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BNC: 2255 COCA: 2428

relative

Word family 
Related topics: Family
rel·a·tive1 /ˈrelətɪv/ ●●● S3 W3 noun [countableC]  
SSFFAMILYa member of your family 家人；亲属，亲戚 SYN relation
 a gathering of friends and relatives
亲朋好友的聚会
a close/distant relative
 Her boyfriend is a distant relative of mine.
她的男朋友是我的远房亲戚。
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
a close relative (=a brother, parent, aunt etc)
He lost several close relatives in the war.
a distant relative
She claims to be a distant relative of the Queen.
a blood relative (=one related by birth not marriage)
332 kidneys were donated last year by blood relatives or spouses.
a living/surviving relative
As far as she knew, she had no living relatives.
phrases
a relative by marriage
How many women would be willing to care for distant relatives by marriage?
friends and relatives
About thirty-five close friends and relatives attended the wedding.
 THESAURUS
relative a member of your family, especially one who does not live with you 亲戚
Most of her relatives were able to come to the wedding.
她的大部分亲戚都能来参加婚礼。
We have some distant relatives in Australia.
我们在澳大利亚有些远亲。
relation a member of your family. Relation means the same as relative. It is often used when talking about whether someone is in the same family as another person 亲戚〔含义与relative相同，常用于谈论某人与另一人是否为一家人〕
Big cities can be lonely places if you have no friends or relations there.
要是没有朋友或亲戚，在大城市里就可能很孤独。
‘What relation is she to you?’ ‘She’s my half sister.’
“她是你什么人？”“她是我同母异父的姐姐。”
He’s no relation to the singer.
他不是那个歌手的亲戚。
descendant someone who is a family member of a person who lived and died a long time ago, for example the great-grandchild of that person 后代
The people are the descendants of slaves who were brought over from Africa.
这些人是那些从非洲带过来的奴隶的后代。
ancestor a member of your family who lived a long time ago, especially hundreds of years ago 祖先
My ancestors originally came from Ireland.
我的祖先来自爱尔兰。
forefathers especially written people in your family who lived a long time ago – often used in historical descriptions 祖先〔常用于历史性描述〕
His forefathers came to America over a century ago.
一个世纪之前，他的祖先来到美国。
extended family a family group that consists not only of parents and children, but also includes grandparents, aunts etc 大家庭
Extended families rarely live together in Britain, but they are still important.
在英国，大家庭成员很少住在一起，但他们依然很重要。
folks especially American EnglishAmE informal your family, especially your parents 家人〔尤指双亲〕
Are you going to see your folks at Christmas?
圣诞节你会去看家人吗？
next of kin the person or people who are most closely related to you, for example your husband or mother, and who need to be told if something serious happens to you 至亲，直系亲属
The next of kin must be notified of his death before his name is released to the press.
他的死讯必须先通知至亲，然后才能将其姓名透露给媒体。
Examples from the Corpus
relative• Family Eldercare also helps out-of-state employees with concerns about aging relatives who live in Austin.• She is socially dependent on friends and relatives.• Because, they argued, the males in coalitions were almost always close relatives, kin selection enhanced the benefits of cooperation.• Shrimps are distant relatives of insects.• Within the family, meanwhile, money-making is reinforced as admirable through stories featuring relatives as the heroes.• Their graves were tended by surviving relatives in much the same way that they looked after the house of an absent friend.• Legalization also appears to have strengthened relationships between amnesty recipients and their relatives living abroad.• The women were to spend the night at a community youth center in Tokyo before meeting their relatives today.• Are your relatives from Denmark coming to the wedding?
a close/distant relative• Two brothers of wife Gail Spiro and a distant relative of her husband arrived in San Diego yesterday.• No-one was able to locate even a distant relative.• It shows that every inhabitant of a mole-rat colony is a close relative.• Financial need, even on the part of a close relative, has apparently never been seen as a situation which required an automatic response.• They have lost parents, often a close relative or two and some of their oldest friends.• Two letters that might have been written to a distant relative, and that was all.• Ali was the name of a warrior, a distant relative of the Prophet Muhammad.
relative2 ●●○ W3 adjectiveadj  
1  COMPAREhaving a particular quality when compared with something else 比较的，相对的
 The relative merits of both approaches have to be considered.
两种方法的相对优点都得考虑在内。
 her opponent’s relative lack of experience
她的对手相对来说缺少经验
 You may think you’re poor, but it’s all relative (=you are not poor compared to some people).
你可能认为自己很穷，但一切都是相对的。
2  relative to something formalCONNECTED WITH connected with a particular subject 与某事物有关的
 facts relative to this issue
与这个问题有关的事实
Examples from the Corpus
relative to something• The value of the dollar relative to the yen has dropped slightly.
Examples from the Corpus
relative• She was terrified of flying. The relative advantages of air travel didn't tempt her at all.• There was something else Dilip offered me, the seductions of relative comfort.• Kim lived a life of relative ease and privilege.• It had been designed in a period of relative economic stability and was not fitted for such tumultuous times.• Figure 2.2 shows the changing relative importance of manufacturing in employment terms.• It's all relative, isn't it? Someone who is poor in this country might be considered well off in another.• The two men stood at the bar discussing the relative merits of various sports cars.• To sit in relative peace and quiet in the Miller house was a very rare occurrence and Terry was enjoying it.• Farr escaped to the relative quiet of his room.• The trend is further underlined by the relative size of the companies acquired.• Relative social position and relative command of this skill became regularly associated.• the relative strength of the dollar against the Mexican peso• The object of job evaluation is to provide a systematic approach to defining the relative worth of different jobs.
From Longman Business Dictionary
relativerel·a·tive /ˈrelətɪv/ adjectiveadj
having a particular value or quality when compared with similar things
therelative strength of the dollar
IBM was a relative latecomer to the laptop market.
—relatively adverbadv
The system is relatively easy to use.
rel·a·tive1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1relative2 adjectiveadj
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 2255 COCA: 2428
relative

