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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2473 COCA: 1970

witness

Word family 
Related topics: Law
wit·ness1 /ˈwɪtnəs/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun  
1  crime/accident 罪案/意外事故SEE [countableC] someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened 〔罪案或事故的〕目击者
 Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
警方呼吁目击者站出来。
witness to
 One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
事故的一名目击者说司机似乎喝醉了。
 an eye witness (=someone who sees an event) to the robbery
抢劫案的一名目击者
→ eyewitness
2  in a court of law 在法庭上 [countableC]SCT someone who appears in a court of law to say what they know about a crime or other event 〔法庭上的〕证人 → testify
key/star/principal witness
 the key witness in the case against the brothers
起诉那几兄弟一案中的关键证人
 The defence is expected to call them as witnesses.
预计辩方会传召他们作为证人。
witness for the prosecution/defence (also prosecution/defence witness) (=someone the prosecution or defence lawyers choose as a witness in order to help prove their case) 控方/辩方证人
→ expert witness
3  signing a document 签署文件 [countableC]SCL someone who is present when an official document is signed, and who signs it too, to say that they saw it being signed 〔签署正式文件的〕见证人，连署人
witness to
 a witness to a will
遗嘱的见证人
4  be witness to something formalSEE to be present when something happens, and watch it happening 是某事的目击者
 We were witness to the worst excesses of the military.
我们目击了最恶劣的军队暴行。
Examples from the Corpus
be witness to something• A branch of science, organic chemistry, is witness to their complexity.• We have been witness to the rapid transformation of the neighborhood.• Over a period of just months I was witness to the rapid transformation of a group of peasant women into industrial workers.• At this point I was witness to an extraordinary, moving and almost frightening scene.• Community nurses are witnesses to the everyday health of the population.• Without elaborating, Palermo said commission members would only be witnesses to any accords.• The four pharmaceutical best-sellers are witness to the poor folk who have nothing better to do than watch all-night television.• The crowd believed they were witnesses to an incident of police brutality.• We are witnesses to an obsessive, unwavering process of sorting, labelling, deconstruction and destruction.
5. christian belief 基督教信仰 [countableC, uncountableU] American EnglishAmERRC a public statement of strong Christian belief, or someone who makes such a statement 见证〔表示笃信基督教的公开声明〕；见证人〔作这种见证的人〕
→ bear witness at bear1(15)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: someone who appears in a court of law to say what they know about a crime or other event
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + witness
a key witness (=a very important witness)
Rupert is expected to be a key witness at the trial.
a star witness (=an important witness who says things that help one side a lot)
The judge ruled that the state’s star witness had lied on the stand.
a principal witness (=a main witness)
The principal witness was too ill to testify.
an expert witness (=someone who has special knowledge, for example of medicine, and who talks about it in court)
The jury had to choose between the conflicting testimonies of expert witnesses.
a character witness (=a witness who says that the person being tried is a good person)
He said he would gladly be a character witness for her.
a prosecution witness
During the trial, over thirty prosecution witnesses were called.
a defence witness
A defence witness said that Carter was not holding a gun when the shot was fired.
phrases
a witness for the prosecution/defence
Witnesses for the prosecution have not sounded convincing.
verbs
call a witness (=require a witness to speak in court)
She was the final witness to be called.
question a witness
They were not permitted to question government witnesses.
cross-examine a witness (=ask them questions about what they have said)
His attorney cross-examined the witness.
appear as a witness
He appeared as an expert witness at several government enquiries.
a witness testifies (=makes a statement)
We had two witnesses who testified that they had seen him hitting his wife.
a witness gives evidence
Child witnesses gave evidence using closed circuit television cameras.
witness + NOUN
the witness box/stand (=where the witness sits when speaking in court)
He spent three hours in the witness stand.
the statement/testimony of a witness (=what a witness says)
The testimony of one witness led to his conviction.
