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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 696 COCA: 11239

further

Word family 
fur·ther1 /ˈfɜːðə $ ˈfɜːrðər/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv  
1  more 更多地MORE THAN something OR somebody ELSE more, or to a greater degree 进一步；在更大程度上
 A spokesman declined to comment until the evidence could be studied further.
一位发言人拒绝在证据得到进一步验证之前发表评论。
 The flavour of the wine is further improved during the aging period.
葡萄酒口感在陈化过程中进一步提升。
 Whaling in Australia was stopped. But the Australian government went further (=said or did something more extreme) and proposed a global ban.
澳大利亚已停止捕鲸，但是澳大利亚政府更进一步建议全球禁捕。
further into/away etc
 Marcus sank further and further into debt.
马库斯的债越欠越多。
► see thesaurus at more
2  take something further MORE/EXTRAto take action at a more serious or higher level, especially in order to get the result you want 进一步做某事〔尤为取得所需结果〕
 The police do not propose to take the matter further.
警方不打算进一步追查此事。
take something a stage/step further
 Critics want the government to take this a stage further and ban the film altogether.
批评人士希望政府的这一举动能更进一步，全面禁止这部影片。
Examples from the Corpus
take something further• We take it further than just explaining drug abuse and saying "Don't do it."
3  distance 距离 (also farther)FAR a greater distance, or beyond a particular place 更远；再往前地
 They walked a little further.
他们又往前走了一点。
further up/away/along etc
 His farm is located further away from Riobamba than his brother’s.
他的农场比他兄弟的农场离里奥班巴更远。
 His hands moved further down her back.
他的手在她背上继续往下滑。
 They’ve never been further south than San Diego.
他们从没有到过比圣迭戈更往南的地方。
4  time 时间AFTER into the past or the future 〔过去或未来〕更久远，较远
further back/on/ahead etc
 Five years further on, a cure has still not been found.
五年过去了，仍未找到对症的疗法。
 The records don’t go any further back than 1960.
记录没有1960年以前的。
 It might be a sign, much further down the road (=in the future), of a change in policy.
这可能是未来政策改变的一个迹象。
5  in addition 而且 [sentence adverbadv] formalAND/ALSO used to introduce something additional that you want to talk about 此外；而且 SYN furthermore
 Butter sales have fallen because margarine has improved in flavor. Further, butter consumption has decreased because of links to heart disease.
黄油销量下滑是因为人造黄油的味道有了改进。此外，因为与心脏疾病有关，黄油的消耗量也减少了。
6  further to something written formalAND/ALSO used in letters to mention a previous letter, conversation etc about the same matter 关于某事〔用于书信，提及上次有关同一事件的信件、谈话等〕 SYN following
 Further to your letter of February 5th, we can confirm your order.
关于贵方2月5日来函，我们确认贵方之订单。
7  nothing could be further from the truth UNTRUEused when you want to say that something is completely untrue 完全不是事实
 People often described him as a bitter academic, but nothing could be further from the truth.
人们经常说他是个爱发牢骚的书呆子，但事实完全不是那样。
Examples from the Corpus
nothing could be further from the truth• A lot of people think soufflés are hard to make. Nothing could be further from the truth.• They say he is a spy, but nothing could be further from the truth.
8. nothing could be/is further from somebody’s mind/thoughts used to emphasize that someone is not thinking about or intending something 某人根本没在想[打算做]某事
9. something must not go any further SECRETused to say that something you are telling someone is secret or private 某事不可外传
Examples from the Corpus
further• The Soviet Union tested its own hydrogen bomb within a year, and the nuclear arms race escalated further.• He declined to discuss the robbery further.• Mortality appears to be higher, though officials are reluctant to put a number to it until they investigate further.• At Buitoni we go even further and blend a full five eggs - quality controlled and fully pasteurised - into each kilo.• Moving to a new location further hurt Tanya's business.• The cheese's flavor and texture may be further improved during the aging period.• It further investigates the impact of these changes on management culture and employee relations in a number of privatized companies.• It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad."• They've never been further south than San Diego.• How much further would Fen decide to travel?
went further• A leading quality expert went further.• Yet the new antisemitism went further.• He went further and said that the prosecution bore that burden whenever the issue of prejudice through delay was raised.• He went further and tied the distances between the sites in with the known distances between planets in the solar system.• You went further from home, into the poorest areas.• I - I went further than I intended and I fell over.• Because he went further than most into that unimaginable world of extreme pain and violence.• Yet he went further than this ... food must be produced from a healthy, living soil.
further up/away/along etc• We felt as if we were driving into the heart of the wilderness, our deadlines drifting further and further away.• Two other buzzards wheel in on big circling paths further along, about 30m above the woods.• These in turn inhibit some adjacent cells but excite others further away, and so on.• The farm buildings so often found below the galleries are situated further away in this case.• Could Mr Smith be another Warrior, or even further up the hierarchy of Tormentors than he'd thought?• A little further up the street Peter was watching Jack.• She inched further away to the corner of the sofa.
