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IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360

failure

Word family 
Related topics: Finance
fail·ure /ˈfeɪljə $ -ər/ ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1  lack of success 不成功 [countableC, uncountableU]FAIL a lack of success in achieving or doing something 失败 OPP success
 Successful people often aren’t very good at dealing with failure.
一帆风顺的人往往不太擅长应对失败。
failure to do something
 the conference’s failure to reach an agreement
会议未能达成一致
2  unsuccessful person/thing 失败的人/事 [countableC]FAIL someone or something that is not successful 失败的人[事] OPP success
 I always felt a bit of a failure at school.
我上学时总觉得自己有点失败。
3  failure to do something NOT DO somethingan act of not doing something which should be done or which people expect you to do 未能做〔应做到的〕某事
 Failure to produce proof of identity could result in prosecution.
无法出示身份证明可能会被起诉。
Examples from the Corpus
failure to do something• Ewing lamented his failure to learn Gaelic, and he never managed to train enough priests who did.• Sources of errors in searching mainly involve failure to find related papers due to inconsistencies in the use of personal names.• It helps to explain the conservatism of our class struggle, and its failure to mature into socialist struggle.• Diagnostic difficulties in those cases were related to confusing radiological and endoscopic appearances or failure to obtain histological confirmation of lymphoma.• In that situation failure to accumulate in the face of rapidly rising real wage costs spells disaster.• Outdated computer systems and the failure to help judges to implement the reforms were adding to the chaos.• The failure to find a referent results in a numerical penalty being awarded to the reading for which it occurs.• Mind you, failure to display a phone number doesn't make them instantly dodgy.
4  business 企业 [countableC, uncountableU]BBBF a situation in which a business has to close because of a lack of money 倒闭，关闭
 Business failures in Scotland rose 10% last year.
去年苏格兰的企业破产率上升了10%。
5  machine/body part 机器部件/身体部位 [countableC, uncountableU]THB an occasion when a machine or part of your body stops working properly 故障，失灵；衰竭
 The cause of the crash was engine failure.
坠机原因是引擎故障。
heart/kidney/liver etc failure
 He died from kidney failure.
他死于肾衰竭。
failure in
 a failure in the computer system
计算机系统故障
6  crops 庄稼 [countableC, uncountableU] an occasion when crops do not grow or produce food, for example because of bad weather 歉收
 a series of crop failures
接二连三的庄稼歉收
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
end in/result in failure 以失败告终
A series of rescue attempts ended in failure.
一系列救援行动都以失败告终。
be doomed to failure (=be certain to fail) 注定失败
The rebellion was doomed to failure from the start.
这次叛乱从一开始就注定要失败。
admit failure 承认失败
He was too proud to admit failure.
他很骄傲，不肯认输。
accept failure 接受失败
nBeing able to accept failure is part of life.
avoid failure 避免失败
nShe was anxious to avoid failure.
adjectives
complete/total/utter failure 完全的/十足的/彻底的失败
The project ended in total failure.
这个项目以彻底失败告终。
abject/dismal failure (=used to emphasize how bad a failure is) 惨败
The experiment was considered a dismal failure.
此次实验被认为是一次惨败。
a personal failure (=a failure that is someone's personal fault) 个人失败
nHe considered his inability to form long-term relationships to be a personal failure.
economic failure 经济失败
nEconomic failure drove the government out of office.
phrases
fear of failure 对失败的畏惧
Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.
不要因为畏惧失败而不敢尝试。
the risk/possibility of failure 失败的风险/可能性
The risk of failure for a new product is very high.
新产品失败的风险很大。
nThe possibility of failure was sufficiently high for the auditors to warn investors.
an admission of failure 认输
Dropping out of college would be an admission of failure.
从大学退学就是承认失败。
a history of failure (=a situation in which someone has failed many times in the past) 失败的历史
Some children have a history of failure at school.
有些孩子在学校里经历过失败。
a string of failures (=a series of failures) 一连串失败
nThe team has had a string of failures in recent games.
a sense of failure 挫折感
nPeople may feel a sense of failure if they admit they have ended up in a job they hate.
nthe consequences of failure
The political consequences of failure would be defeat at the next election.
failure + NOUN
a failure rate 失败率
There is a high failure rate in the restaurant industry.
餐饮业倒闭率很高。
n THESAURUS
failure noun [countableC] someone or something that is not successful
The book was a complete failure.
I felt a complete failure.
flop noun [countableC] informal something that is not successful because people do not like it – used especially about a film, play, product, or performance
Despite the hype, the movie was a flop at the box office.
