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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 456 COCA: 606

evidence

Word family 
Related topics: Law
ev·i·dence1 /ˈevɪdəns/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun  
1  [uncountableU]PROVE facts or signs that show clearly that something exists or is true 证据，证明
evidence of
 At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们还没有其他行星上存在生命的证据。
evidence for
 There is no evidence for these claims.
这些说法没有根据。
evidence that
 Do you have evidence that this treatment works?
你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？
► see thesaurus at sign
2  [uncountableU]SCT information that is given in a court of law in order to prove that someone is guilty or not guilty 〔法庭上证明某人有罪或无罪的〕证据，证词
 Murrow’s evidence was enough to convict Hayes of murder.
默罗的证词足以证明海斯犯了谋杀罪。
 He refused to give evidence at the trial.
他拒绝出庭作证。
evidence against
 There was very little evidence against the two men.
几乎没有证据可以证明这两名男子有罪。
in evidence
 The documents may be used in evidence at the trial.
这些文件可以在庭审时用作证据。
3  be in evidence formalSHOW/BE A SIGN OF to be present and easily seen or noticed 显眼，显而易见
 The police are always in evidence at football matches.
警察在足球比赛中总是很显眼。
Examples from the Corpus
be in evidence• These had been present since early in her life and were in evidence during the play I observed with her parents.• No relief attempt was in evidence.• Although no birds are in evidence, it is assumed that this Labour is indicated.• Unfortunately, only the cheerleaders were in evidence last night.• A full centralisation of structure and a more flowing and energetic style - often with greater pictorial content - is in evidence.• His playfulness is in evidence this day, too.• The police were very much in evidence at the protest.• The soldiers are now housed in five-man rooms; duvets, music systems and the occasional television are in evidence.• Not many of them were in evidence yesterday, when the first proper snap of autumn was in the air.
→ king's evidence, Queen's evidence, State's evidence
5 GRAMMAR 语法
Evidence is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it. evidence是不可数名词，没有复数形式，其后要用单数动词
Vital evidence was destroyed.
关键证据被毁。
n GRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?
Evidence is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say:
The judge listened to all the evidence.
✗Don’t say: The judge listened to all the evidences.
Evidence is always followed by a singular verb:
The evidence is very clear.
When talking about one fact or sign, you say a piece of evidence:
The police found a vital piece of evidence.
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
have evidence 有证据
Do the police have any evidence against him?
警方有什么对他不利的证据吗？
find evidence (also obtain evidence formal) 找到证据
The authorities failed to obtain enough evidence to convict him.
当局未能获取足够证据给他定罪。
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
Police experts are still collecting evidence at the scene of the crime.
警方专家仍在犯罪现场收集证据。
look for/search for evidence 寻找/搜寻证据
The investigation will look for evidence of financial mismanagement.
这次调查将寻找财务管理不善的证据。
hide evidence 隐藏证据
The killer may have tried to burn the bodies in an attempt to hide the evidence.
凶手可能为了掩盖证据而试图焚烧尸体。
plant evidence (=deliberately put evidence somewhere to make someone look guilty) 栽赃
He claims the evidence was planted there by the police.
他声称是警方栽赃。
produce evidence (=find evidence and prepare it for a court case) 提供证据
The case was adjourned to allow the police time to produce further evidence.
案件暂缓审理，给警方时间以提供进一步证据。
give evidence (=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true) (出庭)作证
Ms White has agreed to give evidence at their trial.
怀特夫人已同意在他们庭审时出庭作证。
consider/examine/study the evidence 审查/研究证据
Having considered all the evidence, the court found him not guilty.
法庭研究了所有证据后判他无罪。
adjectives
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease.
有明显证据表明吸烟导致心脏病。
hard evidence (=very clear evidence which proves that something is true) 确凿的证据，铁证
They have no hard evidence to support their claim.
他们没有确凿证据证明自己的说法。
fresh evidence (=new evidence) 新的证据
The police say they may have found fresh evidence which proves Tilly was at the scene of the crime.
警方称他们可能已经找到新的证据，证明蒂莉当时在案发现场。
medical/scientific evidence 医学/科学证据
There isn’t any medical evidence to support the claim.
没有医学证据支持这种说法。
reliable/credible (=which people can trust or believe) 可靠的/可信的
Do you think their evidence is reliable?
你认为他们的证词可信吗？
flimsy (=not good enough to make you believe something) 不可信的
Their conclusions are drawn from some very flimsy evidence.
他们是根据一些很不可信的证据得出结论的。
convincing/compelling (=making you feel sure that something is true) 令人信服的
The data provides compelling evidence that the climate is changing.
这些数据令人信服地证明了气候在变化。
overwhelming (=when there is so much evidence that you are sure that something is true) 难以辩驳的
The evidence against him was overwhelming.