further back/on/ahead etc• Other elements were further back, and they started firing.• For this shot you should position the ball further back in your stance and compensate by fractionally strengthening the left-hand grip.• To go no further back than the nineteenth century, we have had the fateful dates 1815,1871,1914.• Similar patterns of dispersal could be seen on the terraces themselves, with S3 always standing further back than the rest.• The present owners have worked further on the property converting the castle itself and the surrounding stone farm buildings into comfortable residences.• You want me to go further on the record with that?• And it stretches even further back, to a time when men rode animals, not machines.• Looking further back, we can see the book as very largely a composite of earlier extended drafts.
further2 ●●○ adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  MORE/EXTRAmore or additional 更多的；附加的
 Are there any further questions?
还有其他问题吗？
 We have decided to take no further action.
我们决定不采取进一步行动。
further details/information etc
 Visit our website for further details.
欲知详情，请访问我们的网站。
a further 10 miles/5 minutes etc
 Cook gently for a further 10 minutes.
再用文火煮10分钟。
► see thesaurus at more
2  until further notice AFTERuntil you are told that something has changed 直至另行通知
Examples from the Corpus
until further notice• All three schools were closed until further notice.• Just keep sending the reports, he says, until further notice.• The museum will be closed until further notice.• All its teams have been banned from international competitions until further notice.• Althorp is closed to the public until further notice.• Despite the plans to introduce a multiparty system, government sources confirmed that new parties would remain banned until further notice.• His coach told him a few days ago that he would come off the bench until further notice.• An army spokesman said the curfew would continue until further notice, but army radio said it would be lifted on Sunday.• A curfew was imposed until further notice in both Nouadhibou and Nouakchott.• Fast lanes closed on each carriageway until further notice with two lanes open for traffic.
Examples from the Corpus
further• Strike action will continue for a further 24 hours.• However, I would certainly not want to give a commitment about a further debate.• He wanted to roll on to his back and float, no further effort.• An extra half-mile in the Tom Masson Hurdle will see further improvement, and he will be hard to beat.• For further information, contact the help line.• For further information, travelers may contact the consulate.• Any possibility of further reductions in respite care should be strenuously resisted.• A further set of issues contributing significantly to globalization concerns the environment.• It has one further surprise for us!• The doctors are keeping her in hospital to do further tests.
no further action• Instead, he sagged back in his chair and took no further action.• Smith told Slater to control himself but took no further action.• The allegations were serious, and it had not been supposed that the children would be allowed home with no further action.• The Panel added that it would take no further action in either case.• If this is satisfactory then no further action is required, as the fasting cholesterol will be lower than the random determination.• While I was personally convinced that abuse had taken place, it appeared that no further action was likely.• If a second reminder was unsuccessful no further action was taken.• Once these have been serviced no further actions will result.
further3 ●○○ verb [transitiveT]  
SUCCESSFULto help something progress or be successful 促进，推动 → promote
 He dedicated his life to furthering the cause of world peace.
他一生致力于推动世界和平事业。
 Alan had been using her to further his career.
艾伦一直在利用她来发展自己的事业。
Examples from the Corpus
further• Rodney had no opportunities to further his education.• He assured anybody who asked that his group was also against violence in furthering its cause.• Its goal was to further school-to-work efforts in the United States through a peer-to-peer recruitment of corporate leaders.• The intention behind the book is furthering the necessarily slow process of changing values.• What is the continuing education budget post-entry and the employer's commitment to assist you in furthering your own professional commitment?
further ... career• In recent weeks Janet has become aware that her colleague Alan has been using her to further his career.• Others, either purposely or accidentally, found the war useful to further their careers.• We market them, we introduce them and we further their careers.• At the same time I wanted to further my career and win more medals.• Leopold felt it his duty to further Wolfgang's career from the start at the expense of his own.• I couldn't further his career in any way or extend his mind.• She not only got pregnant but also found it impossible to further her career in the Tory party.• Railwaymen were going to object to funds being used to further the political careers of such men.
Origin further1
Old English furthor; related to forth
fur·ther1 adverbadvfurther2 adjectiveadjfurther3 verb
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: far

TOEFL IELTS BNC: 696 COCA: 11239
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 696 COCA: 11239
further verb
⇨ promote
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 696 COCA: 11239
further
Relating to or describing distance: long, little, away...
Function words referring to location: about, across, after...
General words referring to time: then, all, last...
Too much, extra and more: too, exceptional, surplus...
Also and additional: also, additional, extra...
Ways of adding extra information: namely, incidentally, furthermore...
To help something to progress: foster, promote, nurse...

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