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BNC: 1754 COCA: 1422

burn

Word family 
Related topics: Power, Computers
burn1 /bɜːn $ bɜːrn/ ●●● S2 W3 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp burnt /bɜːnt $ bɜːrnt/ or burned)  
1  PRODUCE HEATproduce flames and heat 产生火和热 [intransitiveI]
a) if a fire burns, it produces heat and flames 〔火〕燃烧
 There was a fire burning in the fireplace.
壁炉里烧着火。
 An average household candle will burn for about six hours.
一般的家用蜡烛可以点六小时左右。
b) if something is burning, it is producing flames and being damaged or destroyed by fire 〔某物〕燃烧
 Parts of the building are still burning.
大楼的有些地方仍在燃烧。
2  DESTROY WITH FIREdestroy STH with fire 烧毁某物 [transitiveT] to destroy or damage something with fire 焚烧，烧毁
 I burnt all his old letters.
我把他以前的信全烧了。
 Cars were burned and shops were looted during the rioting.
暴乱期间，汽车被焚，商店遭抢劫。
 The Grand Hotel had burnt to the ground.
格兰德大酒店被大火夷为平地。
 Make sure the iron isn’t too hot or you’ll burn the cloth.
注意熨斗温度不能过高，免得烫坏布料。
 He dropped his cigarette and burnt a hole in the carpet.
他的香烟掉下来，把地毯烫了一个洞。
3  injure/kill SB with fire 烧伤/烧死某人 [transitiveT] to hurt yourself or someone else with fire or something hot 烧伤；烫伤
 I burned my hand on the oven door.
我的手被烤箱门烫伤了。
 She was badly burned in a road accident.
她在一次交通事故中被严重烧伤。
 Sixteen passengers were burned to death (=died in a fire).
有16名乘客被烧死。
 A family of five were burned alive in their home last night (=died in a fire).
昨晚有一五口之家在家中被活活烧死。
 Heretics were burnt at the stake (=burnt in a fire as a punishment).
异教徒被绑在火刑柱上烧死。
4  sun 太阳 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] if the sun burns your skin, or if your skin burns, it becomes red and painful from the heat of the sun （使）晒伤 → sunburn
 I burn quite easily.
我很容易晒伤。
 Don’t forget you can still get burnt when you’re swimming or when it’s cloudy.
别忘了，就是在游泳或阴天的时候还是会晒伤的。
 Her face and neck were quite badly burned.
她的脸和颈部晒伤严重。
5  food 食物 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] to spoil food by cooking it for too long, or to become spoiled in this way 烧焦，烧糊
 I’m afraid I’ve burnt the pizza.
我怕是把比萨饼烤糊了。
burn something to a crisp/cinder
 The meat was burned to a crisp.
那肉给烤焦了。
6  chemicals 化学物 [transitiveT]DAMAGE to damage or destroy something by a chemical action 烧伤，灼伤
 Quite a lot of household chemicals can burn your skin.
许多家用化学品都会烧伤皮肤。
7  fuel 燃料 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]TPUSE something if you burn a fuel, or if it burns, it is used to produce power, heat, light etc （使）〔燃料〕燃烧
 The boiler burns oil to produce heat.
锅炉烧油产生热量。
 greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels
燃烧矿物燃料产生的温室气体
8  fat/energy 脂肪/能量 [transitiveT] if you burn fat or calories, you use up energy stored in your body by being physically active 消耗〔脂肪或热量〕
9  SHINElight 灯 [intransitiveI] if a light or lamp burns, it shines or produces light 发光，照亮
10  feel hot and painful 感到热和痛 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]FEEL HOT/COLD/TIRED ETC if a part of your body burns, or if something burns it, it feels unpleasantly hot （使）〔身体部位〕灼痛，（使）火辣辣地痛
11  BE EMBARRASSEDface/cheeks 脸/面颊 [intransitiveI] if your face or cheeks are burning, they feel hot because you are embarrassed or upset 〔脸因窘迫或生气而〕发烫
12. CD 光盘 [transitiveT] if you burn a CD or DVD, you record music, images, or other information onto it using special computer equipment 刻录〔光盘或数字影碟〕
13  be burning with rage/desire etc STRONG FEELING OR BELIEFto feel a particular emotion very strongly 满腔怒火/满怀强烈的欲望等
14  be burning to do something WANTto want to do or find out something very much 渴望做某事
Examples from the Corpus
be burning to do something• Hannah's burning to tell you her news.
