labor-intensive, tiring, tough艱巨的／極其繁重的／具有挑戰性的／複雜的／要求高的／困難的／使人筋疲力盡的／緊張的／勞動密集型的／累人的／棘手的工作◇The show is the product of two years' intensive work.這場演出是緊張工作了兩年的成果。➤tireless不知疲倦的工作◇Through their tireless work, they proved his innocence.通過不懈的努力，他們證明了他是無辜的。➤rewarding有益的工作▸➤heavy繁重的工作◇They employ a couple of young men to do the heavy work.他們雇了幾個年輕人做這項繁重的工作。➤donkey (BrE, informal) 單調乏味的苦差事◇I did the donkey work (= hard work requiring little skill) but I hired a professional for the hard part.我自己做那些沒什麼技術含量的苦差事，但是雇了專業人員來完成棘手的部份。➤grunt (NAmE, informal) 費力而乏味的苦差事◇He has done the grunt work (= the hard, boring part of a task), sifting through thousands of official records.他完成了篩選數千個官方記錄的苦差事。➤light輕鬆的工作◇She's only allowed to do a little light work because of her bad arm.她胳臂有傷，所以只許她做一點兒輕鬆的工作。➤easy容易做的事▸➤close精細的活兒◇I need to wear glasses for close work.我幹細緻活兒時需要戴眼鏡。➤physical體力活兒▸➤delicate細緻的工作▸➤dangerous危險的工作▸➤dirty髒活兒；卑鄙的勾當◇Engine maintenance is dirty work.維修發動機是個髒活兒。◇The drugs gang used children to do their dirty work for them. (figurative) 販毒團夥利用兒童為他們做違法的事。➤monotonous, repetitive, tedious單調的工作；重複性工作；乏味的活兒▸➤fascinating, interesting有吸引力的／有趣的工作▸➤purposeful有意義的工作◇Many unemployed people welcome the chance to do purposeful work, even if unpaid.許多失業人員即使沒有報酬也樂意做有意義的工作。➤valuable有價值的工作◇The research institute needs funds in order to carry on its valuable work.研究所需要資金以便繼續進行有價值的工作。➤professional專業工作▸➤men's, women's男人的／女人的活兒◇They think that caring for children is women's work.他們認為照料孩子是女人的事。➤intellectual, mental腦力勞動▸➤creative, imaginative創作；富於想像力的工作▸➤practical實際工作 (see also fieldwork, paperwork) ➤detective, investigative刑偵／調研性工作▸➤undercover秘密工作◇The scandal was revealed after months of undercover work by journalists.經過新聞記者數個月的暗中調查，醜聞被揭露出來。➤leg (usually legwork) 外出搜集情況的工作◇Her job as a market researcher involves a lot of legwork (= walking around to collect information).作為市場調查員，她的工作需要經常外出搜集信息。➤class, course (usually coursework) , school (usually schoolwork) 課堂／課程／學校作業◇She was getting distracted from her schoolwork.她做作業時心不在焉。➤written書面作業◇His written work is the best in the class.他的書面作業是班上最好的。➤individual個人的工作▸➤group集體工作▸➤project項目工作▸➤collaborative, joint合作性的／聯合的工作◇classroom activities involving collaborative work between children需要孩子們相互之間合作的課堂活動◇The report is the joint work of an economist and a sociologist.這份報告是一位經濟學家和一位社會學家共同工作的成果。➤remedial, restoration補救性／修復工作◇The poorly designed bridge needs remedial work to make it safe.這座設計拙劣的橋需要做補救工作，以確保安全。➤background, preliminary, preparatory預備工作；準備工作▸➤follow-up後續工作➤extra額外的工作◇He's willing to do extra work to get the project finished on time.他願意加班以按時完成項目。➤honest誠實的勞動◇He preferred to make his money from honest work rather than from gambling.他寧願腳踏實地工作，而不願靠賭博賺錢。➤excellent, good, nice (informal) , outstanding, sterling (especially BrE) 出色的工作；幹得好；幹得不錯◇Nice work, James! I'm impressed.幹得好，詹姆斯！很不錯。◇In accepting the award, she mentioned the sterling work of her assistants.領獎時，她提到了助手們出色的工作。➤careful, meticulous, painstaking細心的活兒；需要下功夫的活兒▸➤poor, shoddy, sloppy幹得糟糕的活兒；粗劣的活兒；馬虎的工作▸➤charitable, humanitarian慈善事業；人道主義工作▸➤community, youth社區／青年工作➤missionary傳教工作▸➤groundbreaking, innovative, pioneering創新性工作；開拓性工作◇He did pioneering work on microbes.他在微生物研究方面做出了開拓性的工作。➤empirical, experimental實證工作；實驗工作➤theoretical理論工作▸➤academic, commercial, educational, environmental, scientific學術／商界／教育／環境／科學工作▸➤building, construction建築工作；施工工程➤cosmetic, dental美容／牙科工作◇She's had a lot of dental work done.她的牙齒已經診治過多次。➤your own自己幹的活兒◇Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others).這全是你自己幹的嗎？... OF WORK➤bit, piece一點兒／一項工作◇It was an interesting piece of work.那是一件有意思的工作。VERB + WORK➤carry out, do, put in開展工作；做工作；下功夫◇All the construction work was carried out in 2001.所有的施工工程都是 2001 年進行的。