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IELTS BNC: 242 COCA: 381

second

Word family 
Related topics: Numbers
sec·ond1 /ˈsekənd/ ●●● S1 W1 number  
1  HMNthe second person, thing, event etc is the one that comes after the first 第二（个）的
 the Second World War
第二次世界大战
 the second of August
8月2日
 a second year student
二年级学生
 his second wife
他的第二任妻子
 Clinton’s second term in office
克林顿的第二个任期
 the second half of the year
下半年
 the second time in three days
三天中的第二次
2  the position in a competition or scale that comes after the one that is the best, most successful etc 〔比赛或级别上〕居第二位的
 She won second prize.
她赢得了二等奖。
 They climbed to second place in the League.
他们在联赛中的排名上升到了第二位。
second largest/most successful etc
 Africa’s second highest mountain
非洲的第二高山
be second only to something (=used to emphasize that something is nearly the largest, most important etc) 仅次于某物
 The euro will have a circulation second only to that of the dollar.
欧元的流通量将仅次于美元。
3  another example of the same thing, or another in addition to the one you have 另外的，外加的
 We advertised for a second guitarist.
我们登广告再招聘一名吉他手。
 There was a second reason for his dismissal.
他被解雇还有个原因。
 I asked the doctor for a second opinion (=when you ask another person to repeat an examination, test etc for you).
我又征求了这位医生的意见。
4  every second year/person/thing etc HMN
a) the second, then the fourth, then the sixth year etc 每两年/每两人/每两样东西等
 The nurse comes every second day.
护士隔天来一次。
b) used to emphasize that, in a group of similar things, there is too much of one particular thing 〔用于强调某一批类似的事物中，某一特征的东西太多〕
 Every second house seemed to be boarded up.
大部分房子都好像用木板封上了。
Examples from the Corpus
every second year/person/thing etc• Dalziel was well known, hailing and being hailed by nearly every second person they passed, it seemed to Pascoe.
5  be second to none BESTto be the best 不亚于任何人[事物]，首屈一指
 The quality of Britain’s overseas aid programme is second to none.
英国海外援助计划的水准是首屈一指的。
Examples from the Corpus
be second to none• His musical technique is second to none.• For those celebrating it's history, the Great Tower is second to none.• He is a pianist of extraordinary capability, with a virtuoso technique that is second to none.• Its array of futuristic industries is second to none.• Mr Caton's record as a schoolmaster is second to none.• Mr. Amos Does my right hon. Friend accept that the quality of cultural life in the north-east is second to none?• Oh yes, he had performed well in the Sigerson Cup competition and his Higher Education track record is second to none.• The quality of Britain's overseas aid programme is second to none.• Mark Elder conducts a performance that is second to none in brilliance and precision.
6  second chance help given to someone who has failed, in the hope that they will succeed this time 〔为失败者提供的〕第二次机会
 I just want to give these kids a second chance.
我只是想给这些孩子第二次机会。
Examples from the Corpus
second chance• It was his addled understanding of the rules of warfare that the marksman should be given a second chance.• Or that rarity, a second chance?• Fornek got a second chance at close range as Gingrich was leaving the luncheon.• Creative football that created the big chance - a second chance at Wembley.• In what other sports is a participant allowed a second chance because of failure?• You don't get a second chance - fatal wounds stay fatal.• He'd been offered a second chance of salvation.• Boone will have to prove in his second chance that he can delegate and teach.
7  have second thoughts CHANGE YOUR MINDto start having doubts about a decision you have made 〔对原先的决定〕犹豫，产生怀疑
 You’re not having second thoughts, are you?
你不会改变主意了吧？
have second thoughts about
 She’d had second thoughts about the whole project.
她对整个计划产生了疑问。
Examples from the Corpus
have second thoughts• But now, with the raft travelling more slowly than I had planned, I began to have second thoughts.• But then various men on the race committee and some male members of the National Aeronautic Association began to have second thoughts.• Somewhere between second helpings I began to have second thoughts.• Keep him laughing and he might have second thoughts about eating you!• Such incidents might have caused Sir Bernard to have second thoughts about the system; but he defends it with passion.• It was obvious that the company was having second thoughts about the whole project.• Perhaps Mr Harrison would have second thoughts if he walked in our neck of the woods.• I hope Darlington Transport have second thoughts on the matter.• Then, before she could have second thoughts, she picked up the telephone and dialled his number.• Couples contemplating divorce often have second thoughts when they realize how it will affect their children.
