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TOEFL BNC: 1307 COCA: 1282

prison

Word family 
Related topics: Jail & punishment
pris·on /ˈprɪzən/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]SCJ a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime, or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial 监狱；看守所，拘留所 SYN jail, → prisoner, imprison
 He visits his dad in prison every week.
他每周都去探望狱中的父亲。
 Ricky has been out of prison for three years now.
里基现已出狱三年。
 They’ll probably put him in prison for a long time.
他们很可能会让他在监狱里待很长时间。
 Helen was sent to prison for attacking a man with a knife.
海伦因持刀袭击一名男子而被送入监狱。
 The two men were arrested only a week after they were released from prison.
那两名男子从监狱获释后仅仅一周就被捕了。
 Three terrorists escaped from Brixton Prison.
有三名恐怖分子从布里克斯顿监狱越狱了。
 an increase in the number of women going to prison
入狱女性人数的增多
 Mr Gunn received a ten-year prison sentence.
冈恩先生获刑十年。
5Don’t say ‘the prison’ unless you are referring to a particular building: She was sent to prison. | He spent five years in prison. |They live opposite the prison.
如果不是确指某个监狱的建筑，不要说 ‘the prison’ : She was sent to prison. 她被送进了监狱。 | He spent five years in prison. 他坐了五年牢。 |They live opposite the prison. 他们住在监狱对面。
2  [uncountableU]SCJ the system that deals with keeping people in a prison 监禁，监狱制度
 the prison service
监狱管理机构
 Does prison deter criminals from offending again?
监禁可以制止罪犯再次犯罪吗？
3  [countableC] an unpleasant place or situation which it is difficult to escape from 难以脱身的地方；牢笼
 The farm felt like a prison to her.
那座农场对她来说犹如牢笼。
n Grammar
You use prison without ‘the’ when talking in general about someone being kept somewhere as a punishment:
He is in prison for murder.
The judge sent him to prison.
You use the prison when talking about a particular place:
There are about 600 prisoners in the prison.
Visitors to the prison are carefully checked.
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
go to prison
She went to prison for theft.
put somebody in prison
Mentally ill people should not be put in prison.
send somebody to prison
I was afraid I might get sent to prison.
be released from prison
He was released from prison six weeks ago.
let somebody out of prison
When’s he going to be let out of prison?
come/get out of prison
The boy just come out of prison after doing two years for assault.
escape from (a) prison
Blake escaped from a Missouri prison last year.
adjectives
an open prison (=one where prisoners are not restricted as much as usual)
He was transferred to an open prison.
a maximum security prison
He was sent to a maximum security prison where prisoners are kept in their cells almost 23 hours a day.
prison + NOUN
a prison sentence/term (=a period of time in prison as a punishment)
He is serving a four-year prison sentence.
a prison officer/official/warder/guard
Last month, a prisoner attacked two prison officers with a knife.
a prison cell (=a room where a prisoner lives)
Overcrowding means that many prisoners have to share a prison cell.
the prison population (=all the prisoners in a country)
The government wants to reduce the size of the prison population.
 THESAURUS
prison a large building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial 监狱；看守所
He was sentenced to five years in prison.
他被判五年监禁。
Wandsworth Prison
旺兹沃思监狱
jail a prison, or a similar smaller building where prisoners are kept for a short time 监狱；拘留所
nThis old building is the jail that Butch Cassidy escaped from in 1887.
He was taken to a cell in the Los Angeles County Jail.
他被关进洛杉矶县监狱的一间牢房。
n58% of prisoners are in jail for non-violent crimes.
nThe strikers were harassed, beaten and put in jail for trespassing.
nGrover got caught for not paying his taxes and was sent to jail.
gaol /dʒeɪl/ British EnglishBrE another way of spelling jail jail的另一种拼法
He spent the night in gaol.
他在拘留所里待了一夜。
penitentiary /ˌpenəˈtenʃəri/ American EnglishAmE a large prison for people who are guilty of serious crimes 〔关押重罪犯人的大型〕监狱
the Ohio State Penitentiary
俄亥俄州立监狱
nThe murderer served 10 years at the penitentiary in Stillwater.
nthe abandoned federal penitentiary on Alcatraz Island
correctional facility American EnglishAmE formal an official word for a prison 管教所〔监狱的正式说法〕
1,000 prisoners rioted at the North County Correctional Facility.
有1,000名囚犯在北县教养所发生暴乱。
detention centre British EnglishBrE, detention center American EnglishAmE a place where young people who have done something illegal are kept, because they are too young to go to prison. Also used about a place where people who have entered a country illegally are kept 拘留中心,感化中心〔专门关押青少年罪犯,也用于关押非法入境者〕
nKevin, who had been abandoned by his mother, had been in and out of detention centres all his life.
a juvenile detention center
青少年感化中心
nHarmondsworth detention centre, near Heathrow airport
open prison British EnglishBrE a prison in which prisoners have more freedom than in an ordinary prison, usually because their crimes were less serious 开放式监狱
nIn some open prisons, prisoners are allowed to go home at weekends.
cell a small room in a prison or police station, where someone is kept as a punishment 牢房,囚室
a prison cell
监狱里的牢房
nConditions were poor, and there were several prisoners to one cell.
Examples from the Corpus
prison• Prison is an expensive and inefficient way to deal with social problems.• When he was released from prison, Mandela was interviewed in Zambia.• The prosecuting lawyers say that Price may face life in prison.• Johnson pleaded guilty and was sentenced to five years in prison.• He has been sentenced to two years in prison and given a five-year driving ban.• Over half of the four hundred thousand people in our prisons are black.• The instruments for punishing prison rioters were already available and the offence was unnecessary.• a maximum security prison• The idleness and overcrowding led to rioting in four state prisons in 1985 that left an inmate dead.• Conditions in the prison were shocking.• Then she went to the prison to see Sarah.• But that issue quickly faded when the prison got built in Eloy.• The prison doctor refused unless she agreed to drink a cup of tea and eat a piece of bread and butter.• a fifteen-year prison sentence• Clayton will be released on Tuesday after serving seven years, prison officials said.
prison sentence• Eventually four men were arrested and given prison sentences for the crime.• He doesn't deserve to be facing a long prison sentence.• Elisa Felix pled guilty in 1993 to a money laundering charge and served a 10-month prison sentence.• The law must be changed to allow the courts to pass severe prison sentences on these so-called joyriders.• Staley is serving a 15-to 25-year state prison sentence for stalking his ex-girlfriend.• Name the doctor given a suspended prison sentence for the attempted murder of a dying patient. 4.• Each charge carried a maximum 10-year prison sentence.• The Arizona Special Delivery defendant faces a 10-to 24-year prison sentence under state law.
prison service• That is no way to run a prison service.• The police, probation and prison services have the information families need, and they generally have the opportunity to impart it.• Derek Lewis, prison service director general, said Wymott was now stable and the governor and staff were in control.• I do not believe simply in throwing money at the prison service for the sake of it.• It is putting forward the best possible case for the prison service.• We also need people prepared to write, as pen-friends, to warders and other officials in the prison service.• Yet he chose to keep it secret and blamed officers of the prison service for what happened.• Some staff think the prison service is being deliberately run down.
Origin prison
(1100-1200) Old French Latin prehensio “act of seizing”, from prehendere; → PREHENSILE
pris·on noun →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 1307 COCA: 1282
prison