◇I had lots of work to do.當時我有很多事要做。◇She's put in a lot of work on the design.她在設計方面投入了大量的時間。➤get done, have done把工作完成◇I think I'd better try and get some work done.我想我最好還是設法完成一些工作。◇We're going to have some building work done on the house.我們打算把這所房子的某些部份搭建起來。➤create, make產生／帶來工作◇All these visitors make a lot of work for me.所有這些客人的到訪讓我忙個不停。➤produce做出成品◇Work produced on a computer tends to look more professional.在電腦上做出來的東西看起來專業些。➤get, have有事情做◇We get far too much work at this time of year.每年這個時候，我們有太多的事情要做。➤take on, undertake承擔工作◇I've taken on more work than I have time to do.我承擔的工作太多了，時間不夠用。➤begin, commence, get down to, set about, set to, start開始工作；着手工作◇They began work on the project last year.他們去年開始做這一項目。◇Stop talking and get down to work.別聊了，開始幹活兒吧。◇We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it).我們開始對房子進行外部修整。➤go about着手工作◇She went cheerfully about her work.她興高采烈地着手工作。➤carry on, continue, resume繼續工作；恢復工作▸➤complete, finish完成工作▸➤halt, hold up, stop暫停／耽擱／停止工作◇Work on the project was halted.這項工程暫停了。➤lose失去工作◇They lost the work to a competitor.他們輸給了對手，未能爭取到這項工作。➤undo補救工作◇The new president spent the first year undoing the work of his predecessor.新任總統在上任的第一年收拾前任總統留下的攤子。➤oversee, supervise監督工作◇The assistant manager supervises work on the factory floor.副經理在車間監督工作。➤check, inspect檢查／視察工作➤admire, appreciate, value欽佩／感激／重視工作◇I really appreciate all your hard work.你這麼努力，我真的很感激。➤support支持工作◇We give grants to support the work of voluntary organizations.我們撥款支持志願者組織的工作。➤set sb to安排某人幹活兒◇She set them to work painting the fence.她安排他們油漆柵欄。➤require需要做工作◇To carry out accurate market research requires a huge amount of work.進行精確的市場研究需要做大量的工作。➤hand in, submit提交完成的工作◇We're supposed to hand in this work tomorrow.按要求我們應該明天交這件活兒。WORK + VERB➤come工作到來◇The work comes in bursts according to the time of year.每年在不同時節工作會一撥兒一撥兒接踵而至。➤wait工作留到◇That work can wait until tomorrow.那工作可以留到明天做。➤go工作進展◇How's the work going this morning?今天上午工作進展如何？➤involve sth工作涉及⋯◇What does the work involve?這項工作包括些什麼？➤begin, start工作開始▸➤continue, go on工作繼續▸➤come to a halt, grind to a halt工作停頓下來◇Work came to a complete halt in the summer.工作在夏季完全停頓了下來。➤cost工作需要花費◇How much will the work cost?這項工作要花多少錢？WORK + NOUN➤ethic職業道德▸➤rate工作效率◇Her boss told her she had to increase her work rate.老闆告訴她要提高工作效率。➤habit工作習慣◇Children can learn good work habits at school.孩子們在學校能夠學到良好的學習習慣。➤programme/program, schedule工作方案／計劃➤crew (NAmE) 工作組◇The construction company has three work crews of five men each.這家建築公司有 3 個工作組，每組 5 人。➤load (usually workload) 工作量◇The instructor's work load was becoming increasingly heavy.講師的工作量越來越重。➤flow工作流程◇Her job is to manage the company's work flow.她的工作就是管理公司的工作流程。➤surface工作台◇Work surfaces should be left clear and clean.工作枱應該保持乾淨整潔。PREPOSITION➤at work在工作◇He's been hard at work all morning.他整個上午都在辛勤工作。➤work on在⋯上的工作◇I have to do some work on the car before it'll be ready.我得先修理一下汽車才能開。➤work with對⋯的工作◇She's done a lot of work with disadvantaged children.她為貧困兒童做了大量的工作。PHRASES➤a backlog of work積壓的工作◇It will take a month to clear the backlog of work.要花一個月的時間才能清理完積壓的工作。➤keep up the good work繼續好好地幹◇The hotel manager thanked the staff and told them to keep up the good work.飯店經理對員工表示感謝，並要求他們再接再厲。➤your life's work畢生的工作◇The art collection was his life's work.這批藝術品凝結着他畢生的心血。➤make light work of sth, make short work of sth (= to do sth quickly and easily) 不費力地／迅速地處理⋯◇Mike made short work of fixing the engine.邁克很快修好了發動機。➤not a stroke of work (especially BrE) 一點兒活兒也不（幹）◇She never does a stroke of work.她什麼工作都不幹。➤pressure of work工作壓力◇Pressure of work forced him to cancel the cruise.工作的壓力迫使他取消了乘船遊覽的計劃。➤work in progress進展中的工作◇The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展示廳作了設計，使人們可以看到尚未完工的作品。
work