15  be/get burned informal
Examples from the Corpus
be/get burned• A lot of people got burned buying junk bonds.• Jo's afraid of getting burned if she gets involved with someone again.
16  burn your fingers/get your fingers burned informalHARM/BE BAD FOR to suffer the unpleasant results of something that you have done 〔因自己做的事〕吃苦头，吃亏
17. burn a hole in your pocket SPEND MONEYif money burns a hole in your pocket, you want to spend it as soon as you can 有钱烧得慌，有钱就花光
Examples from the Corpus
burn a hole in your pocket• Don't wait until the money's burning a hole in your pocket, plan ahead.
18  burn your bridges/boats informalDECIDE to do something with the result that you will not be able to return to a previous situation again, even if you want to 破釜沉舟，自绝后路
Examples from the Corpus
burn your bridges/boats• He was not one for burning his boats.• She had indeed burnt her boats.• She was acutely aware that she had burnt her boats.• And, now she'd burnt her boats so very finally, he would want it back.
19. burn the candle at both ends informalWORK HARD to get very tired by doing things until very late at night and getting up early in the mornings 一根蜡烛两头烧，起早贪黑而疲惫不堪
Examples from the Corpus
burn the candle at both ends• Back in the twenties, the Millay sisters were known in New York society for burning the candle at both ends.
20. burn the midnight oil informalWORK HARD to work or study until late at night 挑灯夜战，开夜车
Examples from the Corpus
burn the midnight oil• Five worlds split into several sections is certainly enough to keep you burning the midnight oil.• Lawmakers were burning the midnight oil last night, as the debate continued.• Ingrid and other loyal friends spent long hours burning the midnight oil with her when it came to the final typing.
21  it burns somebody that/how etc American EnglishAmEANGRY used to say that something makes someone feel angry or jealous 使某人心生怒气[妒意]
22  GO FASTgo fast 快速行驶 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] informalFAST/QUICK to travel very fast 疾驰
n Grammar
Burn belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.
You can say:
You’re burning the toast!
In this sentence, ‘the toast’ is the object of burn.
You can also say:
The toast is burning!
In this sentence, ‘the toast’ is the subject of burn.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: to hurt yourself or someone else with fire or something hot
adverbs
be badly/severely burned
His face had been badly burned in the fire.
be burned alive
The animals were burned alive when a farm building caught fire.
phrases
be burned to death
Anyone inside the truck would have been burned to death.
be burned at the stake (=burned in a fire as a punishment)
In those days witches were burned at the stake.
 THESAURUS
to be burning 在燃烧
burn to produce heat and flames 燃烧
The fire was still burning.
火还在燃烧着。
A pile of branches was burning in the yard.
院子里一堆树枝在燃烧。
be on fire if a building, car, piece of clothing etc is on fire, it is burning and being damaged 〔建筑物、汽车、衣物等〕着火，起火
Before long, the neighbouring houses were on fire too.
没过多久，相邻的房子也着火了。
be alight especially written if something is alight, it is burning 在燃烧
By the time the fire engines got there, the whole building was already alight.
等消防车到那里时，整栋大楼都已经燃着了。
nThe candle was still alight.
be ablaze especially written if something is ablaze, it is burning with a lot of flames, so that it is seriously damaged 在熊熊燃烧
Twelve hours after the bombing raid, many parts of the city were still ablaze.
空袭过了12小时后，城市的许多地方仍燃烧着熊熊大火。
nThe two hundred tonnes of straw were now ablaze and firefighters struggled to get the fire under control.
blaze to burn very brightly with a lot of flames and heat 熊熊燃烧
A big log fire was blazing in the fireplace.
壁炉里用原木生的火烧得正旺。
smoulder British EnglishBrE, smolder American EnglishAmE /ˈsməʊldə $ ˈsmoʊldər/ to burn slowly and continuously, producing smoke but no flames 〔没有火焰地〕阴燃，闷燃
A cigarette smouldered in the ashtray.
