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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 971 COCA: 1015

surface

Word family 
sur·face1 /ˈsɜːfɪs $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●●● S3 W1 noun [countableC]  
1  water/land 水/陆地SURFACE the top layer of an area of water or land 表面，面
surface of
 Dead leaves floated on the surface of the water.
凋落的树叶漂浮在水面。
 Nearly 10% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ice.
地球表面将近 10% 被冰层覆盖。
 Gas bubbles in any liquid tend to rise to the surface.
在任何液体中气泡往往都会浮到表面。
beneath/under/below the surface
 The tunnel was some 300 feet below the surface.
隧道在地表以下约 300 英尺深处。
2  outside/top layer 外层/表层 the outside or top layer of something 〔物体的〕外层，表层，面
surface of
 the surface of the vase
花瓶的表面
 The road surfaces tend to be worse in the towns than in the country.
城镇里的路面往往比乡村的差。
 a frying pan with a non-stick surface
表面不粘的平底煎锅
on something’s surface
 mold growing on the cheese’s surface
长在干酪表面的霉菌
3  PERSON/SITUATION ETC 人/形势等the surface SEEMthe qualities, emotions etc of someone or something that are easy to notice, but which are not the only or not the real qualities, emotions etc 外表
on the surface
 On the surface, it seems a simple story.
从表面看，这似乎是一个简单的故事。
 Half an hour later, Enid had calmed down, at least on the surface.
半小时后伊妮德平静下来了，至少表面上是这样。
beneath the surface
 I sensed a lot of tension and jealousy beneath the surface.
我感觉到表面上平静无事，但暗藏着重重的紧张和猜忌。
 Prejudice is never far beneath the surface (=often appears) in the region.
在这个地区，偏见时常都存在。
rise/be brought/come to the surface
 Violence has risen to the surface in the inner city.
暴力活动已在旧城区浮现。
Examples from the Corpus
rise/be brought/come to the surface• Three men, including one called Andrew Cunningham, were brought to the surface to erect the fence.• Most of this was brought to the surface last century, when mining of other metals was also important.
4  for working on 供工作用SURFACE a flat area on the top of a cupboard, table, desk etc, that you use for cooking or working on 桌面，台面；〔某物的〕面
work/kitchen surface
 Keep kitchen surfaces clean and tidy.
保持厨房台面干净整洁。
 Work on a clean, flat surface.
在干净平整的桌面上操作。
5  side of an object 物体的面SURFACE one of the sides of an object 〔物体的一个〕面
 How many surfaces does a cube have?
一个立方体有几个面？
→ scratch the surface at scratch1(8)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the outside or top layer of something
adjectives
the upper/top surface
The upper surface of the leaf is dull green.
the outer/inner surface
The outer surface of the shell is ridged.
smooth
Marble provides a cool smooth surface.
rough
I reached out and touched the rough surface of the stone wall.
textured (=not smooth, because of its design)
Many floor tiles have textured surfaces to make them less slippery underfoot.
hard
The path has a hard surface suitable for wheelchairs and pushchairs.
shiny
This type of cloth has a shiny surface on one side.
polished
I didn't want to spill anything on the polished surface of the table.
slippery
The sign read: ‘Beware: slippery surface.’
flat
Put the compass on a flat surface.
Examples from the Corpus
surface• When using glue, make sure both surfaces are completely clean.• Fitted carefully, they make a very nice and durable surface.• Half-empty glasses covered every flat surface in the room.• the moon's surface• The moon's surface is covered with rocks and dust.• A cube has six surfaces.• Benches with reversible tops give the option of either a smooth surface or recessed gravel trays for summer and are particularly useful.• The clay is about a metre below the surface of the soil.• Exfoliators remove dead cells from the surface of your skin.• Microwaves create very short, high energy radio-waves which agitate and heat water molecules on or near the surface of foods.• Since different molecules absorb different colours, this microscope can be used to make a microscopic chemical analysis of the surface.• Leaves floated on the surface of the pool.• The first astronomer to study the surface of Mars was Galileo Galilei, who noted the phases of the planet in 1610.• She watched as the bubbles rose to the surface and popped.• But afraid of the stinging jellyfish that shimmered, ghostlike, underneath the surface, I never even tried.• The look can be quaint or dated, but most people who buy an old house long to update the surfaces.• The plant has light green leaves with silver marks on their upper surfaces.• In a kitchen all work surfaces should be kept spotlessly clean.• Pour out the flour on a clean work surface.
