life /laɪf/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural lives /laɪvz/) 1 time SB is alive 某人的一生 [countableC, uncountableU]LIFE the period of time when someone is alive 一生,寿命 Learning goes on throughout life. 学习是一生的事。
You have your whole life ahead of you. 你前面还有漫长的人生呢。
in somebody’s life For the first time in my life I was happy. 我人生中第一次感到幸福。
I’ve never been so embarrassed in my life! 我这辈子还从来没有这么尴尬过呢!
I’ve known John all my life (=since I was born). 我从小就认识约翰了。
His main aim in life was to have fun. 他人生的主要目标就是享乐。
It was one of the best days of my life. 那是我一生中最快乐的时光之一。
The accident scarred him for life (=for the rest of his life). 这场事故给他留下了终生的创伤。
She knew she’d feel guilty for the rest of her life. 她知道自己将内疚终生。
Raj spent his life caring for others. 拉杰一辈子都在关爱他人。
Bonington spent his entire adult life in France. 博宁顿成年后就一直在法国生活。
We don’t know much about the poet’s early life (=when he was young). 我们对这位诗人的早年生活所知甚少。
Poor diet can lead to a whole range of diseases in later life (=when you are older). 饮食不良会在晚年引发各种疾病。
She married late in life (=when she was fairly old). 她结婚晚。
He’s a life member (=continuing until he dies) of the club. 他是俱乐部的终身会员。
2 state of being alive 活着 [countableC, uncountableU]LIVING/ALIVE the state of being alive 生,生存;生命 The right to life is the most basic of human rights. 生存权是最基本的人权。
Danny was a cheerful little boy who loved life. 丹尼是一个热爱生命的快乐小男孩。
Two firefighters risked their lives to save the children. 两名消防员冒着生命危险营救这些孩子。
3 way SB lives 某人的生活方式 [countableC usually singular]LIFE the way you live your life, and what you do and experience during it 生活lead/live/have a ... life The operation should enable Bobby to lead a normal life. 这次手术应该能让博比过上正常的生活。
She just wanted to live a quiet life. 她只是想过平静的生活。
Having a baby changes your life completely. 有了孩子会彻底改变你的生活。
The family moved to Australia to start a new life. 这家人移居澳大利亚,开始新的生活。
Ken’s whole life revolved around surfing (=that was the main interest and purpose of his life). 肯的全部生活都以冲浪为中心。
You shouldn’t let your boyfriend rule your life (=control and affect everything you do). 你不应该让你的男朋友主宰你的生活。
My grandmother had a hard life (=a life full of problems). 我的祖母一生坎坷。
She’s led a very sheltered life (=a life in which you have been protected from unpleasant things). 她过着备受呵护的生活。
a life of crime/poverty/misery etc He had been drawn into a life of crime. 他被引上了犯罪的道路。
4 particular situation/job 独特的情形/工作 [countableC, uncountableU]LIFE a) the experiences, activities, and ways of living that are typical of being in a particular job, situation, society etc 〔特定的〕生活(方式) Why do so few women enter political life? 为什么涉足政坛的女性这么少?
the British way of life 英国人的生活方式
city/country/village etc life Noise has become one of the main pollutants of modern city life. 噪音已成为现代城市生活的主要污染之一。
army/student/college etc life He missed the routine of army life. 他怀念按部就班的军队生活。
Are you enjoying married life? 你婚后生活开心吗?
b) the time in your life when you are doing a particular job, are in a particular situation etc 〔从事某一工作、处于某一状况时的〕生活经历somebody’s life as something Now a celebrity chef, he rarely talks about his life as an army cook. 他现在是一位名厨,很少谈起他在部队里当炊事员的经历。
Sara admits to having affairs throughout her married life. 萨拉承认她婚后一直有外遇。
Most of his working life was spent in the shipyards. 他的工作生涯中大部分时间是在船厂度过的。
5 social/personal/sex etc life LIFEthe activities in your life relating to your friends, your family, sex etc 社交/个人/性生活等 I don’t need advice about my love life. 我的爱情生活不需要有人来指手画脚。
traditional views of family life 传统的家庭生活观念
Children need a caring and happy home life. 儿童需要充满关爱、幸福的家庭生活。
6 human existence 人的生活 [uncountableU]LIVING/ALIVE human existence, considered as a variety of experiences and activities 生活;人生 My Aunt Julia had very little experience of life. 我姨妈朱莉娅的生活经验很少。
Life has a way of changing the best of plans. 人生就是这样,偏要改变你好好的计划。
For some people, religion gives life a meaning. 对有些人来说,宗教信仰使人生有了意义。
daily/everyday life the frustrations and disappointments of everyday life 日常生活中的挫折和失意
I try to see the funny side of life. 我尽量去发掘生活中有趣的一面。
7 time when STH exists/works 某事物的存在期/使用寿命 [countableC usually singular] a) PERIOD OF TIMEthe period of time during which something happens or exists 〔某事物的〕存在期life of The issues will not be resolved during the life of the present parliament. 这些问题在本届议会任期内是得不到解决的。
start/begin/come to life as something The building began life as a monastery. 这幢建筑物最初是一座修道院。
b) LAST FOR A PERIOD OF TIMEthe period of time during which something is still good enough to use 使用寿命;有效期;保鲜期life of What’s the average life of a passenger aircraft? 客机的平均使用寿命是多久?