一支香烟在烟灰缸内闷燃。
nThe fire in the chemical factory was so intense that it was still smouldering a week later.
nflicker if a fire or flame flickers, it burns with an unsteady light that appears and disappears quickly
A welcoming fire flickered in the grate.
Inside the shrine candles flicker next to statues of saints.
to start burning 开始燃烧
catch fire to start burning accidentally 失火，着火
We were worried the house would catch fire.
我们担心房子会失火。
nTwo farm workers died when a barn caught fire yesterday.
burst into flames to suddenly start burning and produce a lot of flames that cause serious damage 突然起大火
The plane crashed into the side of the mountain and burst into flames.
飞机撞上山腰，熊熊燃烧起来。
ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ technical if a chemical or gas ignites, it starts burning 〔化学品或气体〕点燃，起火
The compound ignites at 450 degrees Celsius.
这种化合物在450摄氏度燃烧。
nScientists could not explain why the gas had suddenly ignited.
to burn something 烧坏某物
burn to damage or destroy something with fire or heat 烧毁，烧坏；烫坏
She lit a fire and burned his letters one by one.
她点起火，把他的来信一封接一封地烧掉。
set fire to something (also set something on fire) to make something start burning so that it gets damaged 点火烧毁某物
Vandals set fire to an empty warehouse.
破坏分子放火焚烧一处空仓库。
nTeresa wondered if the burning log might set fire to the curtains.
nThe Vikings attacked villages along the coast and set them on fire.
nSparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.
scorch to damage the surface of something by burning it so that a dark mark is left on it 烧焦，烤焦
Having the iron on a very high heat can scorch the fabric.
熨斗温度太高会烫焦衣料。
nThe heater was left on all night and it scorched the wall.
singe /sɪndʒ/ to damage hair, wool, paper etc by burning it slightly so that the ends or edges are burnt 轻微烧焦，燎焦
The flames were hot enough to singe your eyebrows.
火焰烫得都能把眉毛燎焦。
scald to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam 〔被高温液体或蒸汽〕烫伤
The coffee was so hot it nearly scalded his tongue.
咖啡热得差点烫伤了他的舌头。
nIt’s easy to knock a pan off the stove and scald yourself.
nHe was scalded by steam escaping from the broken pipe.
nignite technical to make something start to burn, especially something that burns easily such as a gas or chemical
The gas is ignited by an electrical spark.
It appears he threw away a lit cigarette which ignited the petrol spilt on the ground.
to make something stop burning 使某物停止燃烧
put out to make something such as a fire, cigarette, or candle stop burning 扑灭，熄灭
It took firefighters four hours to put out the blaze.
消防员花了四个小时才把大火扑灭。
nShe threw sand on the fire to put it out.
I put out my cigarette and went back into the house.
我熄灭香烟，走回屋内。
extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ formal to make something such as a fire, cigarette, or candle stop burning 扑灭，熄灭
He managed to extinguish the flames with his coat.
他用自己的外套设法把火扑灭了。
Customers who smoke will be asked to extinguish their cigarettes or leave the premises.
吸烟的顾客会被要求熄灭香烟或离开。
blow out to make a flame or fire stop burning by blowing on it 吹灭
He blew out the candle and went to sleep.
他吹熄蜡烛去睡觉了。
The wind blew out the fire.
风把火吹灭了。
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
burn• The best protection is to get out of the sun before you get burned.• Fritter should turn golden brown but not burn.• Does styrofoam burn?• Someone had dropped a cigarette and burned a hole in the carpet.• Over 35 houses burned as wildfire swept through the town.• Christmas lights burned brightly all around town.• At one end of the room a coal fire burned brightly.• Our bodies are designed to burn carbohydrates and store fats.• The engine only burns diesel fuel.• They arrived within minutes to save the building from being burnt down.• She burnt her arm on a camping stove.• There was a hot fire in the potbellied stove and an oil lamp burning high on a table in the corner.• Marcus burned his hand on the stove.• She lit a fire and burned his letters one by one.• Most of the garbage is burned in a pit behind the building.• Jerry was badly burned in the explosion.• A pile of branches was burning in the yard.• Amongst the Phoenicians live infants were placed in the arms of a idol, and died in the flames burning inside it.• Miguel was angry enough to burn it.• There were signs, however, that she might burn out.• Oh, no! I've burnt the chicken!• Oh no, I burned the toast!• Most of his possessions had been burnt to a cinder.• Hard woods generally don't burn well.• The candle flickered briefly, then burned with a steady flame.• Cheap Scotch burns your throat.• Don't touch the iron. You'll burn yourself.
