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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3811 COCA: 3619

random

Word family 
ran·dom /ˈrændəm/ ●●○ AWL adjectiveadj  
1  CHANCE/BY CHANCEhappening or chosen without any definite plan, aim, or pattern 随意的，任意的，随机的
 The company has introduced random drug testing of its employees.
公司已实行对雇员的随机毒品测试。
 A few random shots were fired.
胡乱放了几枪。
 We looked at a random sample of 120 families.
我们研究了随机抽样的120个家庭。
 a random selection of women who were in the shop
对店内女性的随机选择
2  at random CHANCE/BY CHANCEwithout any definite plan, aim, or pattern 任意地；随便地
choose/select/pick something at random
 The gang picked their victims at random.
这帮犯罪分子随意选择对象下手。
Examples from the Corpus
at random• While he waited, he picked up a magazine, turned to a page at random, and started reading.• We selected the agencies at random from the phone book.• The forms were distributed at random to people passing by.• Twenty students were chosen at random to take part in the experiment.
n3  informal strange, unusual, or unexpected
 She's great - she's just so random!
—randomly adverbadv
 seven randomly chosen numbers
七个随机选择的数字
—randomness noun [uncountableU]
n COLLOCATIONS
nouns
a random sample
A test was carried out on a random sample of the cattle.
a random selection
He looked at a random selection of the files.
a random number
Pick a random number.
a random sequence
They were asked to memorize a random sequence of numbers.
random checks/tests
He believes the police should be able to carry out random breath tests.
random violence
The family were caught up in the random violence that haunts a neighbourhood ruled by gangs.
adverbs
completely/entirely random
The atomic particles seem to move in a completely random direction.
apparently/seemingly random
a wave of apparently random attacks
purely/truly random
a purely random sequence of numbers
phrases
in random order
The names are in random order.
Examples from the Corpus
random• I have also decided to do some random attacks as a means of confusing law enforcement.• It was the random collisions melding the rocky substances, plus turbulent accretions, that were to make up the inner planets.• Random dashes of color highlight the painting.• The union believes that the random drug testing of employees is an invasion of their privacy.• random drug tests• Median and minimum arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios for ventilated infants on the first day were significantly lower in the random group.• At random, I opened an earlier page.• Contemporary chaos theory talks about so-called strange attractors, which are the ordering principles within such apparently random patterns.• A few random shots were fired, but the battle was over.• To keep shifting the target all the time makes life impossible and a sort of random walk develops.• Because at random was exactly how humans were trying to restore ecosystems.
random sample• The research involves collecting data from two random samples.• Y., which works mainly for ad agencies and is following a Nielsen-like model of audience measurement through random sampling.• Remember, all forms of probability sampling involve random sampling at some stage in the selection process.• It gives some idea of the cell / electrode arrangement and the random sampling of activity.• The survey was based on telephone interviews with a random sample of Americans.• A 10 percent random sample of derived polygons was evaluated to determine the measure of agreement between the initial and derived descriptions.• For instance, suppose we want to take a random sample of ten students from a class of 50.• The results are not a random sample of the vehicles on the road at all.
From Longman Business Dictionary
randomran·dom /ˈrændəm/ adjectiveadj
1random sample/ check/test etc a sample, check etc in which things or people are chosen without any particular reason or pattern so that they will include a typical mixture of the larger group they represent
The group polled a random sample of US manufacturers.
Pennsylvania conducts random checks on trucks to see that they are properly maintained.
a rule requiring random drug testing of airline employees
→ compare quota sample under sample1
2random error/effect etc an error etc that happens without any pattern, so it is difficult to say when it will happen again or why it happens
Random errors in the survey will not matter greatly.
3at random without any particular reason or pattern
Pollsters interviewed 1000 adults picked at random in 50 states.
Origin random
(1300-1400) Old French randon “great speed or force”, from randir “to run”
ran·dom adjectiveadj →n COLLOCATIONS1
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