8  on second thoughts British EnglishBrE, on second thought American English spokenCHANGE YOUR MIND used to say that you have changed your mind about something 又一想，再一想〔用于表示改变主意〕
Examples from the Corpus
on second thoughts• He was decisive and never wasted time on second thoughts.• No, on second thoughts, I wasn't sulking.• But perhaps, on second thoughts, it wasn't so strange: Luke was special, unique.• William Oh-right-on second thoughts maybe it wasn't that bad.• Then, on second thoughts, she opened the lid just the tiniest fraction so that the creature could breathe.• In fact, on second thoughts, would it not be far more sensible to invite Emilia to come to Cambridge?• You eventually work out that if ... on second thoughts, you can solve it yourself!
9  not give something a second thought/without a second thought used to say that someone does not think or worry about something 对某物不加考虑；对某事毫不担心
10  not give something a second glance/look  (also without a second glance/look) to not look at something again, because you have not really noticed it or because it does not seem important 对某物不看第二眼，没有多看某物一眼
11  be/become second nature (to somebody) THINK ABOUTsomething that is second nature to you is something you have done so often that you do it almost without thinking 成为（某人的）第二天性，成为（某人的）习性
Examples from the Corpus
be/become second nature (to somebody)• Gradually those qualities become second nature.• If one is well grounded in youth, the object of love and sound toilet training, these things become second nature.• Pay close attention to the sweep pattern and strokes, and this will eventually become second nature.• Practice breathing in this way for twenty minutes each day until it becomes second nature.• Typing becomes second nature after a while.• By the time you die, you should be so used to paying taxes that it would almost be second nature anyway.• The strange and difficult was becoming second nature in the way that it had when I'd learned to fly.• Management by objective was becoming second nature in the West Wing.• But the main reason for my silence was that secrecy and deception had by then become second nature to me.
12  second wind a new feeling of energy after you have been working or exercising very hard, and had thought you were too tired to continue 〔感到精疲力竭后的〕精力恢复
Examples from the Corpus
second wind• Cruising along on a second wind.• I won my race into a 1.5 metres per second wind.• She had got her second wind.• She seems to have acquired a second wind.• By the 1980s Borge had got his second wind and looked like going on for ever as an international touring artist.• I was drunk, okay, but I was getting my second wind by now.• So one perennial idea getting a second wind is the campaign to raise the pitifully low current minimum wage.
Examples from the Corpus
second• He is not paid £20 million a year to come second.• Another forecaster places it second, and two others pick it to tie for runner-up.• Thus this second part is simply the tape that supposed to act on.• A second, then third decimation began.• The second was a glass dome, the size of a man, and a little taller than our hero.
second largest/most successful etc• This has been the second most successful method of recruitment. 2.
second opinion• Also, slides and pathology reports can be obtained for second opinions.• If in doubt, get a second opinion.• It seems okay, but you want a second opinion.• You want more than just a second opinion.• For a second opinion, I called the World Future Society.• In fact it was she who had advised him to get a second opinion on the matter, from a lawyer.• We can give the young reader a second opinion on what is being read.• A second opinion was called for, and furnished.
Related topics: Chronology
second2 ●●● S1 W2 noun  
1  [countableC]TMC a unit for measuring time. There are 60 seconds in a minute 秒
2  [countableC]SHORT TIME a very short period of time 一会儿，片刻，瞬间
3  (at) any second (now) used to say that something will or may happen extremely soon 很快，马上
Examples from the Corpus
(at) any second (now)• He had been ready to go at any second.• The barriers are so low you feel you could plunge off at any second.• The room was unnaturally still about her, but the stillness might shatter at any second.• The casualties of the greatest battle in history would be as nothing, before the carnage that might start at any second.• They were both breathing fast, and Polly's legs threatened to give way at any second.• At any second, they would begin to breathe.• As in any second language situation, the grammatical code which is relied on is the one which is already known.• We would be at the hot spot any second now.
4  seconds [plural]
Examples from the Corpus
seconds• Are you going back for seconds?
5. [countableC] technical one of the 60 parts into which a minute of an angle is divided. It can be shown as a symbol after a number. For example, 78° 52′ 11″ means 78 degrees 52 minutes 11 seconds. 秒〔角度单位〕
6. [countableC]FIGHT someone who helps someone in a fight, especially in boxing or, in the past, a duel 〔尤指拳击比赛或旧时决斗中的〕副手，助手
7. [uncountableU] American EnglishAmE informal second base 〔棒球的〕二垒
Examples from the Corpus
second• A second, then third decimation began.• Well, first of all, it's too expensive and second, we don't have anywhere to put it.• He is not paid £20 million a year to come second.• Ruth understood why in that tender, desperate second.• Another forecaster places it second, and two others pick it to tie for runner-up.• Left fielder Mark Whiten reached out and poked a tailing fastball over the left-field wall in the second.• The second was a glass dome, the size of a man, and a little taller than our hero.
per second• The same connection could also carry 640,000 bits per second from the user to the Internet.• The extensions support transfer modes of up to 66M-bytes per second or 133M-bytes per second for bus master expansion boards.• Each one of those pulses has a carrier frequency of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of cycles per second.• Bat cries, as we have seen, have a pulse-repetition rate in the tens or hundreds per second.• For Deimos, in its higher orbit, only 560 meters per second suffices to escape from the Mars system.• A gun is known to fire bullets at precisely three hundred and thirty meters per second.• Cortical neurons are often silent-George often sees human temporal lobe neurons that respond at rates slower than once per second.• Good powder skiers turn at a rate of about one turn per second.
