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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335

confusion

Word family 
con·fu·sion /kənˈfjuːʒən/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun  
1  CONFUSED[countableC, uncountableU] when you do not understand what is happening or what something means because it is not clear 困惑，不确定，混乱
confusion about/over/as to
 There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost.
我们究竟是赢是输，情况不太清楚。
create/lead to confusion
 The diversion led to considerable confusion.
这次改道造成了相当大的混乱。
2  CONFUSED[countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which someone wrongly thinks that a person or thing is someone or something else 辨别不清；混淆，错认
 To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours.
为了避免混淆，各队穿着不同颜色的服装。
confusion between
 There is a confusion in the public mind between psychology and psychiatry.
大众往往会把心理学和精神病学混为一谈。
3  CONFUSED[uncountableU] a feeling of not being able to think clearly about what you should say or do, especially in an embarrassing situation 慌乱；窘迫
 His confusion at meeting her there was quite apparent.
在那里和她不期而遇，他明显有些不知所措。
in confusion
 Matt stared at her in confusion.
马特困窘地盯着她。
4  DISORGANIZED[countableC, uncountableU] a very confusing situation, that usually has a lot of noise and action, so that it is difficult for someone to understand it or control it 混乱，骚乱 SYN chaos
 a scene of indescribable confusion
难以形容的混乱场面
confusion of
 There was a confusion of shouts and orders as the ship prepared to depart.
船准备起航了，呼喊声和命令声乱成一片。
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
cause/create confusion
English spelling often causes confusion for learners.
lead to/result in confusion
The differing instructions led to confusion.
add to the confusion (=make something more confusing)
There were a lot of rumours, which added to the confusion.
throw/plunge somebody into confusion
The unexpected news threw us all into confusion.
clear up the confusion (=explain something more clearly)
The chairman said that he would try to clear up the confusion.
confusion arises (=begins)
The confusion arose because of a complete misunderstanding.
adjectives
great confusion
We looked at each other in great confusion.
complete/total/utter confusion
Candy's eyes showed her total confusion.
considerable confusion
The movie jumps backwards and forwards in time, which causes considerable confusion.
general confusion
There was general confusion about the effects of the new law.
mental confusion
Mental confusion is one of the symptoms of the disease.
phrases
a state of confusion
People were in a state of confusion and close to panic.
(in order) to avoid confusion
Doctors should explain their instructions to patients carefully, to avoid any confusion.
Examples from the Corpus
confusion• However, nowhere else has dressing down caused so much angst and confusion as in the routine workday.• We made our way through the noise and confusion of the marketplace to our hotel.• To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.• The linguistic phenomena we see in the texts reflect not classical fusion of law but post-classical confusion of language.• If the conscious level of the patient is affected - drowsiness, confusion, lethargy and unresponsiveness.• The final scene of the play threw much of the audience into confusion.• The new rules have caused a lot of confusion.• There is a lot of confusion among parents.• Jake's confusion at meeting Sherri at the party was obvious.• I hope the meeting will clear up people's confusion.• There is still confusion over who is responsible for the accident.• With all the confusion, nobody noticed the two boys leave.• The bombers escaped in the confusion following the explosion.• Whatever his intentions about the succession, it was almost certainly not the confusion which actually occurred.• As a result they further misrepresent the characters and by misusing them have added to the confusion.
considerable confusion• There proved to be considerable confusion in terminology used in the responses of interviewees.• There had been considerable confusion over the interpretation of the embargo, the inquiry was told.• She jumped backwards and forwards in her narrative, creating considerable confusion in Dougal's mind.• After sundown the Confederates made an attack on the right creating considerable confusion.• The existence of sub-sects such as the Zadokites and the Nazareans has generated considerable confusion and uncertainty among biblical scholars.• The young of these species are quite similar, which has led to considerable confusion in their identification and classification.• There was considerable confusion in the administration over the correct procedure.
confusion between• Dan says there has been a lot of confusion between his name and his brother Don's.
in confusion• Terri stopped in confusion as everyone turned to look at her.
con·fu·sion noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
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