burnt to the ground• Andrew was forced to return to Britian because the medical unit he was working with was burnt to the ground.• The headquarters was burnt to the ground.• Buses were destroyed and a luxury tourist hotel burnt to the ground, although no holidaymakers were injured.
burnt at the stake• Governor Dulcitius had her sisters burnt at the stake.• He was then burnt at the stake.• Refusing to recant his doctrines as heretical, he was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Konstanz.
get burnt• Andy can juggle fire clubs and no longer gets burnt.• Many of them got burnt out.
burn along/up etc• The harder and faster they work. the more calories they will burn up and the leaner they will become.• The body not only burns up fat, but muscle and organs as well.• The usual solution, massive storage centers for recycled resources, burns up its slim profitability.• Most of these fireballs burn up or explode in the atmosphere and vanish without a trace.• Two uranium-fuelled Cosmos satellites from the Soviet Union burnt up re-entering the atmosphere around 20 years ago.• Two cases burning up the Internet show the extent to which technology has become the front line in the battles over privacy.• Coal fires burning along the way.• Millions burn up their free hours on one service, then hop to another to grab more free hours.
Related topics: Nature
burn2 ●●○ S3 noun [countableC]  
1  MIBURNan injury caused by fire, heat, the light of the sun, or acid 〔因火、高温、太阳光或酸引起的〕烧伤；灼伤；烫伤
2  a mark on something caused by fire or heat 烧[烫]伤的痕迹
3. a painful mark on the skin caused by it rubbing hard against something rough 擦伤
4  the burn informalEXERCISE a painful hot feeling in your muscles when you exercise a lot 〔大量锻炼使肌肉产生的〕酸痛感
5. DN British EnglishBrE a small stream 小溪
Examples from the Corpus
burn• He said the average length of time for a burn survivor to get over grief is 12 to 18 months.• The child had cigarette burns on his arms and legs.• The knot under his chin was still firmly fastened and he had extensive burns on his head and face.• She was treated for minor burns on her hands.• Jones suffered only minor burns when her house was set ablaze last week.• She suffered powder burns to her right hand and a bullet passed through the sleeve of her nightgown.• Radial burns can also be used to circularize an elliptical orbit.• Billy was taken to the hospital with severe burns.• Severe burns result after skin contact even with dilute solutions; the burns may not appear until hours after exposure.• The ambulance men arrived and immediately poured ice cold water over the burns.
minor burns• She needed treatment for smoke inhalation and minor burns.• Mercifully he suffered only minor burns to his wrists and neck, the judge said.• He was taken to hospital with minor burns to his hair, left arm, face and ears.• Luckily they got out with minor burns, but that could have been very serious.
burn marks• There was one chair and a narrow desk riddled with graffiti and burn marks.• He would have burn marks on his hands.• There were minute burn marks on his hands and on his shoulders.• Boy was bruised badly around the mouth, and had red burn marks around both of his wrists.• But, this should be avoided, as we created several burn marks through over-zealous use.• There was a pillow with burn marks.
From Longman Business Dictionary
burnburn /bɜːnbɜːrn/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp burned or burnt /bɜːntbɜːrnt/) [transitiveT]
1COMPUTING to copy information held on a computer’s HARD DRIVE onto a CD ROM
2be/get burned informal to lose a lot of money in a business deal, usually because it involves a high risk
A lot of investors got burned buying junk bonds which turned out to be worthless.
3burn your fingers/get your fingers burnt informal to suffer from the results of an unsuccessful business activity
Since burning their fingers on 100% lending that turned into bad debt, lenders have been limiting borrowing to 75% of the property’s value.
Origin burn1
Old English byrnan “to burn” and bærnan “to cause to burn”
burn1 verb
→10-22

→n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1 →PHRASAL VERBS1burn2 noun
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