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BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034

painful

Word family 
pain·ful /ˈpeɪnfəl/ ●●● W2 adjectiveadj  
1  HURT/CAUSE PAINif a part of your body is painful, it hurts 〔身体某个部位〕疼痛的
 stiff painful joints
僵硬疼痛的关节
 Is your arm very painful?
你的手臂很疼吗？
 The neck becomes swollen and painful to the touch (=hurts when you touch it).
脖子肿起来了，一碰就疼。
2  UPSETmaking you feel very upset, or very difficult and unpleasant for you 令人痛苦[难受]的；困难的，令人不快的 OPP painless
painful memories/experience etc
 He sobbed as he recalled the painful memory.
回想起那段痛苦的往事，他啜泣起来。
 Venice was a painful reminder of her marriage.
威尼斯是个伤心地，让她回想起自己的婚姻。
 He and his wife took the painful decision to switch off their son’s life support machine.
他和妻子痛苦地决定切断儿子的生命维持器。
 the long and painful process of growing up
漫长而艰难的成长历程
painful to do something
 It can be painful to leave the house in which you were born.
离开自己出生的房子会很痛苦。
painful for/to
 The divorce was painful for both of us.
离婚让我俩都感到痛苦。
 Even hearing his name was painful to her.
甚至连听到他的名字都让她觉得痛苦。
3  HURT/CAUSE PAINcausing physical pain 引起疼痛的
 a painful blow on the head
头部遭到的疼痛一击
excruciatingly/extremely painful
 an excruciatingly painful death
极其痛苦的死亡
painful to do something
 He was finding it painful to breathe.
他发现呼吸的时候很痛苦。
4  EMBARRASSEDif someone’s behaviour or a performance is painful, it is so bad that it embarrasses people 令人难堪的
painful to watch/listen to/hear etc
 It’s painful to watch her making the best of a terrible script.
看着她尽全力去演好那个蹩脚剧本，真是令人心痛。
Do not use painful to mean ‘feeling pain’: He didn’t feel much pain (NOT feel very painful) at first.
Do not use painful to mean ‘feeling pain’. 想表达感到疼痛的意思时，不要用painful: He didn’t feel much pain (NOT 不说 feel very painful) at first! 起初他并没有觉得很疼！
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: making you feel very upset, or very difficult and unpleasant for you
nouns
a painful memory
The photograph brought back painful memories.
a painful experience
It must have been a painful experience for you.
a painful process
It was just part of the painful process of growing up.
a painful time/period
The US is in for a painful period of adjustment.
a painful decision
I made the painful decision to move far away from my family.
a painful reminder
The violence is a painful reminder that many issues have not yet been resolved.
the painful truth
We won’t be able to keep the painful truth from the children.
painful feelings/emotions
Patients are encouraged to talk about their painful feelings.
 THESAURUS
when a part of your body hurts 身体某部位疼痛
painful used for describing a part of the body that hurts 疼痛的
Her leg is still painful where she broke it.
她腿上骨折的地方仍然很痛。
painful joints
疼痛的关节
nShe was suffering from painful stomach cramps.
tender painful when touched 一触即痛的
The skin around the wound is very tender.
伤口周围的皮肤一碰就痛。
stiff painful and difficult to move 僵硬的,一动就痛的
I’ve got a stiff neck.
我脖子发僵。
Her body was stiff from sitting in the car for so long.
她在汽车里坐了这么久,身体都僵硬了。
sore painful as a result of a wound, infection, or too much exercise 〔因受伤、感染、运动过度而〕疼痛的
sore muscles
酸痛的肌肉
a sore throat
喉咙痛
The wound was sore and red.
伤口红肿疼痛。
Examples from the Corpus
painful• The transition from dualism to monism is painful.• It's five years since we separated, but I still find the memories quite painful.• This was very painful, and made me cry aloud.• events from her painful and troubled past• Each year the painful birth of birds brought more seeds, more bones, more wolves into the forest.• The treatment, in the early stages, could be painful, but it could also bring a release from pain.• In her misery, Aileen remembered with painful clarity when she'd first met Mac.• a slow painful death• That means food aid, and it means more painful diplomacy in the search for peace.• For those involved, the scandal has been a very painful experience.• More painful in many ways is the appalling loss of self-confidence and self-esteem.• But it can add up to a painful result.• painful shyness• The child suffered painful stomach cramps and vomiting after drinking one of the contaminated drinks.• painful surgery• painful, swollen knee-joints• Colin's death is painful to me and everyone who knew him.• It was so painful to see how frail she had become in just a few months.• His total humiliation was painful to watch.• Jim's knee was still painful where he had fallen on it.
painful to the touch• The ankle was already swollen and painful to the touch.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.
painful for/to• I closed my eyes-it was too painful to consider.• Now she had trouble getting up and walking, gravity too painful for her.• My throat felt dry, my eyes heavy and painful to move.• Some prophecy should therefore be painful to receive, particularly to the outsider, but by no means all.• The memories were too painful to revisit, but I suspect that similar sorrows bound us unconsciously.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.• Chairman James Unruh said the decision had been painful for Unisys, but that the company saw little choice.• Before it became too painful for you?
painful to do something• That experience might be welcomed by some but is painful to a man who once reveled in his fame, friends said.• More painful to hide it inside.• Illiterates find it painful to identify themselves.• He had hurt his right ankle and it was too painful to put to the ground.• When it got more and more painful to put up with him, I quit.• It is a wonderful part of the book, if painful to read.• The glands become matted together and very painful to the touch.• Besides, he'd never expect her to try and escape because he thought her ankle too painful to walk on.
pain·ful adjectiveadj →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
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Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: pain

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