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BNC: 440 COCA: 577

certain

Word family 
cer·tain1 /ˈsɜːtn $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj  
1  [not before noun]SURE confident and sure, without any doubts 肯定的，确定的，毫无疑问的 SYN sure
certain (that)
 I’m absolutely certain that I left the keys in the kitchen.
我绝对肯定我把钥匙落在厨房里了。
 I felt certain that I’d passed the test.
我感觉自己肯定通过这次测验了。
certain who/what/how etc
 I’m not certain when it will be ready.
我不确定什么时候能准备好。
certain about/of
 Now, are you certain about that?
喂，你肯定是那样吗？
 They were watching him. He was certain of it.
他们在监视他，对此他很肯定。
► see thesaurus at sure
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In everyday English, people usually say sure rather than certain: 在日常英语中，人们一般说sure，不说certain
I’m sure I gave him the money.
我肯定我把钱给他了。
2  CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYif something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true 肯定会发生的，必然的，确实的
 It now seems certain that there will be an election in May.
现在看来五月份肯定会举行大选。
 Many people look certain to lose their jobs.
许多人看来肯定要失业了。
 It is wise to apply early to be certain of obtaining a place.
最好早点申请以确保被录取。
 It’s not certain where he lived.
不清楚他住在哪里。
 His re-election was considered virtually certain.
他再次当选被认为几乎已成定局。
 It is by no means certain that the deal will be accepted.
还无法确定这笔交易会被接受。
 If they stayed in the war zone they would face certain death.
他们如果留在战区的话，那就必死无疑。
3  make certain 
a) CHECK/MAKE SUREto check that something is correct or true 核实〔某事〕，把…弄清楚 SYN make sure
make certain (that)
 We need to make certain that it’s going to fit first.
我们首先要确定这能放得下。
b) CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYto do something in order to be sure that something will happen 确保 SYN make sure
make certain (that)
 Secure the edges firmly to make certain that no moisture can get in.
把边缘扣紧确保不让潮气进去。
Examples from the Corpus
make certain• Nicholas knelt, then lifted him to the base of the wall and knelt again, to make certain.• Contractors are working hard to make certain all the homes will be ready for occupation as soon as possible.• Reacher had made certain fine, illegal adjustments of the turbine.• This principle, then, makes certain general predictions about acquisition.• He watched her long enough to make certain she was breathing.• She's clearly intent on making certain that guests enjoy themselves.• Begin by making certain that the door itself is strong enough.• What position are they in to make certain the prisoners abide by the rules of their temporary release?
4  for certain CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYwithout doubt 确定，无疑 SYN for sure
know/say (something) for certain
 I know for certain it’s in here somewhere.
我能肯定它就在这里的某个地方。
that’s/one thing’s for certain
 One thing’s for certain, he won’t be back.
有一点可以肯定，他是不会回来了。
Examples from the Corpus
know/say (something) for certain• I didn't really know this for certain.
5  [only before noun] used to talk about a particular person, thing, group of things etc without naming them or describing them exactly 某个；某些
6  a certain 
Examples from the Corpus
a certain• The restaurant has a certain charm.• There's a certain Mrs. Myles on the telephone.• A baby was crying, and I felt a certain sympathy for it.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: if something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true
phrases
it seems certain that …
It seemed certain that the other team would win.
somebody seems/looks/appears certain to do something
For a while the whole project looked certain to fail.
something is by no means certain (=not definite)
Victory was by no means certain for Smith.
something is far from certain (=not definite)
Success is far from certain.
adverbs
fairly certain
Opposition to the changes is fairly certain.
almost/virtually certain
It is almost certain that she will be given a prison sentence.
Prices are virtually certain to increase.
nouns
certain death
If they stayed in the war zone, they faced almost certain death.
 THESAURUS – Meaning 2: if something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true 肯定会发生的，必然的，确实的
certain if something is certain, you are completely sure that it will happen or is true 确定的，肯定的
Success seems certain.
成功似乎确定无疑。
It is almost certain that there will be a change of government.
几乎可以肯定，政府将要换届。
nNobody knows exactly who built the manor, but it is certain that an architect called John Sturges supplied the drawings.
definite if something is definite, it is certain because someone has officially stated that it will happen, is true etc 确定的，明确的
I hope you can give me a definite answer soon.
我希望你快点给我一个明确的答复。
The wedding will be next summer but a definite date has not been arranged yet.
婚礼将在明年夏天举行，但确切日期尚未敲定。
nI’ve got a good chance of getting the job, but it’s not definite yet.
inevitable if something, especially something bad, is inevitable, it is certain to happen and you cannot do anything to prevent it 〔尤指坏事〕不可避免的
War now seems inevitable.
眼下战争看似不可避免。
It was inevitable that he would find out her secret sooner or later.