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + RELATIVE | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤close, near近親◇The succession passed to the nearest surviving relative.繼承權傳給在世的關係最近的親屬。➤distant遠親▸➤blood, family血親；家庭成員◇If you die without a will, only a husband, wife, children and blood relatives are entitled to inherit your property.如果去世時沒立遺囑，只有丈夫、妻子、子女及血親才能繼承財產。➤immediate直系親屬◇The deceased's immediate relatives will inherit her estate.死者的直系親屬將繼承她的財產。➤living, surviving在世的／依然健在的親屬➤deceased已故親屬▸➤elderly, old上了年紀的／年老的親戚▸➤young年輕的親戚▸➤female, male女性／男性親屬➤long-lost長久不見的親戚◇He greeted me like a long-lost relative.他跟我打招呼，就像久未見面的親戚一樣。➤poor (often figurative) 同類中較次者◇He believes that interior design is the poor relative of (= inferior to) architecture.他認為室內裝潢設計較建築學來說要低一等。➤dependent (especially BrE) 受扶養的親戚◇the increase in dependent elderly relatives需要扶養的老年親戚的增多➤disabled, ill, sick傷殘的親戚；有病的親戚◇people who care for a sick or disabled relative照料病殘親戚的人➤bereaved, grieving (both especially BrE) 剛剛喪失親人的／悲慟的親屬VERB + RELATIVE➤have有親戚◇I have no parents or close relatives.我沒有父母或近親。➤lose失去親人◇an organization that helps people who have lost relatives (= whose relatives have died) 專門幫助失去親人者的機構➤care for, give support to, help, look after, support, take care of (especially NAmE) 照料親屬；供養親屬；幫助親屬；贍養親屬◇She's caring for an elderly relative.她正照料一個年邁的親戚。➤live with與親戚住在一起▸➤stay with, visit暫時住在親戚家；拜訪親戚▸➤find, trace (especially BrE) 找到／查找親屬◇The police are trying to find the relatives of the deceased.警方正試圖尋找死者的親屬。➤contact, inform聯繫／告知親屬◇The names of the victims are being withheld until the relatives have been informed.受害者名單要在通知其親屬後才公佈。PHRASES➤friends and relatives, friends or relatives親戚朋友◇an intimate reception for close friends and relatives宴請親朋好友的私人招待會➤a relative by marriage姻親
BNC: 2255 COCA: 2428
relative noun
⇨ family 2relative