指控他的证据无可辩驳。
conclusive/incontrovertible/irrefutable evidence (=very strong evidence which cannot be disproved) 不容置疑的/无可辩驳的证据
nWe need irrefutable evidence before making an arrest.
nThe government claims it has conclusive evidence of the country’s nuclear weapons programme.
conflicting evidence (=pieces of evidence that support different conclusions) 互相矛盾的证据
nWith so much conflicting evidence, it’s almost impossible to make a decision.
nincriminating evidence (=making someone seem guilty of a crime)
The robbers were careful not to leave any incriminating evidence behind.
ndamning evidence (=proving that someone has done something wrong)
Her testimony proved to be the most damning evidence against him.
circumstantial evidence (=evidence which makes something seem likely, but does not prove it) 间接证据
nHis barrister claims the case against him is based on circumstantial evidence.
anecdotal evidence (=based on what people believe, rather than on facts) 传闻证据
nAnecdotal evidence suggests that gang-related violence is on the increase.
empirical evidence (=based on scientific testing or practical experience) 实验
nWhere is the empirical evidence to back up these claims?
nadmissible evidence (=acceptable in a court of law)
Her lawyer advised that the tape would not be admissible evidence in court.
phrases
a piece of evidence 一项证据
The study produced one interesting piece of evidence.
此研究提供了一项有趣的证据。
not a scrap/shred of evidence (=no evidence at all) 没有丝毫证据
There is not one scrap of evidence against our client.
没有丝毫证据能证明我们的委托人有罪。
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘true evidence’. Say reliable evidence.
Examples from the Corpus
evidence• evidence of life on other planets• Without any evidence we cannot prove that she was involved in murder.• The police did not have enough evidence to charge anybody with the murder.• Prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to convict Smith.• Final evidence that rhynchosaurs were herbivorous is that they occurred in large numbers; in general we expect the herbivores to outnumber carnivores.• One need not go to Budhist sociology to find evidence of self benefits.• People have been looking for evidence of life on other planets for years.• His former girlfriend was called to give evidence.• Husbands and wives cannot be forced to give evidence against each other.• And there appears to be little evidence that that will occur soon.• The defense presented some new evidence from the victim's next-door neighbor.• We can find no evidence that he ever worked for the company.• The most important piece of evidence, the murder weapon, has not been found.• There is not a shred of evidence to support such a theory.• The government's case was based on evidence gathered over a two-year investigation.• There is no scientific evidence to support this theory.• There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.• There is strong evidence to suggest that the Great Barrier Reef will have disappeared in 20 years time.• After examining such evidence, the Oregon court agreed with the teacher that the contract was not divisible into two parts.• In this case we must reconstitute ourselves into a court of appeal and go through all the evidence afresh.• He must draw deductions about what he thinks took place from the evidence that is presented to him.• The evidence proves clearly and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.• I have suggested elsewhere that their presentation of their evidence benefits from closer examination.• There was no visible evidence that humans had ever lived in this valley.
evidence that• The presence of the out-of-phase conduction is therefore additional evidence that significant non-electrolyte-mediated conduction is occurring.• The agents are looking for evidence that puts Kaczynski at each site where a bomb was mailed or placed, officials said.• The problems are responsive to nutrition intervention, or there is evidence that nutrition intervention will contribute to the solution. 4.• As yet, however, there is little evidence that cytokine secreting tumour infiltrating lymphocytes perform any more effectively than the parent cells.• There is no evidence that the raised incidence in Seascale extends to the two county districts nearest to Sellafield or to Cumbria generally.• Again, however, there's no evidence that voters wanted city government dismantled.• There was no evidence that either driver had been drinking.• Despite the evidence that men can raise their children, most women still do not trust them.• It agreed a new report which recorded widespread evidence that the world's temperature was increasing.
evidence2 verb [transitiveT]  
formalSHOW/BE A SIGN OF to show that something exists or is true 证明
as (is) evidenced by
 The volcano is still active, as evidenced by the recent eruption.
最近的喷发证明，这座火山依然活跃。
n Grammar
Evidence is usually passive.
Examples from the Corpus
evidence• Iron deficiency anemia, as evidenced by a high prevalence of low hemoglobin levels, was a widespread problem.• A belief in unseen forces, perhaps, which in Auerbach's paintings are evidenced by angular vectors in the sky.• This was evidenced by the continuation of her long-established teaching methods and forms of classroom organisation between sessions with the advisory teacher.• The split between rich and poor teams has grown wider, evidenced by the few clubs going after high-priced free agents.• Some of them have been visiting inappropriate Web sites, as was evidenced by the History folder.• However, seat belts also involve a degree of inconvenience, as evidenced by the unwillingness of many people to use them.• The Empire and the superiority it evidenced, was just the way things were, entirely natural.
From Longman Business Dictionary
evidenceev·i·dence /ˈevɪdəns/ noun [uncountableU]
LAWinformation or facts given in a court of law to prove that someone is guilty
He refused to give evidence at the trial.
ev·i·dence1 noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→COLLOCATIONS1evidence2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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