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IELTS BNC: 1070 COCA: 869

rock

Word family 
Related topics: Geology, Nature, Music, Food
rock1 /rɒk $ rɑːk/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  stone 石头
a) [uncountableU]HEG the hard substance that forms the main surface of the Earth 岩石 → stone
 To build the tunnel, they had to cut through 500 feet of solid rock.
为了建这条隧道，他们不得不凿穿500英尺的坚硬岩石。
 Most of the country is desert and bare rock.
这个国家大部分地区都是沙漠和裸露的岩石。
 massive rock formations (=shapes made naturally from rock)
巨大的岩层
 ancient dark volcanic rock
古老的黑色火山岩
b) [countableC]DN a piece of rock, especially a large one that sticks up from the ground 〔尤指凸出地面的〕岩块，大石块
 Jack stood on a rock for a better view.
杰克站在一块大石头上，以便看得更清楚。
 During the storm a ship had been driven onto the rocks (=a line of rocks under or next to the sea).
暴风雨中有一艘船触礁了。
→4  See picture of 见图 STONE 1
2  music 音乐 [uncountableU] (also rock music)APM a type of popular modern music with a strong loud beat, played using guitars and drums 摇滚乐
rock band/group
 Komuro formed a rock band with some friends while in college.
小室在大学时期和几个朋友组建了一支摇滚乐队。
 the late rock star, Freddie Mercury
已故摇滚乐明星弗雷迪·默丘利
 The stadium has hosted numerous rock concerts.
这个体育场举行过许多场摇滚乐音乐会。
→ hard rock, → punk rock at punk(1)
3  (as) solid/steady as a rock 
a) STRONG OBJECTvery strongly built or well supported and not likely to break or fall 坚如磐石/稳如磐石
 a large sofa, solid as a rock
一张稳如磐石的大沙发
b) STRONG PERSONsomeone who is as solid or steady as a rock is very strong and calm in difficult situations and you can depend on them 〔指人面对困难时〕坚定镇静的 → rock-solid
Examples from the Corpus
(as) solid/steady as a rock• It was as solid as rock.• Peter was as steady as a rock, keeping the ball on the fairway and hitting nearly every green in regulation.• It was simply not admissible that something as blatantly solid as a rock could have come from the heavens.• Skipper Alan Kernaghan again led by example, with Nicky Mohan solid as a rock alongside him.• The door was solid as rock.
4  [singular] someone who always gives you support and who you can depend on 可靠的人
 My sister has always been my rock.
姐姐始终是我可以依靠的人。
5  be on the rocks informalFAIL a relationship or business that is on the rocks is having a lot of problems and is likely to fail soon 〔关系〕濒临破裂；〔企业〕濒临破产 SYN in trouble
 I’m afraid Tim’s marriage is on the rocks.
蒂姆的婚姻恐怕是快破裂了。
Examples from the Corpus
be on the rocks• He was a good soldier, but his marriage was on the rocks.• There had been signs that their marriage was on the rocks for years.• His third marriage was on the rocks.
6. scotch/vodka etc on the rocks informalDFD an alcoholic drink that is served with ice but no water 加冰块的苏格兰威士忌/伏特加等
7  sweet food 甜食 [uncountableU] British EnglishBrEDF a hard sweet made in long round pieces 棒形硬糖
 a stick of rock
一条硬棒糖
8  drug 毒品
a) [uncountableU] a very pure form of the illegal drug cocaine that some people use for pleasure 石毒〔结晶体可卡因〕
b) [countableC] a small amount of this drug 少量石毒
9. be (stuck) between a rock and a hard place CHOOSEto have a choice between two things, both of which are unpleasant or dangerous 左右为难，进退维谷
10. get your rocks off informal not politeSEX/HAVE SEX WITH if a man gets his rocks off, he has sex 〔男人〕发生性行为
Examples from the Corpus
get your rocks off• You're a rock group so people get their rocks off.• I don't just want people to get their rocks off.
11. jewel 珠宝 [countableC usually plural] old-fashioned informalHEG a diamond or other jewel 钻石；宝石
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
solid rock
Steps had been carved out of the solid rock.
bare rock (=not covered by soil)
Here there was only bare rock and gravel.
volcanic rock
The fossils are sandwiched between two layers of volcanic rock.
molten rock (=rock that is so hot it is liquid)
Molten rock flowed into these cracks.
rock + NOUN
a rock formation
There are marvellous views of impressive rock formations.
verbs
rock forms/is formed
From the texture of the rock we can tell how it was formed.
something erodes rock (=it gradually removes the surface of the rock)
Rainwater drained away, forming streams and rivers that began to erode the rock.
rock erodes (away) (=its surface is gradually removed because of the action of water, wind etc )
The rocks had eroded away over the years.
phrases
a lump/piece of rock
His leg was trapped under a large lump of rock.
a layer of rock
You can see six layers of rock in the cliff.
an outcrop of rock (=a mass of rock that sticks up above the ground)
The gulls nested on a outcrop of rock.
n THESAURUS
rock a piece of the hard substance that forms the main surface of the Earth. In British English, rocks are too large to pick up, but in American English, they can either be large or small
the rocks along the riverbanks
stone a small piece of rock, found on the ground or near the surface of the ground. Speakers of American English are more likely to use the word rock than stone
The children were throwing stones into the water.
boulder a large round piece of rock
She climbed over a few boulders at the edge of the sea.
pebble a small smooth stone found especially on a beach or on the bottom of a river
The beach was covered with smooth white pebbles.
fossil a rock which has the shape of an animal or plant that lived many thousands of years ago
fossils of early reptiles
Examples from the Corpus
