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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4096 COCA: 5147

breakdown

Related topics: Illness & disability, Psychology, psychiatry
break·down /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ ●○○ noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]FAIL the failure of a relationship or system 〔关系的〕破裂；〔体系的〕崩溃，失败
breakdown of
 He moved away after the breakdown of his marriage.
他婚姻破裂以后就搬走了。
 A sudden rise in oil prices could lead to a breakdown of the economy.
油价暴涨会导致经济崩溃。
breakdown in
 There has been a serious breakdown in relations between the two countries.
两国关系出现了重大裂痕。
marriage/marital/family breakdown
 Family breakdown can lead to behavioural problems in children.
家庭破裂会导致孩子的行为问题。
2  [countableC]MIMENTALLY ILL a serious medical condition in which someone becomes mentally ill and is unable to work or deal with ordinary situations in life 精神崩溃
 I was worried he might have a breakdown if he carried on working so hard.
我担心他这样辛苦地做下去，精神会崩溃的。
 Two years ago he suffered a mental breakdown.
两年前，他有过一次精神崩溃。
 She had already had one nervous breakdown.
她已经有过一次神经崩溃。
3  [countableC]BROKEN an occasion when a car or a piece of machinery breaks and stops working 〔汽车或机器的〕故障
 Always carry a phone with you in case you have a breakdown on the motorway.
一定要随身带电话，以防汽车在高速公路上抛锚。
breakdown in
 a breakdown in the cooling system
冷却系统故障
4  [countableC]EXPLAIN a list of all the separate parts of something 明细，分类
breakdown of
 Can you give us a breakdown of the figures?
给我们看一下数字的明细好吗？
5  [singular] the changing of a substance into other substances 分解
 the breakdown of glucose in the body to release energy
葡萄糖在体内分解释放出能量
→ break down at break1
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + breakdown
marriage/marital breakdown
problems caused by the increase in marital breakdown
family breakdown
A growing proportion of children are affected by family breakdown.
communication breakdown (=when people do not talk or are unable to talk)
The misunderstanding was the result of a communication breakdown.
complete/total breakdown
The disagreement finally led to a complete breakdown of their relationship.
irretrievable breakdown formal (=one that is impossible to put right again)
The irretrievable breakdown of a marriage may be grounds for divorce.
verbs
cause/lead to a breakdown
Money problems often cause marriage breakdown.
Examples from the Corpus
breakdown• It seems like our copy machine has a breakdown every week.• A breakdown is possible only for large-circulation papers like the Sun and the Mirror.• Being confined to the one living space meant an increase in hyperactivity and breakdown in family relationships.• Thus any breakdown in the cold chain could be quantified.• Child-care breakdowns set two-paycheck couples at war over who stays home with the kids.• Many families experience marital breakdown.• Uncle Leonard and Auntie Midge, more appropriately to their characters, would have had nervous breakdowns.• The people who hired us said they all thought I was having a schizophrenic breakdown.• Howard Hughes suffered a total breakdown.
marriage/marital/family breakdown• Boredom, isolation and loneliness can lead to alcoholism, marriage breakdowns and a failure to complete the assignment.• Two factors are mainly responsible for movement from the owner-occupied to local authority sectors - unemployment and marital breakdown.• How could welfare have increased family breakdown during a period when the real value of the payments was decreasing?• There is little doubt, then, that the effect of marital breakdown upon the children of the couple concerned is multi-causal.• Witness the rates of marital breakdown in the Western world!• A future with just one screen for all functions would result in rapid family breakdown.• Black poverty remains; family breakdown, drug addiction and violence have worsened.• The importance of the economic support provided by husbands is neatly illustrated by working class women's attitudes towards marriage breakdown.
nervous breakdown• He said she acted erratic, got the shakes one evening, almost had a nervous breakdown.• Fortunately, I received a reprieve because my boss had a nervous breakdown before he could implement his plan.• One needed to go on a crash diet, the other was in the middle of a nervous breakdown.• Popa, who had headed the Bucharest Military Court since 1987, was known to have suffered a nervous breakdown.• Uncle Leonard and Auntie Midge, more appropriately to their characters, would have had nervous breakdowns.• They are prone to nervous breakdowns if overstressed mentally. 4.• They are almost three times as prone to nervous breakdowns.• Logan, who had had two nervous breakdowns, said that he would take the pills himself.
have a breakdown• I don't want him to be unhappy and have a breakdown.
From Longman Business Dictionary
breakdownbreak·down /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ noun
1[countableC] a statement showing information or a total amount separated into parts so that it is easier to understand
A spending breakdown showed the average household spent £47.70 on food per week.
Also in the report is a breakdown of when delays are most likely to occur.
2[countableC, uncountableU] when something fails or stops working properly, especially because people cannot agree
breakdown of/in
At its worst, this legislation represents a total breakdown of the US budget process.
The company issued an apology, and said there had been abreakdown in communications.
break·down noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
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