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BNC: 38 COCA: 34

what

Word family 
what /wɒt $ wɑːt, wʌt/ ●●● S1 W1 pronoun , determiner , predeterminer   → watt
1  used to ask for information or for someone’s opinion 什么〔用于询问信息或征求意见〕
 What are you doing?
你在做什么？
 What subjects did you enjoy most?
你最喜欢什么学科？
 What colour is the new carpet?
新地毯是什么颜色的？
 What’s your new boss like?
你的新老板怎么样？
 What do you think of my painting?
你觉得我的画怎样？
 What do you mean, you want to spend Christmas alone?
你是什么意思，你想一个人过圣诞节？
what on earth/in the world/in heaven’s name etc (=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc) 到底，究竟
 What on earth’s going on?
到底发生了什么事？
 USAGE: What, which
When there are only a small number of possible things or people, you use which, not what: 可选的人或物只有少数时用which，不用what
Which leg did he break?
他哪条腿骨折？
nWhich brother do you mean?
✗Don’t say:
What leg did he break? | What brother do you mean?
2  used to introduce a clause about something that is or was not known or not certain 什么；什么事〔用于引导疑问从句〕
 No one knows exactly what happened.
没人确切地知道发生了什么事。
 It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.
不清楚有多少人认同这些观点。
what to do/say/expect etc
 They’re discussing what to do next.
他们正在讨论下一步怎么办。
3  the thing which …的东西[事情]
 Show me what you bought.
给我看看你买的东西。
 I believe what he told me.
我相信他对我说的话。
 I could get you a job here if that’s what you want.
我可以给你在这里找份工作，如果这就是你想要的。
 What he did was morally wrong.
他的行为很缺德。
 She gave him what money she had (=all the money she had, although she did not have much).
她把她仅有的钱全都给了他。
n Grammar
What is not a relative pronoun and should not be used to begin a clause after a noun or pronoun. Use that instead. You say: what不是关系代词，不可用在名词或代词后引导从句
There are so many things that can go wrong.
有许多事情都可能会出错。
✗Don’t say: There are so many things what can go wrong.
4  EMPHASIZEused at the beginning of a statement to emphasize what you are going to say …的是…〔用在陈述句的开始，强调准备说的内容〕
 SPOKEN PHRASES → what does it matter? at matter2(3), → what does somebody care at care2(6), → have what it takes at take1(4), → I/I’ll tell you what at tell(13), → guess what at guess1(6)
Examples from the Corpus
what• What a mean thing to say!• What are you doing?• What did you say?• I'm not sure what I can do to help you.• What I need is a nice hot bath.• What kind of dog is that?• She gave him what money she had.• What nice weather we're having!• They're discussing what to do next.• Let me see what you've got in the box.
what to do/say/expect etc• He pinched some out and cleaned it on a crumpled paper bag, not knowing what to say.• Oh? says Blue, having no idea what to expect.• When his oration ended, the rector felt sufficiently relieved to try and figure out what to do.• It is not a simple matter of informing people what to do as you seem to think.• If you would like further advice on what to do, contact your Citizens Advice Bureau.• If you take it, I shall hear, and you know what to expect, don't you?• Building codes have been adjusted, and the public has been educated about what to do when an earthquake strikes.• The question that is left is what to do with the balance of Susan's equity in the partnership.
what?
a) REPEATused to ask someone to repeat something they have just said because you did not hear it properly 什么？〔因没有听清楚而要求对方重复所说的话〕
 ‘Could you turn the music down a bit?’ ‘What?’
“你能不能把音乐调低一点？”“什么？”
b) CONTINUE/START AGAINused when you have heard someone calling to you and you are asking them what they want 什么事？〔因对方召唤而作出应答〕
 ‘Elaine!’ ‘What?’ ‘Come on!’
“伊莱恩！”“什么事？”“快一点！”
c) SURPRISEDused to show that you are surprised or shocked by something that someone has just said 什么？〔对他人所说的话表示惊讶或震惊〕
 ‘I think I’ve lost my passport.’ ‘What?’
“我想我护照丢了。”“什么？”
Examples from the Corpus
what?• "I went to the store and bought some new shoes." "You went to the store and what?"
Origin what
Old English hwæt
what pronoun →n GRAMMAR1 →USAGE1
→SPOKEN PHRASES1what?
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

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