rock• Eugene stood on a rock and called for help.• a rock concert• It must be practical enough to reach between rocks and plants.• Fearing the ships might founder on coastal rocks, the admiral summoned all his navigators to put their heads together.• igneous rock• Only then comes the point where the crust finally ends and the mantle rock begins.• Some volcanoes produce only one kind of rock during their entire lives, but others show an impressive diversity.• Geologists study the exposed sections of rock.• KXCI plays rock, blues, jazz, world beat, and folk music.• The Cliff Palace was cut into the rock, round rooms and towers, walls with irregular openings.• Come up on to the top of the rock!• Those rocks and boulders were like mountains.
the rocks• From here I watch a patrol of pelicans skim the ocean surface while waves crash against the rocks.• There is good landing under the wall among the rocks.• So, whether I liked it or not, there was nothing for it but to face the rocks.• She had to get them away from the rocks that edged the shore like jagged teeth.• Such hard evidence could only come from the rocks.• The string, caught in the rocks of the gorge, had snapped.• We tied up our beasts, sat on the rocks and ate.• A ship had been driven onto the rocks during the storm.• He threw the bow anchor toward the rocks of the Jetties, and it caught on the first try.
rock concerts• He is presently covering rock concerts for Kendal council who are hosting an exhibition of his work later in the year.• Think of rock concerts where they have those banks of giant speakers grouped together on the stage.• They saw their share of drug parties, rock concerts and anti-war demonstrations.• If you wonder where they got the money, and I always do wonder, Rob promotes rock concerts.• Match receipts slumped by £89,000 compared to 1991, but profits were boosted by staging two Simply Red rock concerts.• Large conventions are spectacular rock concerts are held in the 12,000 seat Arena.
stick of rock• She rolled his stiffened cue around her mouth, and licked at the hardness like a child savouring a stick of rock.• All 48 people who took an active part in last night's exercise were given a New Brighton stick of rock.
Related topics: Earth sciences
rock2 ●○○ verb  
1  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]MOVE/CHANGE POSITION to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side, or to make something do this （使）来回摆动，（使）摇摆 → sway
 She covered her face, rocking to and fro in her grief.
她捂住脸，悲痛得身体不住地来回晃动。
 The waves rocked the boat from side to side.
波浪使小船左摇右晃。
 Paul sat gently rocking the child in his arms.
保罗坐着，轻轻摇晃怀里的孩子。
 Jim rocked with laughter when he heard what had happened.
吉姆听了发生的事情后笑得前仰后合。
► see thesaurus at move
2  [transitiveT]SHOCK
3  rock the boat informalPROBLEM to cause problems for other members of a group by criticizing something or trying to change the way something is done 〔通过批评某事或试图改变做事方式而〕生事；找麻烦
Examples from the Corpus
rock the boat• We have a pretty good life here. Why rock the boat?• If she didn't like it then it was her fault for rocking the boat.• Of course you rock the boat!• To refrain from rocking the boat.• Sixty percent of professors are moral cowards unwilling to rock the boat and therefore willing to tolerate the others.• Custom, practice and a tacit agreement not to rock the boat did the rest.• Judge Thurgood Marshall never hesitated to rock the boat, from the beginning of his long legal career.• Injuries to Strachan and Sterland rocked the boat last year.• As long as you don't rock the boat, nobody cares what you do.• Who the hell would want to rock the boat on a deal like that!• Waves from a passing freighter rocked the boat, Swensson says, throwing him to the deck.
4  [transitiveT]HE if an explosion or earthquake rocks an area, it makes it shake 〔爆炸或地震〕使剧烈震动
5. somebody/something rocks spoken informal said to show that you strongly approve of someone or something 某人/某事很有道理
Examples from the Corpus
somebody/something rocks• You rock.
6. rock somebody’s world informal to cause someone to think about something or someone in a completely new way 动摇某人的世界〔使其以全新方式考虑某事物或某人〕
n7  rock a trend/look etc to look good when wearing something fashionable – used especially in magazines
Examples from the Corpus
rock• They may soon be getting free bus passes but they know how to rock.• She rocked back and forth; her whimpers seemed to hold all the pain in the world.• The chair squeaked as I rocked back and forth.• Uncle Maury laughed until he was rocking back and forth.• The law firm was rocked by accusations of bribery and dishonesty.• The company was rocked by massive changes in the computer business.• Glenda sat beside the cradle, gently rocking it from side to side.• She rocked it roughly, loathing it, and the baby grew hysterical.• The scandal has rocked the banking world.• Waves from a passing freighter rocked the boat.• The sound was shaking the roof and rocking the floor.• Rob Rio and the Revolvers rocked while sequined and tuxedoed revelers danced amid a plethora of King Tut-like splendor.
rocked with laughter• The dealing-room rocked with laughter upon news of his flight.
Origin rock1
1. (1300-1400) Old North French roque, from Vulgar Latin rocca
2. (1900-2000) → ROCK2
 rock2
Old English roccian
rock1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1rock2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

