established

Word family

es·tab·lished /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ AWL adjectiveadj [only before noun]

1 USE somethingalready in use or existing for a long period of time 早已确立的；早已投入使用的

Competition from established businesses can be formidable.

来自老牌企业的竞争可能会异常激烈。

well-established teaching methods

被广泛采用的教学方法

By 1969 the civil rights movement was already an established fact.

时至1969年，民权运动早已成为既定事实。

Every once in a while, the established order (=people who rule) is overthrown.

统治阶层有时会被推翻。

2 KNOW somethingknown to do a particular job well, because you have done it for a long time 资深的

an established professor of French literature

资深的法国文学教授

3. established church/religion especially British EnglishBrE the official church or religion in a particular country 成为国教的教会/宗教

Examples from the Corpus

established church/religion• Carroll did not choose to keep a low profile but spoke up on many issues, often against the officially established religion.• His rebellion began quietly enough in a dispute over whether or not to pay taxes for established religion.• That same light revealed the corruption of the established Church.• During the plague, the rich people and most of the ministers who had remained in the established church fled from London.• Therefore, it is certainly more comfortable to remain in the security of stable established church life.• The representatives from seventeen national parties at the Paris conference were quite plainly non-attenders in the established church of politics.• The only result of clerical opposition was that the established Church once again forfeited its chance to control developments.• Naturally most of the more established churches were embarrassed and angered by the unseemly goings on.

n COLLOCATIONS

adverbs

well-established (=existing for a long time and respected or trusted by people)

McCarthy is a well-established and successful author.

newly established (=established very recently)

He is a partner in the newly established company.

nouns

an established fact (=a piece of information that has been tested and shown to be true)

It is an established fact that 1 in 10 undergraduates leave university in their first year.

an established institution (=an official organization that has existed for a long time)

The incoming prime minister was critical of many established government institutions.

established practice (=a particular way of doing something, that is accepted as the best way)

Not allowing patients to eat before surgery is established practice.

the established order (=the people and organizations that have power)

The revolutionaries posed a serious threat to the established order.

Examples from the Corpus

established• His cousin John Falconar was already an established Cheapside merchant.• The representatives from seventeen national parties at the Paris conference were quite plainly non-attenders in the established church of politics.• Now we are a fully established class with 26 members on our books with Bridget Ewing at the helm.• The local government reforms following 1888 established new authorities with a franchise almost identical with the municipal boroughs.• Pasture, especially natural or long established pasture, acts like a biological sponge, holding large amounts of nitrate.• Although young bands can find the established people in Music Week, they are probably a waste of time.• By formalising their relationship, the companies hope to provide an established platform which implements the core technology behind the Intelligent Network.• They do not fit in readily with any contemporary ideology or with the manifesto of any established political party.• an established scientist

established fact• It was studiously careful not to speculate beyond the established facts.• Over the centuries, it then came to be regarded as established fact.• But this is not established fact at all.• It is a known and established fact that political parties do not pick up in the polls once an election is under way.

es·tab·lished adjectiveadj →n COLLOCATIONS1

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