Careful use can extend the life of your washing machine. 小心使用可延长洗衣机的寿命。
→ shelf life 8 living things 生物 [uncountableU] a) LIVING/ALIVEthe quality of being alive that people, animals, plants etc have and that objects and dead things do not have 生命;性命 Ben felt her neck for a pulse or any other sign of life. 本摸了摸她的脖子,看是不是还有脉搏或者其他生命迹象。
In the springtime, everything comes to life again. 春天,万物复苏。
b) LIVING/ALIVEliving things, such as people, animals, or plants 生物;活物 Is there life on other planets? 其他行星上有生命吗?
human/animal/plant/bird etc life The island is rich in bird life. 岛上鸟类繁多。
→ wildlife 9 be somebody’s (whole) life IMPORTANTto be the most important thing or person to someone 是某人的(全部)生活;是某人的生命 Music is Laura’s whole life. 音乐是劳拉生命的全部。
10 life and death (also life or death)SERIOUS SITUATION used for emphasizing that a situation, decision etc is extremely urgent and important, especially because someone is at risk of dying 生死攸关(的),决定生死(的) Don’t call me unless it’s a matter of life and death. 如果不是什么生死大事就不要打电话给我。
a life or death decision 生死攸关的决定
A doctor’s job involves life and death situations. 医生的工作经常关乎生死。
life and death• Or, more accurately, a game of life and death.• In Catal Huyuk the images of life and death mingle in a way that may strike us as bizarre.• Issues of life and death also ride the roller coaster in the same trivialising way.• In some cases this might be literally a matter of life and death.• Not for reasons of life and death or right and wrong, however.• These two objects are symbolic of life and death.• Pure happenstance and luck had much to do with life and death on both sides.• The words life and death have no meaning for them. 11 game 游戏 [countableC] a chance in a game, especially a computer game, in which you can be defeated or do something wrong and can still continue playing 命〔尤指计算机游戏中继续玩下去的机会〕 He’s up to level five and still has three lives left. 他打到了第五关,仍有三条命。
12 BUSY PLACEactivity 活动 [uncountableU] activity or movement 生气,生机 The house was quiet and there was no sign of life. 屋子里静悄悄的,没有一丝动静。
She was always so cheerful and full of life. 她总是那么乐观、充满生气。
13 interest/excitement 兴趣/兴奋 [uncountableU] a quality of being interesting or exciting 活力;精彩 Try to put some life into your writing. 文章要尽量写得有生气。
The game really came to life after a magnificent goal from Rooney. 鲁尼攻入漂亮一球后,比赛变得非常精彩。
A gifted teacher can really bring literature to life for his or her students. 有才华的老师可以把文学教得生动有趣。
14 come to life/roar into life/splutter into life etc START TO HAPPEN, EXIST ETCto suddenly start working 突然开始运作 Finally the car spluttered into life. 汽车终于突突地发动了起来。
15 make life difficult/easier etc EASYPROBLEMto make it difficult, easier etc to do something 使生活变得困难/较容易等 Surely computers are supposed to make life easier, not more complicated! 电脑按说应当是要方便生活,而不是让生活更复杂吧!
make life difficult/easier etc for Why make life difficult for yourself? 为什么要给自己的生活找麻烦呢?
16. the life and soul of the party British EnglishBrE, the life of the party American EnglishENJOY/LIKE DOING something someone who enjoys social occasions and is fun and exciting to be with 社交聚会中最活跃的人 17 life and limb formal your life and physical health – used especially when this is threatened in some way 生命,生死安危〔尤用于生命受到某种威胁时〕 She risks life and limb every day in her job as an undercover investigator. 她的工作是当密探,每天都要冒生命危险。
18 get a life! spoken used to tell someone that you think they are boring and should find more exciting things to do 来点有意思的吧! You guys should just stop moaning and get a life! 你们这些家伙就别抱怨了,来点有意思的吧!