adjective

  ➡ See also the entry for equivalent adj. 另见equivalent形容词词条relative ♦︎ proportional ♦︎ proportionateThese words all describe things that are considered according to their position or connection with sth else. 这些词均表示相对而言的、相关联的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆relative / proportional / proportionate to sth◆a relative / proportional / proportionate increase■ relative considered according to its position or connection with sth else; considered and judged by being compared with sth else; that exists or has a particular quality only when compared with sth else 相对的；相关联的；相比较而言的；相比之下存在（或具有）的◆the position of the sun relative to the earth太阳与地球的相对位置◆You must consider the relative merits of the two plans.你必须考虑相比较之下两个计划各自的优点。◆They now live in relative comfort (= compared with how they lived before).他们现在过得比较舒适。◆It's all relative though, isn't it? We never had any money when I was a kid and $500 was a fortune to us.不过，一切都是相对的，是不是？我们小时候根本没钱，500块对我们就是很大一笔钱了。▸ relatively

adverb

◆At first glance the poem seems to be relatively straightforward.乍一看，这首诗似乎比较直白。◆The colleges had become, relatively speaking, short of funds.相对来说，这些学院资金开始紧拙。■ proportional prəˈpɔːʃənl; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃənl (rather formal) increasing or decreasing in size, amount or degree according to changes in sth else （尺寸、数量或程度）成比例的，相应的，相称的◆Salary is directly proportional to years of experience.薪金与资历直接挂钩。◆The number of teachers appointed is proportional to the total number of students.委派教师人数和学生总数成比例。  see also proportion ⇨ ratio ▸ proportionally

adverb

◆Families with children spend proportionally less per person than families without children.有子女家庭比无子女家庭人均开销相对要少。■ proportionate prəˈpɔːʃənət; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃənət (formal) proportional, especially when it is a question of what is fair or reasonable （尤指涉及公平或合理时）成比例的，相应的，相称的◆Inner cities have more than a proportionate share of social problems.内城区的社会问题多得不合比例。◆Penalties should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence.惩罚应与所犯罪行的严重程度相应。OPP disproportionate ⇨ excessive ▸ proportionately

adverb

◆Prices have risen but wages have not risen proportionately.物价上涨了，但工资并未相应增加。NOTE 辨析 Proportional or proportionate?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆Salary is proportional / proportionate to experience.薪金视资历而定。◆proportional / proportionate increases in costs成本的相应增加In these cases proportionate is more formal and less frequent than proportional. However, proportionate is often used when the question is not simply one of comparing two amounts, but of judging two actions or decisions and deciding whether one is fair or reasonable after considering the other. 在这些情况下，proportionate较正式，不如proportional常用。不过，如果谈论的不仅仅是两个数量的比较，而是对两个行动或决定作出判断，并评定哪一个更公平或合理时，常用proportionate◆The police response should be proportionate to the level of risk posed.警方的反应应该与事件的风险程度相称。The opposite, disproportionate, can be used when an action or judgement is not fair or reasonable in response to another action or situation. The opposite of proportional is inversely proportional. * proportionate的反义词是disproportionate，指某个行动或判断和另一个行动或情况不相称，显得不公平或不合理。proportional的反义词是inversely proportional（成反比）◆The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material (= the more rigid the material, the less force is needed).所需力量大小与材料刚性成反比。
BNC: 2255 COCA: 2428
relative
Ways of comparing things: than, relatively, whereas...
Comparison and comparisons: comparison, perspective, parallel...
General words for family members: a near relative/relation, be someone's elder, black sheep...
General types of plant: alpine, annual, bean...

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