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + PRISON | PRISON + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤local地方監獄➤federal聯邦監獄▸➤overcrowded人滿為患的監獄▸➤high-security, maximum-security, supermax (NAmE) 戒備森嚴的監獄；戒備措施最嚴格的監獄➤minimum-security (NAmE) 最低程度設防的監獄▸➤closed, open (especially BrE) 封閉式／開放式監獄◇Open prisons prepare prisoners for life back in the community.開放式監獄使囚犯為重新開始社會生活做好準備。➤private私設的監獄▸➤women's女子監獄➤debtors' (historical) 關押欠債人的監獄▸➤military軍事監獄VERB + PRISON➤go to入獄◇He went to prison for tax evasion.他因逃稅而入獄。➤put sb in, send sb to, throw sb into把某人投進監獄；把某人關入監獄◇She was sent to prison for leaking state secrets.她因泄露國家秘密而被捕入獄。◇He was immediately seized and thrown into prison.他很快就被捕入獄。➤be discharged from, be released from, come out of, get out of從監獄釋放；出獄◇When did he get out of prison?他什麼時候出獄的？➤escape from越獄◇A dangerous criminal has escaped from a maximum-security prison.一名危險的罪犯從戒備森嚴的監獄逃走了。➤avoid, escape避免入獄◇You only escaped prison (= escaped being sent to prison) because of your previous good character.你只是因為以前表現良好才免於監禁。➤face面臨監禁◇She was told by magistrates she could now face prison.她從地方法官處得知她現在有可能面臨監禁。➤build, design建造／設計監獄◇Building new prisons is not going to help lower our incarceration rate.建造新的監獄並不能幫助我們降低監禁率。➤operate, run管理／經營監獄◇It is one of several companies running private prisons across Britain.這是英國經營私人監獄的數家公司之一。PRISON + NOUN➤sentence, term監禁的判刑；刑期▸➤cell, hospital, yard牢房；監獄醫院；監獄的院子▸➤conditions監獄條件▸➤population監押人數➤inmate在監人員▸➤authorities, chaplain, governor, guard, officer, staff, warden, warder (BrE) 監獄當局；監獄牧師；典獄長；監獄守衞；監獄警官；監獄工作人員；獄吏▸➤service, system監獄管理機構；監獄制度➤reform監獄改革PREPOSITION➤at a/the prison在監獄中◇The police are investigating disturbances at the prison.警察正在調查監獄中發生的騷亂。➤in (a/the) prison被監禁；在監獄裏◇How long has her father been in prison?她父親被監禁多長時間了？◇There have been riots in the prison.這所監獄發生過暴亂。
TOEFL BNC: 1307 COCA: 1282
prison noun
⇨ prison (in prison) ⇨ send sb to prison ⇨ jail verb prison