19 that’s life (also such is life) spokenDISAPPOINTED used to say that something is disappointing but you have to accept it 生活就是这样,这就是生活〔用于表示某事令人失望,但必须接受〕 Oh well, that’s life! 好了,生活就是这样!
that’s life• But I guess that's life!• But there you are, Mr. K. that's life.• The students shrug; that's life, they seem to say.• Oh well, that's life! 20. life’s a bitch spoken not polite used to say that bad things happen in life 生活真是狗屁 21 this is the life spoken used when you are relaxing and doing something you enjoy 这样才是生活,生活就该这样〔用于放松并做自己喜欢的事时〕 Ah, this is the life! Lying on the beach, sipping cool drinks. 啊,这样才是生活!躺在沙滩上,喝着清凉的饮料。
this is the life• She felt marvellously well. 34 Ah, this is the life, this is the life.
22 the shock/surprise/game etc of somebody’s life ENJOY/LIKE DOING somethingthe biggest shock or surprise, the best game etc that someone has ever had 某人平生最大的震惊/最大的意外/最出色的比赛等 I had the surprise of my life when I saw John standing there. 我看到约翰站在那里,真是天大的意外。
→ have the time of your life at time1(41)the shock/surprise/game etc of somebody’s life• And so that would be the surprise of her life.• He had arrived before the others, and got the shock of his life when he saw Nails.• So when he followed up by pointing us towards the touchline, I got the shock of my life.• He said he was the security guard, but he had the shock of his life when he saw me.• She is having the game of her life.• But on Sunday Collins played the game of his life in destroying the fancied Vikings.• Goalie Garth Snow played the game of his life to save Philly. 23 how’s life? spoken used to ask someone if they are well, what they have been doing etc 你过得好吗?你生活得怎么样? Hi Bob! How’s life? 嗨,鲍勃,你好吗?
How’s life been with you? 你过得好吗?
24 life goes on spoken used to say that you must continue to live a normal life even when something sad or disappointing has happened 生活还得继续 We both miss him, but life goes on. 我们俩都想念他,可是生活还得继续呀。
life goes on• We all mourn their passing, but life goes on without them.• The personal construction of life goes on, however much undergirded by chemotherapeutic assistance.• To be sure, life goes on.• It ensures that life goes on.• He knows that life goes on.• For them, life goes on.• While you were there you had a ball, and then life goes on.• In other words, life goes on. 25 a life of its own a) if something has a life of its own, it seems to move or work by itself 自身的生命力,原动力 The ball seemed to have acquired a life of its own. 那个球就像活了一样。
b) if something has a life of its own, it exists and develops without depending on other things 自身的力量 Slowly but surely, the project is taking on a life of its own. 这个项目正依靠自身力量缓慢但稳步地向前发展。
26 cannot for the life of me spokenCAN'T used to say that you cannot remember or understand something even when you try hard 我拼了命也不能,我怎么也不能〔用于不能记起或理解某事时〕 I couldn’t for the life of me remember his name. 我怎么也想不起他的名字。
27 life’s too short spoken used to say that you should not waste time doing something or worrying about something 人生苦短,生命太短暂〔用于表示不能浪费时间去做某事或为某事担心〕 Forget about it. Life’s too short. 忘了这事吧,生命太短暂了。
life’s too short for Life’s too short for moping about. 人生短暂,没时间自怨自艾。
life’s too short to do something Life’s too short to bear grudges. 人生苦短,何必怀恨心头。
28 not on your life spokenNO used as a reply to a question or suggestion to say that you definitely will not do something 决不〔用于回答问题或建议〕 ‘Are you going to go and work for him then?’ ‘Not on your life!’ “那么你是要去替他工作喽?” “我才不干呢!”