Examples from the Corpus
witness• The congressman was called as a witness for the prosecution today.• He is not entirely worthless as a witness.• In court, a witness said he had seen O'Grady punch the woman in the face.• Moreover, a witness had obligations.• Scores of equally distinguished witnesses gave similar testimony.• The Court agreed with the Special Commissioner over the admissibility of the evidence of the taxpayer's expert witness.• Police are appealing for witnesses to an arson attack on an apartment block.• The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.• The witnesses would say later that the searingly brilliant white flash seemed to last for several seconds.• Evidence depends upon witnesses and, to some extent, their credibility is dependent upon their performance in the witness box.
witness to• His brother was a witness to the will.• One witness to the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.
key/star/principal witness• Rupert is expected to be a key witness at the judge-only trial due to open in Dublin on April 24.• And he said there was now further evidence to discredit a principal witness in the case as a liar and a cheat.• The police switched to regarding her as completely innocent and she became the star witness.• Most of the key witnesses have long since skipped the country.• The prosecution dropped the charges in 1976, announcing that the principal witness was too ill to ever testify.• What took place has to be reconstructed with the principal witness for the prosecution being unavailable.
Related topics: Law
witness2 ●●○ verb  
1  crime/accident 罪案/意外事故 [transitiveT]SCPSEE to see something happen, especially a crime or accident 目击，亲眼看见〔尤指罪案或事故〕
 Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.
几位居民称目击了袭击事件。
► see thesaurus at notice, see
2  experience STH 经历某事 [transitiveT]EXPERIENCE to experience important events or changes 亲身经历〔重要的事件或变化〕
 Priests have witnessed an increase in religious intolerance.
牧师们亲身感受到宗教偏执在日益加重。
3  time/place 时间/地点 [transitiveT] if a time or place witnesses an event, the event happens during that time or in that place 是发生〔某事件〕的时间[地点]
 Recent years have witnessed the collapse of the steel industry.
近几年钢铁产业崩溃了。
4  official document 正式文件 [transitiveT]SCL if you witness the signing of an official document, you are there when it is signed, and sign it yourself to prove this 在〔正式文件〕上签名，连署
 Will you witness my signature?
你愿意在我的签字旁连署吗？
5  witness something  (also ..., as witnessed by something) used to introduce an example that proves something you have just mentioned 以…作证〔用于给刚提及的事举例〕
 Bad economic times can result in political dictatorships. Witness Germany in the 1930s.
经济不景气时代可能导致政治独裁，20世纪30年代的德国便是证明。
6. religion 宗教 [intransitiveI]RRC to speak publicly about your Christian beliefs 作见证〔公开表示笃信基督教〕 → testify
Examples from the Corpus
witness• The crash was witnessed by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.• The crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach.• Meanwhile, on the passenger front, the four-mile Sanderstead-Elmers End line witnessed funereal acts on 13 May 1983.• He has seen World Series and traveled to witness Opening Day in a handful of major-league cities.• A stock index does not oscillate with such frightening amplitude as we have witnessed recently unless to announce some tectonic change ahead.• How often we have witnessed such hubris, and how loudly we have guffawed.• Police are appealing for information from anyone who witnessed the attack.• I witnessed the Coventry versus Ipswich match recently.• It is not legal unless the pastor witnesses the marriage license.• But Bobby just sat there with a wolfish grin as guests moved in to witness the spectacle.
witness ... signature• She simply produced the documents, Mr. O'Brien signed and she witnessed his signature.• I witnessed Kennedy's signature on the Friday.
From Longman Business Dictionary
witnesswit·ness1 /ˈwɪtnəs/ noun [countableC]LAW
1someone in a court of law who tells the court what they saw or what they know about a crime
The government’s case rested on one key (=important) witness.
I was asked to testify as a defense witness (=acting to defend the person accused of committing a crime).
the main prosecution witness (=acting to show that the accused person is guilty)
→ expert witness
2someone who is present when an official paper is signed and who also signs it to prove this
witness to
You will need two witnesses to the signing of the document.
witnesswitness2 verb [transitiveT]LAW
to be present when someone signs an official document, and to sign it yourself to show this
Will you witness my signature?
Origin witness1
Old English witnes “knowledge, account, witness”, from wit; → WIT
wit·ness1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1witness2 verb
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