noun

prison ♦︎ jail ♦︎ camp ♦︎ detention centre ♦︎ penitentiary ♦︎ jailhouse ♦︎ correctional facilityThese are all words for a building where people are kept and prevented from leaving. 这些词均表示监狱、看守所。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in prison / jail◆in a prison / jail / camp / detention centre / penitentiary / jailhouse / correctional facility◆a local prison / jail / correctional facility◆a juvenile prison / jail / detention centre / correctional facility◆a women's prison / jail / correctional facility◆to go to / be sent to / be released from / get out of prison / jail◆a prison / jail sentence / term■ prison [countable, uncountable] a large building or group of buildings where people are kept and prevented from leaving, either as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while they are waiting for trial 监狱；牢狱；看守所◆He was sent to prison for five years.他被关押了五年。◆Since 1990, the US prison population (= the total number of prisoners in a country) has almost doubled.自1990年，美国在押人数几乎翻了一番。◆ (especially BrE) Ten prison officers and three inmates needed hospital treatment following the riot.骚乱之后，十名狱警和三名囚犯须入院治疗。◆ (NAmE) prison guards监狱看守  see also imprison , send sb to prison ⇨ jail verb ■ jail (BrE also gaol) dʒeɪl [uncountable, countable] a prison, especially a small or local prison （尤指小型或地方的）监狱◆He will be freed from jail automatically after serving half the term.他将于刑期服满一半后自动获释。◆Woman faces jail for animal cruelty (= newspaper headline).一名女子因虐待动物或遭监禁。   see also jail ⇨ jail verb NOTE 辨析 Prison or jail?In British English there is very little difference between these words. Prison is also used to talk about the system of keeping people in prisons, as well as the building or institution itself. 在英式英语中，这两个词差别极小。prison除了表示监狱建筑或机构，还表示监狱体系◆the prison service / system监狱部门／体系◆the jail service/system In the US a prison is usually a place where people are sent for a long time after they have been found guilty of a crime. A jail is usually a place where people are locked up for a short time, especially until it can be decided what should be done with them next. 在美国，prison通常指罪犯被定罪之后长期服刑的地方，jail通常指临时性关押地，尤其是尚未决定接下来如何处置拘留者时◆He was held overnight at the county jail.他被羁押在县看守所过夜。 Jails are usually smaller than prisons and are usually operated by the local county; prisons are larger and are operated by the state or the US government. However, the terms in prison and in jail are used in exactly the same way. * jail通常比prison规模小，且通常由县级地方政府管理；prison较大，由州政府或美国政府管理。但是in prison和in jail用法完全相同。 ■ camp [countable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a place where people are kept in huts or tents, especially by a government and often for long periods （尤指政府用作长期安置的）营房，营帐◆Nearly a year after the disaster, many people are still living in refugee camps.灾难过去近一年了，许多人仍然居住在难民营。◆He spent the rest of the war in a prison camp.他在战俘营一直待到战争结束。◆Concentration camps were first used during the Boer War.集中营是在布尔战争期间首次出现的。■ deˈtention centre (BrE) (NAmE deˈtention center) [countable] a prison for young people 少年管教所◆The Juvenile Detention Center is where juveniles are held while awaiting their Juvenile Court hearing.少年管教所是等候少年法庭受理期间少年犯被关押的地方。■ penitentiary ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri [countable] (NAmE) a large prison in the US, especially one for people who have committed serious crimes （美国尤用于关押重犯的大型）监狱◆The execution was carried out at the state penitentiary in Fort Madison.是在麦迪逊堡的州监狱中执行的处决。■ jailhouse ˈdʒeɪlhaʊs [countable] (NAmE) a small local prison, especially in the past （尤指过去的）地方小型监狱◆The jailhouse housed the sheriff and his family as well as the prisoners.这间监狱住着县治安官、他的家人以及囚犯。ⓘ Jailhouse is sometimes used as a less formal word for prison in compounds, and in journalism. * jailhouse有时可以代替prison构成复合词，用于不太正式的场合和新闻报道◆He became something of a jailhouse lawyer (= a prisoner who knows a lot about the law).他差不多成了一名狱中律师。◆Two prisoners die in jailhouse fire (= newspaper headline).两囚犯死于狱中大火。 ■ corˈrectional facility [countable] (especially NAmE, rather formal) a prison or other institution that is intended to improve people's behaviour, usually by punishing them 监狱；劳改所◆The court must decide whether the child should be placed in a correctional facility.法庭必须裁定是否应该把这个孩子关进劳改所。
TOEFL BNC: 1307 COCA: 1282

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