Just a second• You wan na talk to her? Just a second.
second3 /ˈsekənd/ ●●● S2 W2 adverbadv  
1  next after the first one 第二名，第二位
2. AND/ALSO[sentence adverbadv] used before you add information to what you have already said 第二，其次 SYN secondly
Examples from the Corpus
second• But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.
come/finish etc second• He is not paid £20 million a year to come second.• The college confirmed that he came second.• Instead, he came second and had to make do with £80,000.• Peter Dillon finished second and third, respectively, with scores of 86. 13 and 81. 88.• David Toms finished second at 19-under 271 and Olin Browne was a stroke back in third.• Lewis, who had finished second, was awarded the gold medal.
second4 verb [transitiveT]  
SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLANto formally support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 〔在会议上〕支持，赞成，附议 〔建议〕 → propose
second a motion/proposal/amendment etc 支持一项动议/建议/修正案等
Examples from the Corpus
second• These economic pressures were seconded by the intrusion of the state.• With Harman's blessing they were seconding her.• Alderman Keane nominated him and eighteen other committeemen made lengthy speeches seconding the nomination.• Mr Nichol has been seconded to the region for a special project, studying the effects of community care throughout the country.
second a motion/proposal/amendment etc• The second proposal is to allow people collectively to improve their lot.• In case of inevitable necessity you will work to establish your second proposal of 10 to 6. 5.• On third Reading, he moved a second amendment to make racially discriminatory behaviour by the police a specific disciplinary offence.• The second proposal would allow employees a limited amount of time off per year in return for working overtime.
se·cond5 /sɪˈkɒnd $ -ˈkɑːnd/ verb [transitiveT] British EnglishBrE  
SENDto send someone to do someone else’s job for a short time 临时调派，借调
be seconded to something
 Jill’s been seconded to the marketing department while Dave’s away.
戴维不在的时候，吉尔被临时调到市场部工作。
n Grammar
Second is usually passive.
→ secondment
Examples from the Corpus
second• These economic pressures were seconded by the intrusion of the state.• A quieter but potentially important project is currently under way by Sir John Boreham who has been seconded from the government statistical office.• With Harman's blessing they were seconding her.• In addition to financial support, personnel are sometimes seconded to projects and charities.• My father works for an oil company and last summer he was seconded to their Texas headquarters for five years.
be seconded to something• But this can also be true of educationalists who are seconded to a new project outside their own institution.• During my lengthy spell abroad, I was seconded to a public relations unit, run by a delightful and eccentric colonel.• I was seconded to MI5 to report back to them on this one.• In general, the rule of thumb was that one's peers were seconded to perform the role.• He was seconded to the Intelligence Corps as a clerk.• In addition, a senior teacher from each of the six schools will be seconded to the project for one term.• My father works for an oil company and last summer he was seconded to their Texas headquarters for five years.• Others are seconded to work in industry.
From Longman Business Dictionary
secondsec·ond1 /ˈsekənd/ adjectiveadj
second half/quarter/periodACCOUNTING the second half, quarter etc of the financial year
The company expects second-quarter sales to be substantially below those of the equivalent period a year ago.
secondsecond2 verb [transitiveT]
to officially support a suggestion, idea etc made by another person at a formal meeting so that it can be discussed or voted on
Each nomination must be proposed and seconded by two members of the committee.
—seconder noun [countableC]
His proposal failed to find a seconder, and was dropped.
secondse·cond3 /sɪˈkɒnd-ˈkɑːnd/ verb [transitiveT] British EnglishBrEHUMAN RESOURCES
to arrange for an employee to work for another organization for a period of time
second somebody to something
We provide the opportunity for you to be seconded to industry to receive additional in-service training.
—secondment noun [countableC, uncountableU]
You can encourage personal contact with suppliers through seminars, site visits and short-term secondments.
Two members of the team are on secondment from the University of Miami.
Origin second2
(1300-1400) Medieval Latin secunda, from secunda pars minuta “second small part, one sixtieth of a minute”, from Latin secundus; → SECOND2
sec·ond1 numbersecond2 nounsecond3 adverbadvsecond4 verbse·cond5 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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