noun²

 2job工作ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | WORK + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤paid, unpaid有償／無償工作◇She is now looking for paid work outside the home.她正在尋找家庭以外能賺錢的工作。➤lucrative, well-paid賺錢的／待遇優厚的工作▸➤badly paid待遇很低的工作▸➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職工作▸➤permanent永久性工作▸➤temporary臨時工作▸➤regular, steady固定的／穩定的工作◇He hasn't been in regular work since he left school.他畢業以來一直沒有固定的工作。➤casual零工；臨時工作◇During the college vacations he does casual work in the local hospital.學院放假期間他在當地的醫院裏做臨時工。➤freelance自由職業工作▸➤voluntary, volunteer志願工作▸➤skilled技術性工作▸➤semi-skilled半技術性工作▸➤unskilled非技術性工作▸➤manual體力勞動▸➤indoor, outdoor室內／室外工作▸➤daily, day-to-day, everyday, routine日常工作◇People went about their daily work despite the war.儘管有戰爭，人們還是在進行日常的工作。◇Ambulance crews alternate between emergency and routine work.救護車的工作小組交替做急救工作和常規工作。➤piece計件工作◇It's piece work, so how much you earn depends on how fast you can work.這是計件工作，所以掙多少取決於工作速度。➤administrative, clerical, office, secretarial行政／文書／辦公室／秘書工作▸➤managerial管理工作▸➤domestic家務活▸➤social社會工作▸➤research研究工作▸➤agricultural, farm農業勞動；農活▸➤building建築工作▸➤nice (informal, humorous) 好活兒；美差◇A hundred grand for two days a week? Nice work if you can get it!每週工作兩天掙 10 萬美元？假如能得到的話，那真是美差！VERB + WORK➤have得到工作◇He has some freelance work at the moment.目前他有一些自由職業工作。➤look for尋找工作◇He got laid off, so now he's looking for work again.他被裁了，所以現在又在找工作了。➤find, get找到／得到工作◇Full-time work is hard to find.全職工作很難找到。➤go to去上班◇I go to work by bus.我乘公共汽車上班。➤go out to外出工作◇Some mothers of young children choose not to go out to work.有些孩子尚小的母親選擇不外出工作。➤start開始工作▸➤finish, knock off (informal) 幹完活兒；下班◇What time do you finish work?你幾點下班？➤stop停止工作◇She stops work at the end of this month.她本月末結束工作。➤give up放棄工作◇Just before he was sixty, he decided to give up work.幾近花甲之年時，他決定不再工作了。➤go back to, return to恢復工作；再度上班◇She has just returned to work after the birth of her child.她生完小孩，剛剛回來上班。➤allocate, give分派工作➤outsource將工作外包▸➤coordinate協調工作◇Sales reps meet up monthly to coordinate their work.銷售代表每月碰頭以協調工作。➤enjoy, love喜歡工作；熱愛工作◇I'm lucky－I love my work.我很幸運 － 我熱愛自己的工作。WORK + VERB➤go工作進展◇Work's going well at the moment.目前工作進展順利。➤start工作開始◇What time does work start in the morning?上午幾點鐘開始工作？➤finish工作結束➤consist of sth, include sth, involve sth工作由⋯組成／包括⋯／涉及⋯◇Her work consists of drawing up and coordinating schedules.她的工作是擬訂和協調進度表。WORK + NOUN➤day, hours, week (especially NAmE) 工作日；工作時間；工作週◇Employees must not make personal calls during work hours.工作時間內員工不准打私人電話。➤force (usually workforce) 勞動人口▸➤place (usually workplace) 工作場所▸➤area, environment, room (usually workroom) 工作區；工作環境；工作間▸➤station (usually workstation) （計算機）工作站➤boots, clothes工作靴；工作服▸➤schedule工作日程表▸➤experience工作經驗◇The opportunities will depend on your work experience.是否有機會取決於你是否有工作經驗。◇He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering company. (BrE) 他正為一家工程公司無償工作一個月以獲得工作經驗。➤permit, visa工作許可證；工作簽證▸➤incentive工作的動力◇High income tax can undermine work incentives.收入所得稅偏高會削弱工作積極性。➤practice工作上的慣常做法◇An independent report has described some work practices in the industry as old-fashioned.一份獨立報告稱該行業的某些工作慣例過時了。➤stoppage停工PREPOSITION➤at work在工作；在辦公場所◇'Where's Diane?' 'She's at work.'“黛安娜在哪裏？”“她在上班。”◇We had a party at work.我們在辦公室搞了一個聚會。➤in (your) work有工作；在工作中◇With so much unemployment, I'm lucky to be in work. (BrE) 失業情況如此嚴重，我還有工作真是幸運。◇It's important to be happy in your work.對工作滿意很重要。➤off work (especially BrE) 沒有上班◇She's been off work with a bad back since July.她自 7 月份以來因背部疼痛一直沒有上班。➤out of work失業◇He's been out of work since the factory closed.自從工廠倒閉後，他就失業了。➤through work通過工作◇I met him through work.我在工作中結識了他。PHRASES➤a line of work行業◇'What line of work are you in?' 'Computing.'“你幹哪一行的？”“計算機。”➤a place of work工作地點
work