Their next computer was a flop.
disaster noun [countableC] used when saying that something is extremely unsuccessful
Our first date was a disaster.
Their marriage was a total disaster.
fiasco noun [countableC usually singular] something that is completely unsuccessful and goes very badly wrong – used especially about things that have been officially planned, which go very wrong
The baggage system broke down on the first day the airport was open. It was a complete fiasco.
The fiasco came close to ending de Gaulle's political career.
debacle noun [countableC usually singular] formal an event or situation that is a complete failure, because it does not happen in the way that it was officially planned
the banking debacle that has put our economy at risk
shambles noun [singular] especially British EnglishBrE if a situation or event is a shambles, it is completely unsuccessful because it has been very badly planned or organized, and no one seems to know what to do
The first few shows were a shambles, but things soon got better.
washout noun [singular] informal a failure – used when something is so bad that it would be better if it had not happened
The play wasn’t a complete washout; the acting was okay.
His most recent and ambitious project, a big-budget Hollywood film, was a washout with both critics and audiences alike.
turkey noun [countableC] informal something that is so bad and unsuccessful that you think the people involved should be embarrassed about it – a very informal use
At the time most people thought the car was a complete turkey.
Since then he has appeared in a string of turkeys.
Examples from the Corpus
failure• I feel like such a failure.• Perhaps it is a movie about the promises and failures of public works in and since the New Deal.• It has become the most expensive bank failure in U.S. history.• If the plaintiff was thrown forwards and injured, then clearly failure to wear a seat belt is contributory negligence.• The fragility of life is now characterised by an electricity failure or a virus in computers.• Innovation demands risk, and risk brings with it the possibility of frequent failure.• Heart failure means that the heart muscle is not pumping well enough to meet the need for oxygen-rich blood.• Now, swept by red wave upon wave, she had to expiate her failure.• Their first attempt to climb Mount Everest ended in failure.• She never tries anything because she's terrified of failure.• His ability has been called into question after a number of recent failures.• This occurs because the gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium is not depressed in chronic renal failure.• The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.• The failure of the peace talks has led to increased tension on the streets.• There are various possible reasons for these failures, including errors of recognition and errors of spelling.
failure to do something• Failure to show proof of car insurance to an officer will result in a fine.• Ewing lamented his failure to learn Gaelic, and he never managed to train enough priests who did.• Sources of errors in searching mainly involve failure to find related papers due to inconsistencies in the use of personal names.• It helps to explain the conservatism of our class struggle, and its failure to mature into socialist struggle.• Diagnostic difficulties in those cases were related to confusing radiological and endoscopic appearances or failure to obtain histological confirmation of lymphoma.• In that situation failure to accumulate in the face of rapidly rising real wage costs spells disaster.• Outdated computer systems and the failure to help judges to implement the reforms were adding to the chaos.• The failure to find a referent results in a numerical penalty being awarded to the reading for which it occurs.• Mind you, failure to display a phone number doesn't make them instantly dodgy.
heart/kidney/liver etc failure• But fainting, and heart failure, is possible.• All the evidence indicates total kidney and heart failure.• Starting soon, some one from the Massachusetts center will check up several times a week on senior citizens with congestive heart failure.• Muscle cramps, kidney and even heart failure are the physical results of prolonged bulimia.• This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.• In a patient presenting late or after a particularly large overdose recognition of the onset of liver failure is crucial.• Long-term use led to heart damage, stroke, kidney failure, and psychosis in some cases.• Doctors have been sent a letter by Sandoz pointing out that 4 people have suffered liver failure after taking Lamisil.
crop failures• Both the 1987 and 1989 crop failures followed good years.• The short-term cause of overriding local significance were the droughts and crop failures in 1920 and 1921.• But buy some reserve seeds in case of crop failures or for successive sowings of fast-maturing varieties such as lettuce and radishes.• A series of crop failures have driven many farmers out of business.• Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
From Longman Business Dictionary
failurefail·ure /ˈfeɪljə-ər/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU]COMMERCE a situation in which a business that is not successful has to close because it is losing money
The Official Receiver recommended a detailed investigation intothe reasons for the company’s failure.
Business failures rose by 31% to 62,767, according to Dun & Bradstreet.
2[uncountableU] lack of success in achieving or doing something
failure to do something
the failure of some large firms to adhere to a strict policy on wages
→ audit failure → market failure
3[countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which equipment or a machine stops working
potential financial loss as a result of computer failure
fail·ure noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1
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