See also: ldoce4427jpg

IELTS BNC: 1070 COCA: 869
rock

noun¹

 1hard, stony part of the earth岩石ADJECTIVE | ... OF ROCK | VERB + ROCK | ROCK + VERB | ROCK + NOUN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤hard, solid堅硬的岩石◇Solid rock is broken down by weathering.堅硬的岩石因風化而分解。➤soft軟的岩石▸➤jagged, rough, sharp凸凹不平的／粗糙的／鋒利的岩石▸➤smooth光滑的岩石➤flat扁平的岩石➤slippery滑溜的岩石◇The rocks were slippery as I tried to climb them.我試圖攀上這些岩石，但發現很滑。➤weathered風化的岩石▸➤bare, barren, exposed裸露的岩石◇Ahead the vegetation broke into bare rock.前方的植被長入裸露的岩石中。➤sheer, steep峻峭的岩石◇The river runs between walls of sheer rock.小河從峻峭的岩壁中間流過。➤overhanging懸垂的岩石▸➤liquid, molten岩漿；熔岩➤crushed碎岩石➤loose鬆散的岩石◇an avalanche of loose rock大量鬆散岩石的崩落➤falling滾落的岩石◇Signs warn of the perils of falling rock.標牌警告有岩石滾落的危險。➤igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, volcanic火成岩；變質岩； 沉積岩；火山岩▸➤permeable, porous滲透性岩石... OF ROCK➤chunk, lump, piece, slab一塊岩石；一片岩石VERB + ROCK➤form形成岩石➤climb, skip, skip over攀岩；跳過岩石◇Lars taught me to skip rocks.拉斯教我如何跳過岩石。ROCK + VERB➤form岩石形成◇rocks that formed beneath the sea海下形成的岩石➤jut out岩石突出◇A great rock jutted out into the water.一塊大岩石伸出水面。ROCK + NOUN➤type岩石類型▸➤formation, structure岩石構造▸➤layer, strata岩層▸➤cliff, ledge, outcrop, outcropping (NAmE) 岩崖；岩架；岩石露頭▸➤face, surface, wall岩石表面；岩壁▸➤crevice岩石裂縫▸➤debris, dust, fragment, sample, specimen岩石碎片；岩粉；岩石樣本▸➤fall, slide岩崩；岩滑◇The path had been blocked by a rock fall.道路被崩塌的岩石擋住了。➤crystal, salt水晶；岩鹽▸➤climber, climbing攀岩者；攀岩▸➤pool (especially BrE) (usually tide pool in NAmE) 岩石區潮水潭◇Children were looking for crabs in the rock pools.孩子們正在潮水潭裏找螃蟹。➤quarry採石場➤pile石堆▸➤art, carvings, painting岩石藝術；石刻；岩畫▸➤garden假山花園PHRASES➤as hard as a rock, as hard as rock (especially BrE) 堅如磐石▸➤a layer of rock, an outcrop of rock一層岩石；一塊突出的岩石◇The castle is perched on a massive outcrop of rock.城堡建於一塊突出的巨大岩石上。➤sleep like a rock (NAmE) 睡得很死◇You slept like a rock last night.你昨晚睡得很死。
rock