noun³

 3book/music/art書；音樂；藝術ADJECTIVE | ... OF WORK | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤classic, fine, great經典作品；佳作；偉大的作品▸➤definitive, seminal最權威的／有巨大影響的著作◇Her book is still considered the definitive work on beetles.她的書仍然被認為是甲蟲研究方面的權威性著作。➤best-known, well-known最有名的／著名的作品▸➤important, influential重要的／有影響的著作▸➤erudite, scholarly博大精深的／學術著作▸➤ambitious鴻篇巨著➤creative有創意的作品▸➤literary文學作品▸➤dramatic戲劇作品▸➤critical評論著作▸➤autobiographical, biographical自傳性作品；傳記著作▸➤artistic藝術作品➤photographic攝影作品➤sculptural雕刻作品▸➤art (usually artwork) 插圖◇The artwork in the book is superb.書中的插圖棒極了。➤untitled未命名的作品➤completed, finished已完成的作品◇The finished work will be on view in the city art gallery.這件已完成的作品將在市美術館展覽。➤unfinished未完成的作品➤collaborative合作作品➤solo個人作品➤commissioned委託的作品◇He does mainly commissioned portrait works.他主要是受人委託創作肖像作品。➤abstract, figurative, graphic抽象／具象／平面美術作品▸➤choral, orchestral合唱／管弦樂作品▸➤guitar, piano, etc.吉他曲、鋼琴曲等▸➤collected, complete作品集；作品全集◇the collected works of Stephen King斯蒂芬・金作品集➤early早期作品▸➤late, mature晚期／成熟期作品◇Picasso's mature works畢加索的成熟作品➤latest, present, previous, recent最新的／當前的／以前的／最近的作品◇These paintings are more abstract than her previous work.這些畫作比她以往的作品更抽象。➤copyrighted受版權保護的作品◇People are using file-sharing to steal copyrighted works.人們使用文件共享竊取受版權保護的作品。➤published已出版作品◇Her portfolio includes published works in several magazines.她的作品集包含已經在數本雜誌上發表過的作品。➤derivative衍生作品➤original原作... OF WORK➤series一系列作品▸➤collection, exhibit, exhibition (especially BrE) 作品集；作品展◇The gallery is staging a special exhibition of Monet's early works.這家美術館正在舉行莫奈早期作品特展。VERB + WORK➤compose, create, produce, write譜寫作品；創作作品；撰寫作品◇Beethoven composed his greatest works in the latter part of his life.貝多芬在晚年創作了他最傑出的作品。➤choreograph, conduct, translate為作品編舞；為作品擔任指揮；翻譯作品▸➤commission委託創作作品▸➤perform, play演出／演奏作品▸➤hear, read, see聽作品；閱讀作品；觀看作品◇Her work can be seen in most of the major European galleries.在歐洲絕大多數重要的美術館中都能看到她的作品。➤conduct, direct, edit, produce, publish, put on指揮／導演／編輯／監製／出版／上演作品◇Over the next two years, the company is putting on the complete works of Brecht.今後兩年公司將上演布萊希特的全部戲劇。➤display, exhibit, feature, show, showcase展示作品；重點介紹作品；展出作品◇The town hall is exhibiting works by local artists.市政廳正在展出當地藝術家的作品。➤acclaim, admire, appreciate, praise讚美作品；欣賞作品；表揚作品➤critique, discuss, review評論作品；討論作品；給作品寫評論➤inform, inspire對作品有影響；賦予作品靈感◇A love of landscape informs all his work.他所有的作品都體現了對風景的熱愛。WORK + VERB➤be called sth, be entitled sth, be titled sth (especially NAmE) 作品稱為⋯；作品題為⋯◇a work entitled 'The Sacrifice'名為《犧牲》的作品➤depict sth, describe sth, represent sth作品描寫⋯；作品表現⋯◇The work represents a synthesis of the natural and the artificial.這部作品表現了自然與人工的結合。➤consist of sth作品由⋯組成◇a work consisting of twelve small blank canvases一部由 12 小塊空白畫布組成的作品➤appear, be on show, go on show作品展示；作品展覽◇Her work appears at the Museum of Contemporary Art this summer.她的作品今年夏天在當代藝術博物館展覽。PREPOSITION➤in a/the work在作品中◇She's studying the theme of death in the works of Beckett.她正在研究貝克特作品中關於死亡的主題。➤work by⋯的作品◇a work by an unknown 18th-century writer18 世紀一個不知名作者的作品PHRASES➤a work of art, a work of fiction, a work of literature藝術／小說／文學作品◇The building is hated by some and considered a work of art by others.一些人厭惡這座建築，而其他人則認為它是一件藝術品。◇They discovered that his report was a complete work of fiction. (humorous) 他們發現他的報告完全是虛構的。➤a work of genius天才之作◇Her latest novel is a work of genius.她最近的小說是一部天才之作。  ➡ note at art
work

noun⁴

 4 ( works, especially BrE) building/repairing建築／維修ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORKS | WORKS + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤extensive, major大型／重點工程▸➤road (usually roadworks in BrE and roadwork in NAmE) 道路施工▸➤maintenance, repair, restoration維護／維修／修復工程VERB + WORKS➤carry out進行工程◇We are planning to carry out major works on the site.我們計劃在工地上進行主要工程。➤plan計劃工程▸➤announce宣佈工程WORKS + VERB➤continue, go on工程繼續◇The works will continue until the end of July.工程將持續到 7 月底。➤be completed, finish工程完工PREPOSITION➤at the work (BrE) 在施工工地◇A contraflow is in operation at the works near Junction 5.第五交叉路口附近的施工工地現在採取單側雙向行駛。
work