29 the woman/man/girl etc in your life GIRLFRIEND/BOYFRIENDthe woman or man you are married to or are having a relationship with – used especially in advertisements 你生命中的女人/男人/女孩等〔尤用于广告〕 This is the ideal gift for the man in your life. 这是送给你生命中的男人最理想的礼物。
the woman/man/girl etc in your life• Michael: Who are the men in your life?• Nevertheless, he felt abandoned and betrayed by the women in his life.• To clarify things that may be confusing the men in their lives.• He was a tough little kid, Esteban, the women in his life say.• Was that why she found the men in her life all so boring?• My doctor is the man in my life.• Why was it that the men in her life seemed to have found some other woman to give them an heir?• Recent books have revealed the unacknowledged literary debts that writers such as Brecht and Joyce owed to the women in their lives. 30 prison 监狱 [uncountableU]SCPUNISH (also life imprisonment) the punishment of being put in prison for the rest of your life 终身监禁,无期徒刑be sentenced to/get/be given life He was sentenced to life for the murder. 他因谋杀罪被判终身监禁。
I think she should get life. 我觉得应该判她无期徒刑。
→ life sentence, lifer 31 art 艺术 [uncountableU]AVP when you paint, draw etc something you are looking at, especially a person or animal 写生 She’s taking classes in life drawing. 她在上写生课。
→ still life 32 frighten/scare the life out of somebody informal to make someone feel very frightened 把某人吓得魂不附体 Don’t do that! You scared the life out of me! 别那样做!你把我的魂都吓掉了!
frighten/scare the life out of somebody• When, however-many years later-the script finally did arrive, two things scared the life out of me. 33. there’s life in the old dog yet spoken used to say that although someone or something is old, they are still able to do something – used humorously 宝刀未老,老当益壮〔幽默用法〕 34 live/lead/have the life of Riley informal to have a very easy and comfortable life and not have to work hard 过着安逸的生活 He spends all day lounging by the pool and living the life of Riley. 他整天就是懒洋洋地躺在游泳池旁,日子过得舒适安逸。
35 book/film 书/电影 [uncountableU]STORY the story of someone’s life 生平,传记 SYN biography Boswell’s ‘Life of Johnson’ 鲍斯韦尔所著的《约翰逊传》
36 the next life (also the life to come, life after death)DIE the time after death, in which some people believe life continues in another form 下辈子,来生 She expects to meet her dead husband in the next life. 她期待着来生与亡夫相会。
the next life• For Tutankhamun was buried with everything he might need in the next life.• Perhaps only in the next life.• When friends parted, they exchanged loans of money to be returned in the next life. → as large as life at large1(7), → change of life, → for dear life at dear2(6), → double life, → high life at high1(22), → a new lease of life at lease1(2), → quality of life at quality1(5), → real life at real1(3), real-life, → true to life at true1(9), → walk of life COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the state of being alive 生,生存;生命verbssave somebody’s life 救某人的命The money you give will save the life of a child. 你给的这些钱能拯救一个孩子的生命。
risk your life 冒生命危险He risked his life to help Jews during the Second World War. 第二次世界大战中他冒着生命危险帮助犹太人。
lose your life (=die) 丧生Hundreds of people lost their lives on the first day of the fighting. 战斗第一天就有数百人丧生。take a/sb’s life (=kill someone) 夺去(某人的)生命,杀死某人 All cultures consider it wrong to take a life for no reason. 所有的文化均认为无故剥夺他人生命是错误的。
ntake a/somebody’s life (=kill someone)All cultures consider it wrong to take a life for no reason.
take your own life (=kill yourself) 自杀,了结自己的生命He was depressed and decided to take his own life. 他意志消沉,决定自杀。
claim the life of somebody (=kill someone – used of a thing) 〔某事物〕夺走某人的生命The disease claimed the lives of up to a quarter of the population. 该病已夺走了四分之一人口的生命。
cost lives/cost somebody their life (=result in deaths/in someone’s death) 致死/致某人死亡nThat decision may have cost him his life.
give your life/lay down your life (=die in order to save other people, or because of a strong belief) 捐躯,献出自己的生命nThese men gave their lives during the war to keep us free.
endanger the life of somebody 危及某人的生命nThey wanted to capture the gunman without endangering the lives of his hostages.
spare somebody’s life (=not kill someone, when you could kill them) 饶某人的命nShe begged him to spare the life of her son.
be fighting for your life (=be so ill or injured that you might die) 与死亡搏斗nOne badly burned man was fighting for his life in hospital.
cling to life (=try to stay alive, even though you are very ill or injured) 坚持活下去,努力求生nShe clung to life, despite the pain.
phrasesowe your life to somebody (=be still alive because of someone’s actions) 多亏某人相救The victim said he owed his life to the stranger who helped him. 受害人说他能活下来全亏那位陌生人相助。
take your life in your hands (=put yourself in a dangerous situation) 玩命,豁出性命nJust crossing this road is taking your life in your hands.
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘the cost of life’. Say the cost of living. 不要说 ‘the cost of life’. 而要说 the cost of living.