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TOEFL BNC: 1867 COCA: 1520

lean

Word family 
ldoce_197_blean1 /liːn/ ●●○ S3 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp leaned or leant /lent/ especially British EnglishBrE)   → lien
1  [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]BEND to move or bend your body in a particular direction 屈身；倾斜身体
lean forward/back/over etc
 They were leaning forward, facing each other.
他们面对面身体前倾。
 Lean back and enjoy the ride.
身体往后靠，尽情享受乘车旅行的乐趣吧。
 She leant towards him and listened.
她探过身子去听他说。
→5  See picture of LEAN 倚靠 →4  See picture of 见图 lean
2  [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]SUPPORT/HOLD UP to support yourself in a sloping position against a wall or other surface 倚，靠
lean against/on
 He was leaning on the bridge, watching the boats go by.
他靠在桥上，看着船来船往。
3  [intransitiveI, transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to put something in a sloping position where it is supported, or to be in that position 使斜靠；斜靠在…
lean (something) against/on something
 A huge mirror was leaning against the wall.
一面巨大的镜子斜靠在墙上。
 He leant his bicycle against the fence.
他把自行车斜靠在篱笆上。
4  [intransitiveI]BEND to slope or bend from an upright position 倾斜；弯曲
 trees leaning in the wind
在风中东倒西歪的树木
5 lean on somebody phrasal verbphr v 
a) DEPEND/IT DEPENDSto depend on someone for support and encouragement, especially at a difficult time 〔尤指在困难时刻〕依靠，倚赖
 The couple lean on each other for support.
夫妻俩互相扶持。
b) informalPERSUADE to try to influence someone, especially by threatening them 〔尤指通过恐吓对某人〕施加压力
 He won’t pay unless you lean on him.
你不吓吓他，他是不会付钱的。
6 lean towards something phrasal verbphr v SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLANto tend to support, or begin to support, a particular set of opinions, beliefs etc 倾向于，向…倾斜
 Canada, the UK and Japan leant towards the US view.
加拿大、英国和日本都倾向于支持美国的看法。
Examples from the Corpus
lean towards • The tendency in the Council is therefore always to lean towards a choice of legal base requiring unanimous voting.• Mr Bush was also said to be leaning towards choosing deputies for both the Defence department and the State department.• Mr Bush was also said to be leaning towards choosing deputies for both the Defence Department and the State Department.• It is leaning towards Gore, but still vulnerable to a Bush offensive.• I lean towards her to see if I have heard right.• She did not move; her intent gaze made her look as if she were leaning towards him softly.• Her ears are so stretched by ornaments that they flap as she leans towards me.• As she sits down, Honey leans towards Spike and whispers.
Examples from the Corpus
lean• I leant across to her and asked whether I should pay the Rao directly and if so how much.• Petey, leaning against a post, looked pissed off.• First the old man dead on the beach, leaning against the railing.• Joe was leaning against the school wall, smoking a cigarette.• He opened the gate, walked up the drive, and stopped, staring at the bicycle leaning against the wall.• I leaned back on the pillows and closed my eyes.• He was leaning down, his spear arm back, the gleaming bronze blade wavering as it came towards her.• He leant forward on the table, emphasising the points with a thin finger.• All of the trees were leaning in the wind.• Joe leaned on the gate and watched as they drove away.• She leaned on the railings and looked out at the sea.• David was driving and Shaun was leaning over.• And she leans so far forward to his match that even clear across the room I could see down her blouse.• She leaned the ladder against the house and climbed up to the window.• Soldiers leaned their M-16 rifles up against their tables as they ate.• It's sometimes considered bad manners to lean your elbows on the table when you're eating.
lean forward/back/over etc• There, wearing his mailbag and leaning over her desk, was Harold Newland, the postman.• I lean back into my own corner of the porch swing and hold on to myself.• But this man could very well lean forward just as Mrs Fanning had done downstairs.• Mrs Crump cried to herself, leaning forward now on a Pisan scale.• He leant forward on the table, emphasising the points with a thin finger.• So he peered, leaning forward to catch a whiff of scent, listening to the man's quiet muttering.• Graham felt himself leaning forward, wanting to catch her reply.
lean against/on• They were leaning against a parked car, waiting for a table together.• He was leaning against a tree with his eyes closed.• The powerful aggregates industry is already leaning on him hard to prevent him from doing so.• They were seated on the far side, some in chairs, some leaning on the desk.• First the old man dead on the beach, leaning against the railing.• Dieter Bartsch's Norsemen were not leaning on their oars.
Related topics: Food
lean2 adjectiveadj  
1  THIN PERSONthin in a healthy and attractive way 苗条的，瘦而健美的
 He was lean, tall, and muscular.
他身材瘦高，肌肉结实。
► see thesaurus at thin
2. DFlean meat does not have much fat on it 〔肉〕瘦的，脂肪少的 OPP fatty
3. EFFICIENTa lean organization, company etc uses only as much money and as many people as it needs, so that nothing is wasted 〔组织、公司等〕节俭的，精简的
4  PROBLEMa lean period is a very difficult time because there is not enough money, business etc 收益差的；不景气的
 His wife was a source of constant support during the lean years.
在不景气的那些年里，妻子一直在支持他。
—leanness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
lean• He was tragic looking, lean.• a lean and athletic man• At seventy-two my grandfather was lean and strong and I expected him to live forever.• He's a very handsome man: tall, lean and tanned with thick blond hair.• In this age of lean corporations, more workers are expected to work overtime.• For what seemed an age, she studied his features, strong lean features which she had come to know so well.• A company with severe cash flow problems may have no choice but to run a lean inventory operation.• Operating efficiency ratios show that Technosystems runs a lean operation, with all ratios above the industry averages.• She had a runner's lean physique and an overall healthy glow.• It is lean production at its meanest.• a lean year for business
lean years• Nothing came along immediately and ahead were a couple of lean years.• The Richmond Meet is clearly thriving - but how did it manage to survive the lean years?• Although two lean years by his standard followed, Davis, 34, still reached two world semi-finals.• She was, after all the lean years, fairly bursting with plans.• There the religious instruction started by his father, who for all the lean years had been his schoolteacher, continued.• She had gone through seven lean years; this was evidently one of her full ones.• The gamble seemed worthwhile as the lean years were few.• Those were lean years, without money for trips to the cinema.
From Longman Business Dictionary
leanlean /liːn/ adjectiveadj
1COMMERCEusing the most effective methods and the fewest employees possible
In the struggle to turn the company into a lean commercial outfit, some lines have been discontinued altogether.
2MANUFACTURING lean manufacturing uses methods and techniques to produce goods as cheaply as possible, for example by using as few workers as possible and using JUST-IN-TIME methods, where parts are delivered only when they are needed
American companies are learning the tricks of lean manufacture.
3COMMERCEa lean period is a very difficult time because there is not enough money, business etc
a lean year for business
Many Welsh tourist attractions are having a very lean time.
—leanness noun [uncountableU]
To achieve the necessary leanness, many more jobs will have to be lost in the defence industry across Europe.
Origin lean1
Old English hleonian
 lean2
Old English hlæne
lean1 verblean2 adjectiveadj
Chinese
Corpus

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