noun⁵

 5works (especially BrE) factory工廠ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORKS | WORKS + VERB | WORKS + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤brick, iron, steel (usually brickworks, etc.) 磚瓦廠；鋼鐵廠；煉鋼廠➤railway (BrE) 鐵路工廠➤sewage, treatment污水處理廠；處理廠◇The smell is believed to have originated from the sewage works.氣味據說來自污水處理廠。◇Scotland's biggest water treatment works蘇格蘭最大的水處理廠VERB + WORKS➤open開辦工廠▸➤close, close down, shut down關閉工廠WORKS + VERB➤open工廠開業▸➤close, close down工廠倒閉◇The steelworks closed in 1986.這家鋼鐵廠於 1986 年倒閉。WORKS + NOUN➤manager, supervisor工廠經理／主管▸➤canteen (BrE) 工廠餐廳PREPOSITION➤at the work在工廠◇the night shift at the works工廠的夜班
work

verb¹

 1do a job/task做事ADVERB | VERB + WORK | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤hard努力工作◇He had been working hard all morning.他一上午都在努力工作。➤tirelessly不知疲倦地工作➤assiduously, busily, diligently, methodically勤勉地／忙碌地／勤奮地／有條不紊地工作➤feverishly, frantically拚命地工作▸➤steadily踏踏實實地工作➤slowly慢慢地工作➤quickly快速地工作▸➤around the clock, round the clock (especially BrE) 夜以繼日地工作◇Emergency teams were working around the clock to make the homes secure.各應急分隊為確保各家的安全而夜以繼日地工作。➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職工作◇A lot of mothers choose to work part-time.許多母親選擇做兼職工作。➤illegally非法工作◇He was found to be working illegally and was deported.他因被發現非法工作而遭驅逐出境。➤effectively, efficiently, productively有效工作；高效工作；工作富有成效◇I work more efficiently on my own.我獨自工作效率更高。➤actively積極地工作◇We are actively working to increase the number of women in science.我們在積極努力，爭取讓更多的女性投身科學領域。➤closely, collaboratively, cooperatively, together密切配合；協作；合作；共事◇people who have worked closely together over a period of time已經密切合作過一段時間的人們➤harmoniously和諧地工作◇We have proved that different groups can work harmoniously together.我們已經證明，不同群體能夠和諧共事。➤alone, independently, individually獨自一人／獨立地／單個人工作➤directly直接地工作◇She works directly with customers.她的工作要直接接觸顧客。➤primarily主要工作◇I work primarily with young children.我的工作對象主要是年幼的孩子。➤away不斷工作◇We worked steadily away all morning.我們整個上午都在踏踏實實地工作。VERB + WORK➤continue to繼續工作▸➤choose to, prefer to選擇／較喜歡⋯工作◇I prefer to work as part of a team.我更願意在團隊中工作。➤motivate sb to激勵某人工作◇Employees are motivated to work harder for a whole host of different reasons.激勵員工更加努力工作的原因多種多樣。➤enable sb to使某人能夠工作◇I needed a job which would enable me to work at home.我需要一份能夠在家裏幹的工作。➤refuse to拒絕工作PREPOSITION➤as以⋯為職業◇He's working as a teacher at the moment.他目前在當老師。➤at致力於◇I've spent three hours working at this problem.我為解決這個問題已經花了 3 個小時。➤for為⋯工作◇She works for an oil company.她在一家石油公司工作。➤on做⋯◇We are working on plans for a new swimming pool.我們正在進行新游泳池的規劃工作。➤towards/toward朝着⋯奮鬥◇They are all working towards / toward a common goal.他們都在為共同的目標而奮鬥。➤with與⋯一起工作◇the people you work with與你一起做事的人➤within在⋯範圍內工作◇An architect must work within the confines of the laws of physics.建築師工作時必須遵循物理學定律。
work

verb²

 2function; have a result/effect運轉；起作用ADVERB | VERB + WORK | PHRASES ADVERB➤correctly, effectively, efficiently, properly, satisfactorily, well運轉正常；有效運轉；高效運轉；效果令人滿意；進展順利◇Everything worked very smoothly.一切都進展非常順利。➤flawlessly, perfectly, seamlessly, smoothly運轉得完美無缺；運轉順暢➤beautifully, brilliantly, splendidly, wonderfully運轉得非常好▸➤independently獨立運轉◇The fish's eyes can work independently of each other.魚的兩隻眼睛在轉動時可以彼此不同步。➤differently起不同的作用➤synergistically (especially NAmE) 協同作用VERB + WORK➤seem to似乎起作用PHRASES➤work like a charm, work like magic完全奏效◇Her strategy worked like a charm.她的策略完全奏效了。➤work to sb's advantage, work to sb's disadvantage對⋯有利；對⋯不利◇You can make your youth work to your advantage.你可以打青春牌。
work