他迟早会发现她的秘密，这是不可避免的。
nFacial wrinkles are the inevitable result of aging.
be bound to if something is bound to happen, it is very likely to happen, especially because that is what usually happens in that kind of situation. Be bound to is less formal than certain and is very common in everyday spoken English 必定，必将〔be bound to没有certain正式，在日常英语口语里很常用〕
The kids are bound to be hungry when they get home – they always are.
孩子们回到家里必定饿了——他们一向如此。
My car broke down today. It was bound to happen sooner or later.
我的汽车今天坏了，这是迟早的事。
be assured of something formal to be certain to get something good, or to be successful 确信能得到某物，确信会成功
After the success of its recent single, the band is now assured of a contract with a major record company.
最近的单曲唱片发行成功后，该乐队现在确定能和一家大唱片公司签约了。
nHe is is virtually assured of becoming the next prime minister.
nOur clients are assured of comfortable accommodation and the attention of our trained staff.
something is a foregone conclusion if something is a foregone conclusion, its result is certain even though it has not happened yet 某事是预料中的必然结果
They were winning by such a large margin that victory seemed to be a foregone conclusion.
他们大幅领先对手，胜利似乎已成定局。
Party members believe it is a foregone conclusion that he will resign.
党员们相信，他辞职是早晚的事。
Examples from the Corpus
certain• Computer prices will continue to fall - that's certain.• He was certain about one thing - she would come back one day.• You will see that generally a certain amount of light comes through.• Her business faces certain bankruptcy.• Coaches should be certain before they challenge a referee's decision.• Ignoring all warnings, the general led his men to certain death.• It is impossible to look at certain drawings without laughing.• The Minoans also regarded certain inanimate objects as incarnations of a deity.• She won't let you borrow the car - I'm certain of that.• Because the growing, feeding and slaughtering of kosher chickens are supervised by rabbis, all growers must meet certain standards.• It is only in certain subjects - notably mathematics, technical subjects and physics - that boys do better than girls.• Nobody knows exactly who built the manor, but it is certain that an architect called John Sturges supplied the drawings.• As the results came in, it was now almost certain that Ken Livingstone would be the new Mayor of London.• There will also be deep-seated reasons why certain types of behaviour elicit strong responses in others.• Are you certain you didn't leave your keys at home?• Don't stop looking until you're absolutely certain you've found the place you want.
certain (that)• On the other hand, nothing is certain.• The death is slow, taking several years, but certain.• Moderated drinking is seen as a viable goal for certain clients.• The selection of a particular planning frame commits the speaker to using certain function words and affixes and not others.• All the programs block access to certain Internet forums.• Only peddlers or certain ministers would barge right in.• I'm almost certain that Jackie was pregnant when they got married.• Begin by making certain that the door itself is strong enough.• Tumour necrosis factor, interferon alfa, and interleukin 2 have already been expressed and secreted in high concentrations within certain tumours.
It ... seems certain that• It seems certain that all eight have been copied, ultimately from a single ancestral globin gene.• It now seems certain that cheap, convenient videoconferencing is at last going to reach a mass market of computer users.• In terms of the training materials themselves, it seems certain that digital multimedia will play a major role.• It seems certain that pavement K, Woodchester is of the same period as the Orpheus mosaic, i.e. c. 310-325.• It seems certain that there is still a place for working elephants in mountainous regions where machinery can not easily operate.• It seems certain that to Modigliani she acted as stimulant, irritant and catalyst for his work.• It now seems certain that, whichever party comes to power on 5 March, the latest funding measures will be upheld.
certain kind/type/sort• Shaq, this move is only effective against a certain type of defense.• Schattschneider argues that certain types of groups are organised into politics and others are organised out of it'.• And a certain kind of heroism, a tone of valiant despair, colors the choreography.• There is a certain kind of leader who recruits only people like himself or herself.• Perhaps it was that which made her attractive to a certain type of man.• These networks, which included certain kinds of neighbouring, included those for whom ties of kinship were of primary significance.• In the first place, the rule could apply only to a certain kind of poetry.
certain2 pronoun  
certain of somebody/something formal particular people or things in a group 人/物中的某些
 Certain of the payments were made on Mr Maxwell’s authority.
部分款项是经马克斯韦尔先生批准支付的。
Examples from the Corpus
certain• You have to be a certain height to go on some of the rides.• There are certain things I just can't talk to my mother about.• Some vegetables are only available at certain times of the year.• In certain ways Martha's good to work for, but she's really sarcastic.
From Longman Business Dictionary
certaincer·tain /ˈsɜːtnˈsɜːrtn/ adjectiveadj
a sum certainLAW an amount of money that cannot be changed or have anything added to it
a written order requiring the importer to pay a sum certain in the exporter’s domestic currency
Origin certain1
(1200-1300) Old French Vulgar Latin certanus, from Latin certus “decided, certain”, from cernere “to sift, decide”
cer·tain1 adjectiveadj →REGISTER1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1certain2 pronoun
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