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ration

ra·tion1 /ˈræʃən $ ˈræ-, ˈreɪ-/ ●○○ noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]AMOUNT a fixed amount of something that people are allowed to have when there is not enough, for example during a war 〔某物在短缺时的〕配给量，定量配给
food/clothes/meat etc ration
 the weekly meat ration
肉类的每周配给量
 a coal ration of 4 kg a month
每月4公斤的煤配给量
on ration
 Even wool was on ration in the war.
战时甚至毛线都是定量配给的。
2  rations [plural]PMDLO a fixed amount of food given to a soldier or member of a group 口粮配给，定量口粮
 emergency food rations
紧急食物配给
 The prisoners were queuing for their meagre rations (=small rations).
犯人排队领取他们微薄的口粮。
 We were on short rations (=given a smaller amount than usual).
我们的口粮不足。
Examples from the Corpus
rations• U.S. planes dropped army rations to refugees along the border.
3  FAIR[singular] an amount of something that you think is reasonable or normal 合理[正常]的量
ration of
 holidaymakers who like a generous ration of open-air activity
喜欢有大量户外活动的度假者
Examples from the Corpus
ration• No one seemed to have told them about ration books.• No one had sleeping gear, or even a decent selection of C rations.• In the army we received a daily ration of meat.• The situation improved, but regular food rations were still barely sufficient to sustain a healthy life.• Both soil augers have snapped and I fought with Greg over the food rations.• Iron rations were issued for the train or bus journey.• The party gave the three some guns and offered them their equal share of the remaining rations.• At a stroke we were on firm discipline and short rations.• An animal with a good diet will be larger than its twin on starvation rations.
food/clothes/meat etc ration• The average meat ration was five ounces per week per person, including buffalo bones.• All the crews have been warned to carry emergency food rations.• Because of clothes rationing, fashion was abandoned but vanity not totally so.• The United Nations has reported tightening of food rations already in the country.• As food stocks have declined, so has the official food ration, the United Nations says.• The situation improved, but regular food rations were still barely sufficient to sustain a healthy life.• Both soil augers have snapped and I fought with Greg over the food rations.• When the food rations arrive, women have to walk and then to wait again.
ration2 verb [transitiveT]  
1  CONTROLto control the supply of something because there is not enough 〔因短缺而〕定量供应，配给
 Fuel was rationed during the war.
战争期间，燃油定量供应。
n Grammar
Ration is usually passive in this meaning.
2  LOT/LARGE NUMBER OR AMOUNTto allow someone only a small amount of something 限定…的量
 the need to ration health care resources
控制医疗保健资源分配的必要性
 diets which ration fat
控制脂肪摄入量的膳食
ration somebody/something to something
 He rationed himself to 4 cigarettes a day.
他限定自己每天只抽4支烟。
 I try to ration the children’s television viewing to an hour a day.
我试图把孩子们每天的看电视时间限制在一小时。
Examples from the Corpus
ration• Sugar, cooking oil and rice will also be rationed.• It is a mode of rationing.• In one of my close acquaintances at B.P., rationing and shortages seemed to effect an eccentric metamorphosis.• Cigarettes were rationed at thirty-five a week.• Petrol was so strictly rationed in wartime that bikes were always in demand.• At least we don't have to bother with milk rationing like they do in the towns.• But times had changed since 1898; wartime regulations had rationed liquor purchases to one bottle per month per customer.• Fuel rationing started and I canceled my trip.• By the time I'd recovered I was skinnier than ever, having been rationed to an orange a day.
From Longman Business Dictionary
rationra·tion1 /ˈræʃənˈræ-, ˈreɪ-/ noun [countableC]
a fixed amount of something such as food or petrol that you are allowed to have when there is not much available
Food is in short supply and the country has apparently tightened rations (=made less available to each person).
rationration2 verb [transitiveT]
1to control the supply of something such as food or petrol by allowing people to have only a fixed amount of it
Cuba has rationed food for four decades, largely because of the U.S. embargo.
2to allow someone to have only a small amount of something, or less than they would like, because there is not enough
The company rationed people to 200 new shares each.
→ ration something → out
Origin ration1
(1700-1800) French Latin ratio; → RATIO
ra·tion1 nounration2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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