verb

 ●work outADVERB➤beautifully, fine, great, perfectly, well結果很好；得以圓滿解決▸➤badly結果不好；未得以圓滿解決PREPOSITION➤as結果像⋯一樣◇It all worked out as we planned.結果如我們計劃的一樣。➤between在⋯之間有結果◇I told her I didn't think things would work out between us.我告訴她，我覺得我們之間的事情得不到解決。➤for結果對⋯來說◇Things worked out well for Janet in the end.對珍妮特來說事情的結局不錯。➤to總共達◇This all works out to around $11 000.這一切加起來共約 11,000 美元。
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work noun
⇨ work 1 (hard work) ⇨ work 2 (find work) ⇨ work 3 (do pioneering work in microbiology) ⇨ work 4 (a work of fiction) ⇨ factory (a steelworks) ⇨ office 1 (go to work) ⇨ task (police work) ⇨ at work ⇨ busy adj. 1 ⇨ out of work ⇨ unemployed adj. ⇨ be in work ⇨ work verb 2work verb
⇨ work 1 (work on an assignment) ⇨ work 2 (work as a teacher) ⇨ work 3 (The phone isn't working.) ⇨ affect (work in your favour) ⇨ campaign (work for peace) ⇨ drive 2 (work sb too hard) ⇨ farm (work the land) ⇨ operate (How do you work the DVD player?)work1

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slogThese are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth. 这些词均表示工作、劳动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆hard work / labour / toil / slog◆daily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slog◆manual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toil◆hours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery■ work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 工作；劳动◆She earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来。◆We started work on the project in 2002.我们于2002年开始干这个项目。◆Work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。◆Let's get to work (= start working).我们开始工作吧。◆She set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。■ labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [uncountable] work, especially physical work 劳动；（尤指）体力劳动◆These women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour (= work using their hands).这些妇女对繁重的体力劳动一般都习以为常了。◆The price will include the labour and materials.这个价格包含劳务费和材料费。◆The company wants to keep down labour costs.这家公司想保持低劳动成本。■ service [uncountable] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much （尤指长期、受到敬重的）工作，效劳，服务◆She has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她刚刚庆祝在公司任职25周年。◆The employees have good conditions of service.员工有良好的工作条件。■ toil [uncountable] (formal or literary) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired 苦工；劳累的工作◆His hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕记录着他一生的艰辛和劳苦。■ drudgery ˈdrʌdʒəri [uncountable] (disapproving) hard boring work, especially housework or office work 繁重无聊的工作（尤指家务或办公室的工作）◆Once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦结婚，她就注定过家务繁重的生活了。■ slog [countable, usually singular] (informal, disapproving) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk 艰苦（或乏味）的努力（如长距离、疲惫地行走）◆It was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山顶的路漫长而又艰难。ⓘ Especially in British English slog [uncountable] can also be a period of hard work or effort. 尤其在英式英语中，slog还可以指一段时间的艰苦工作或努力◆ (especially BrE) Writing the book took ten months of hard slog.这本书是用了十个月的时间辛苦写出来的。 work2

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品  ➡ See also the entry for job 另见job条work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradeThese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 这些词均表示工作、职业。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade◆(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice◆(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation◆(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation◆(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation◆(a) low-paid work / employment / occupation◆to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade◆to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade◆to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice◆to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation■ work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 工作；职业◆He's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。◆ (BrE) It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家，大部分有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。◆She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢复上班。◆Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？◆Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。◆'Where's John?' 'He's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。”◆She's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。◆He started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。  see also work ⇨ office 1 ■ employment [uncountable] (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work 工作；职业；受雇◆It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。◆The government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。OPP unemployment ⇨ unemployment   see also employ ⇨ employ ■ career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 生涯；职业◆I never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。◆Kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后，事业便开始腾飞。◆His career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。◆By 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career).到2001年，她到达了事业的巅峰。◆I didn't think it was a very good career move.我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。◆It's time for a career change.该换个职业了。■ profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education （需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的）行业，职业◆Alan's a teacher by profession.艾伦的职业是教师。◆He hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望进入医疗行业。◆I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出头就入了这一行。◆She's at the top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。ⓘ Especially in British English, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. 尤其在英式英语中，the professions指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业◆employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 The profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某职业界。 ▸ professional

adjective

◆Most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部分人是职业女性。◆professional qualifications / skills专业资格／技能■ occupation ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn [countable] (rather formal) a job or profession 工作；职业◆Please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。◆Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业？■ practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers （医生或律师等的）工作，业务活动◆Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有做兽医的经验。◆My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。  see also practice ⇨ company ■ trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills （尤指手工）职业，行当；手艺◆She's now a carpenter by trade.她现在以木工为业。◆My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。  see also trade ⇨ industry work3