beneath/under/below the surface• But beneath the surface, reformist sentiments are bubbling ever more vigorously.• These shrimp live 3,600 meters below the surface, far beyond the reach of sunlight.• The mud beneath the surface dragged at his boots, which seemed to be weighted with lead.• Whitewater, which for a season has dropped out of the headlines, continues to percolate beneath the surface.• It was shimmering under the surface as it had been all afternoon.• He fought sleep but still dozed off, waking with a sputter when he slipped under the surface.• They swim beneath the surface with sharp black fins, waiting to attack.
work/kitchen surface• To make phyllo triangles, place one phyllo sheet on a dry work surface vertically.• Again, facilities for rapid cooking will probably be important, plus easy-to-clean floors, work surfaces and cupboards.• Noury lightly flours her work surface and rolling pin.• Fitted with a matching range of timber trimmed wall and base units with laminated work surfaces over.• He ate it standing up by the sink, and deliberately left the little pot on the marble work surface.• But her room offered neither work surface nor adequate light.• Place poussin halves on work surface, bone side down.• Lightly flour your work surface and rolling pin.
Related topics: Construction
surface2 verb  
1  HIDE/NOT SHOW#[intransitiveI] if information, feelings, or problems surface, they become known about or easy to notice 〔信息、情感或问题〕显露，暴露；公开
surface in
 Rumors about the killings have begun to surface in the press.
有关这些杀人事件的传闻开始见诸报端。
 the jealousy that had surfaced in her
她表现出来的嫉妒
2  WAKE UP/GET UP[intransitiveI] if someone or something surfaces, they suddenly appear somewhere, especially after being gone or hidden for a long time 〔尤在消失或隐藏一段长时间后〕露面；重新出现；显露 SYN pop up
3  APPEAR[intransitiveI] to rise to the surface of water 浮出水面
4  [intransitiveI] British EnglishBrE informal to get out of bed, especially late 起床；〔尤指〕晚起
5. [transitiveT]TBCTTR to put a surface on a road 给…铺路面
Examples from the Corpus
surface• More problems surfaced after the king fell ill.• In fact many of them were pre-1917 private traders who surfaced again after 1921.• He surfaced from his thoughts and turned back to the room.• When Greene surfaced from the war in the mid-1940s the literary friendship resumed.• But to its surprise, the task force surfaced growing complaints.• Rumors about the killings have begun to surface in the press.• The other 30 pictures surfaced just last month.• Suddenly one whale surfaced right beside our boat.• Now it was Alain's face that surfaced when she let down her guard.• "Have you seen Cathy?'' "No, she hasn't surfaced yet.''
surface3 adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  relating to the part of the army, navy etc that travels by land or on the sea, rather than by air or under the sea 〔军队〕地面的，陆上的；海上的
2  SEEMappearing to be true or real, but not representing what someone really feels or what something is really like 表面 （上）的，外表的 SYN superficial
Examples from the Corpus
surface• Beneath the surface calm, she felt insecure like everyone else.• the U.S. Navy Reserve Surface Fleet• a surface resemblance
surface forces• The difference in surface forces makes the water run uphill.• Small animals are dominated by surface forces other than gravity in ways unknown and unknowable to us.
Origin surface1
(1600-1700) French sur- ( → SURCHARGE) + face “face”
sur·face1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1surface2 verbsurface3 adjectiveadj
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