noun²

 2 (NAmE) small stone; stone that can be thrown石子；石塊ADJECTIVE | ... OF ROCKS | VERB + ROCK ADJECTIVE➤large, small大石塊；小石子➤heavy很重的石塊... OF ROCKS➤mound, pile一堆石子VERB + ROCK➤pick up撿石子➤pelt sb with, throw朝某人扔石子；扔石子◇Protesters pelted the soldiers with rocks.抗議者向士兵投擲石塊。◇They used to throw rocks at neighborhood dogs.他們以前經常朝鄰居家的狗扔石子。
rock

noun³

 3music音樂ADJECTIVE | ROCK + NOUN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤live實況轉播的搖滾樂表演▸➤acid, alternative, arena, blues, classic, country, folk, garage, glam, hard, heavy, indie, mainstream, modern, pop, progressive, psychedelic, punk, soft迷幻搖滾；另類搖滾；舞台搖滾；布魯斯搖滾；經典搖滾；鄉村搖滾；民謠搖滾；車庫搖滾；華麗搖滾；硬搖滾；重搖滾；獨立搖滾；主流搖滾；當代搖滾；流行搖滾；前衞搖滾；朋克搖滾；慢搖滾➤60s, 80s, etc. * 60 年代、80 年代等搖滾ROCK + NOUN➤anthem, ballad, number, riff, song, tune搖滾樂頌歌／民謠／曲目／連複段／歌曲／曲調➤lyrics, music搖滾歌詞／音樂➤album, CD, record, video搖滾樂專輯／光盤／唱片／錄像▸➤act, band, group, outfit搖滾樂隊；搖滾樂團➤concert, festival, gig (especially BrE) 搖滾音樂會／音樂節／演出➤musical, opera, show, soundtrack搖滾音樂劇／歌劇／演出／電影配樂▸➤club, venue搖滾俱樂部／演出地點▸➤scene搖滾樂演出現場◇one of the biggest bands on the rock scene搖滾演出現場最大的樂隊之一➤artist, drummer, guitarist, musician, singer搖滾樂藝人／鼓手／吉他手／音樂人／歌手➤guitar搖滾吉他▸➤hero, icon, idol, legend, star搖滾樂英雄；搖滾樂偶像；搖滾樂傳奇人物；搖滾樂明星➤stardom搖滾明星➤critic搖滾樂評人◇influential rock critics有影響的搖滾樂評人➤fan搖滾樂迷➤chick搖滾小妞◇She was a rock chick through and through.她是十足的搖滾小妞。➤culture, history搖滾樂文化／歷史➤radio, station搖滾樂電台◇Ryan changed the radio to a rock station.瑞安將這個電台變成了搖滾樂電台。PHRASES➤rock and roll搖滾樂◇the king of rock and roll搖滾樂之王
rock

verb

ADVERB➤violently猛烈地晃動◇The boat rocked violently in the huge waves.小船在大浪中猛烈地搖晃。➤gently, slightly輕柔地擺動；輕輕地搖動◇She gently rocked the baby in her arms.她輕輕地晃着懷裏的嬰兒。◇The boat rocked slightly.小船輕柔地晃動着。➤slowly慢慢搖晃▸➤back and forth, backwards and forwards, from side to side, to and fro前後晃動；左右搖擺；晃來晃去◇He rocked back and forth in his chair.他躺在椅子裏前後晃動。
IELTS BNC: 1070 COCA: 869
rock verb
⇨ shake 2 (rocked by the earthquake) ⇨ shock (rocked by the scandal) ⇨ swing (rock back and forth)rock noun
⇨ stone
IELTS BNC: 1070 COCA: 869

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