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ resultsThese are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work. 这些词均表示工作成果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆a major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coup◆a significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coup◆a / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishment◆a brilliant work / achievement / feat / coup◆a real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆your own work / achievement / accomplishment◆a / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishment◆to constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coup◆quite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup■ work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working 工作成果；产品；作品◆She's an artist whose work I really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。◆Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?这件作品是你独立完成的吗？◆The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本书是缜密翔实的力作。◆Her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。◆He did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。◆The art collection was his life's work.这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。◆The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。■ achievement [countable] (approving) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill （尤指通过自身努力或技能取得的）成就，成绩，功绩◆It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。◆They were proud of their children's achievements.他们为孩子们的成绩感到自豪。◆This is probably his greatest scientific achievement.这可能是他最伟大的科学成果。  see also achieve ⇨ achieve ■ triumph ˈtraɪʌmf [countable] (approving) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be 巨大成功；重大成就；伟大胜利；（成功的）典范◆It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对手的个人胜利。◆Her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕获她是国际合作的典范。■ feat [countable] (approving) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage 技艺；武艺；英勇事迹；（需要技能、力量或勇气的）杰作◆The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.这条隧道是工程方面的光辉杰作。◆Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将一条满载的船拖过沙丘可不是件容易事。■ accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; NAmE əˈkɑːmlɪʃmənt [countable] (rather formal, often approving) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work 成就；成绩◆The administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.这届政府成功削减了预算，是个了不起的成就。◆the technical accomplishments of modern medicine现代医学技术成就  see also accomplish ⇨ achieve NOTE 辨析 Achievement or accomplishment? Achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. Accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement通常指个人在学术、职业、艺术或体育竞技上的成就。accomplishment常指让大众受益的伟大成就，尤指政治上的成绩，或用于描述重大发明。■ coup kuː [countable, usually singular] (written, often approving) an impressive and surprising success 令人惊叹的成功◆Getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.争取到这份合同是我们的一大成就。◆He pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.说服交战各方同意签署永久停火协议是他在外交上取得的重大成就。ⓘ Coup is often used with adjectives like spectacular, significant, remarkable and greatest. It is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity, intelligence and propaganda. * coup常与spectacular、significant、remarkable和greatest等形容词连用，还用在publicity、intelligence和propaganda等名词后，指成功的宣传或情报活动。■ results [plural] success achieved by actions or efforts 成果；成效◆The project is beginning to show results.这项工程开始显现出成效。◆He's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘队员潜能的教练。work4

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvreThese are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician. 这些词均表示艺术家、作家或音乐家的作品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sb◆a / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art◆a / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / composition◆a / an classical / abstract work / piece / composition◆sb's collected / complete works / writings◆to perform a work / piece / composition■ work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb 著作；（绘画或音乐）作品◆The film is based on an early work by Alan Moore.这部影片取材于艾伦•穆尔的早期作品。◆works of fiction / literature小说；文学作品◆Chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲■ writings [plural] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject （尤指某人或某专题的）著作，文字作品◆His experiences in Morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的经历影响了他后来的写作。◆the writings of Sun Tzu孙子的著作   see also writing ⇨ literature , write ⇨ write 2 ■ piece [countable] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art （音乐、写作、诗歌或艺术作品的）一支，一篇，一首，一件◆The orchestra performed pieces by Ravel and Prokofiev.管弦乐队演奏了拉威尔和普罗科菲耶夫的几支曲子。ⓘ You can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art, but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear. 可以说a piece of music/writing/poetry/art，但是piece单独使用时通常指一首音乐作品，除非用于正式文体或上下文语义非常清楚的情况◆Auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.试演的学生必须演奏一支自选的独奏曲。◆ (formal) They have some beautiful pieces (= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他们家里有一些精美的艺术品。   see also piece ⇨ article  ➡ See also the entry for song 另见song条■ masterpiece ˈmɑːstəpiːs; NAmE ˈmæstərpiːs [countable] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work （艺术、文学或电影等的）代表作，杰作，名著◆The work has been described as a literary masterpiece.这部作品被称作文学巨著。◆This is an excellent production of Verdi's masterpiece.这是威尔第代表作的出色演绎。◆Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity (= an excellent example of sth simple).她的作品是朴实风格的典范。■ composition ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn [countable] (formal) a piece of music, poetry or art （音乐、诗歌或艺术）作品◆one of Stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一   see also compose ⇨ write 2 NOTE 辨析 Work, piece or composition? Work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. Piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. Composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work强调努力的成果，可以指任何种类的艺术、文学或音乐作品。piece常指短小的音乐作品。composition也多指音乐作品，但也可以指诗歌和艺术品。■ ˌwork of ˈart (plural works of art) [countable] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue 艺术品（尤指油画、绘画或雕塑）◆A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好几件珍贵的艺术品在美术馆被盗。■ oeuvre ˈɜːvrə [singular] (from French, formal) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer （作家、艺术家或作曲家的）全部作品◆She created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她创作的艺术作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。work1

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ toil ♦︎ slaveThese words all mean to do sth that involves physical or mental effort. 这些词均表示做体力或脑力工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / labour / toil at sth◆to labour / slave over sth◆to work / labour / toil / slave away◆to work / labour / toil endlessly / long and hard / tirelessly■ work [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job 做体力（或脑力）工作；劳动◆I can't work if I'm cold.我要是觉得冷就干不了活。◆He is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。◆She's outside, working on the car.她在外面修车呢。◆Doctors often work very long hours.医生经常长时间工作。■ labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to do hard physical work 干体力活◆They laboured all day in the fields.他们一整天都在地里干活。■ toil [intransitive] (formal or literary) to work very hard and/or for a long time （长时间）苦干，辛勤劳作◆Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.建这座金字塔，数百人苦干了多年。■ slave [intransitive] (rather informal, especially spoken, usually disapproving) to work very hard 苦干；没命地工作◆I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.我整天苦干，想把这项工作赶完。◆I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking).我没时间老围着锅台转。ⓘ Slave is usually used when you think that you have/sb has been working too hard. * slave通常用来表示自己或他人工作过于辛苦。work2

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practiseThese words all mean to earn money through work. 这些词均表示以工作赚钱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sth◆to work / be employed / have a job at a place■ work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆Both my parents work.我父母都工作。◆She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。◆I've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。◆Do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗？■ be emˈployed [transitive, passive] (rather formal) to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.过去三年来他一直受雇当消防员。◆A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.雇来一些人处理积压的工作。   see also employ ⇨ employ , unemployed ⇨ unemployed ■ ˌhave a ˈjob

phrase

(has, had, had)to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服务员。◆I've got a temporary job at the moment.现在我找到了个临时工作。◆She's never had a steady job (= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她从未有过稳定的工作。NOTE 辨析 Work, be employed or have a job? Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to. * work在这些词中含义最广，可以指某一时段的某个工作，可以指一般性的工作，也可以指有工作这一事实。be employed多指特定的工作或工作类型，并常与as或to连用◆be employed as a teacher当教师◆be employed to train users in the new system受雇培训用户使用新系统 Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作◆Do you have a job?你有工作吗？It can also be used with as in a similar way to work. * have a job也可以像work一样与as连用◆She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家鸡尾酒酒吧里当服务员。In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work. 在这种用法中，have a job多用于过去时，而且表示那一段时间的受雇状况较为临时性质。have a job较work稍不正式。 ■ ˌearn a ˈliving■ ˌearn your ˈliving

phrase

to work for money to buy the things that you need in life 维持生计；谋生◆She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。■ be in work

idiom

 (BrE) to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed (= not having a job) 有工作◆Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他们中的大部分人曾有过工作，但都是临时性的。   see also out of work ⇨ unemployed ■ practise (BrE) (NAmE practice) [intransitive, transitive] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc. 当医生；当律师；从事专职工作◆There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格兰和威尔士有5万多律师执业。◆He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已从事律师工作多年。◆She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行医。work3

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。  ➡ See also the entry for operate 另见operate条work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ goThese are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way. 这些词均表示机器、系统或装置运转良好、正常工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to actually / still work / function / go◆to work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliably◆to work / function / run perfectly◆to work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctly◆to work / function well◆to run / operate continuously◆fully functioning / operating■ work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way （机器或装置）运转良好，正常工作◆The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。◆It works by electricity.这是电动的。◆Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？   see also work ⇨ operate ■ function [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断，医院继续正常运转。◆Many children can't function effectively in large classes.许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。◆We now have a functioning shower.现在我们有了好用的淋浴器。■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦开动了链锯。◆Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.我们的货车烧柴油。◆Which operating system have you got running?你们运行的是哪个操作系统？ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about an engine or motor (or a machine that uses an engine or motor), or a computer program. * run通常指发动机、马达（或使用发动机或马达的机器）或电脑程序正常工作。   see also run ⇨ operate , up and running ⇨ active adj. ■ operate [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working （尤指机器）运转；（服务或系统）工作◆Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太阳能电池板只能在阳光下才能正常工作。◆Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在压力下才能工作得好。◆A new late-night service is now operating.现在推出了一种新的深夜服务项目。  see also operate ⇨ operate ▸ operation

noun

 [uncountable] ◆Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期维修能确保发动机运行顺畅。   see also in operation , operational ⇨ active adj. NOTE 辨析 Function or operate? Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function较多用于描述是否运转或运转情况是否良好。operate较多用于描述运行的必要条件。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (informal, especially spoken) (of a machine) to work in the correct way （机器）起作用，运转良好，正常工作◆What makes it go?是什么让它运转起来？
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work
To try hard to do or get something: boil the ocean, work, strive...
To make someone work hard: work, drive, push...
To create a work of art or craft: work, create, base on...
To work, and to work in a particular way: work, serve, collaborate...
To work, or to start working (of a piece of machinery): operate, come on, function...
To make a machine or piece of equipment work: activate, actuate, coax...
To develop or happen successfully: shape up, function, work out...
To have an effect: shape, impact, affect...
To move, or to move something, slowly: crawl, dawdle, creep...
General words meaning to move something: budge, propel, guide...
To change the shape of something: shape, reshape, form...
To use a tool: card, chase, chip away...
Mining and quarrying: coal, coalface, coalfield...
Crop farming: arable, broadacre, cash crop...
To calculate or count: calculate, count, estimate...
Hard work and effort: heavy lifting, ask, work...
General words relating to jobs and work: a good/smart/clever career move, appointment, background...
The working day: at work, billable time, business hours...
General words for offices and the workplace: bureau, general headquarters, head office...
Factories and industrial buildings: abattoir, blast furnace, boatyard...
General words for works of art and pictures: art, artwork, assemblage...
General words for the process of building: assemblage, assembly, build...
Physical forces and processes: absorbance, air resistance, amplitude...
Plastic surgery: boob job, Botox, collagen...

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