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proportion

Word family 
Related topics: Numbers, Maths
pro·por·tion1 /prəˈpɔːʃən $ -ˈpɔːr-/ ●●○ W2 AWL noun  
1  part of STH 某物的部分 [countableC usually singular]HMNPART a part of a number or an amount, considered in relation to the whole 部分，份额
proportion of
 The proportion of women graduates has increased in recent years.
近年来女大学毕业生的比例有所上升。
 Every parent is asked to contribute a proportion of the total cost.
每位家长都被要求认捐一部分费用。
high/large/small etc proportion
 The decision affects a significant proportion of the population.
那项决定影响到相当大一部分人口。
 Although the majority of offenders are men, a small proportion – about five percent – are women.
尽管罪犯主要是男性，但女性也占据了一小部分——大约5%。
► see thesaurus at amount
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
In this meaning, proportion is usually followed by a singular verb:
A small proportion disagrees.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
A small proportion disagree.
2  relationship 关系 [countableC, uncountableU]AMOUNT the relationship between two things in size, amount, importance etc 比例
the proportion of something to something
 What’s the proportion of boys to girls in your class?
你们班里男女生的比例是多少？
in proportion to something
 The rewards you get in this job are in direct proportion to the effort you put in.
你做这份工作的报酬与你付出的努力成正比。
3  correct scale 恰当的比例 [uncountableU] the correct or most suitable relationship between the size, shape, or position of the different parts of something 〔某物各组成部分的〕相称；协调；均衡；匀称
 Builders must learn about scale and proportion.
建筑师必须学习比例和均衡。
in proportion
 Reduce the drawing so that all the elements stay in proportion.
缩小这幅画以使各部分保持协调。
in proportion to something
 Her feet are small in proportion to her height.
她的脚相对于她的身高来说很小。
out of proportion with something
 The porch is out of proportion with (=too big or too small when compared with) the rest of the house.
门廊与房子的其他部分不成比例。
4  proportions [plural]SIZE
a) the size or importance of something 大小；重要性
 Try to reduce your tasks to more manageable proportions.
尽量把你的工作减少到较易处理的量。
of immense/huge/massive etc proportions
 an ecological tragedy of enormous proportions
极其严重的生态悲剧
of epic/heroic/mythic proportions
 For most of us, Scott was a hero of mythic proportions.
对我们大多数人来说，斯科特是一个神话般的英雄。
crisis/epidemic proportions
 The flu outbreak has reached epidemic proportions.
流感的爆发已到了流行病的程度。
b) the relative sizes of the different parts of a building, object etc 〔建筑、物体等的〕比例
 a building of classic proportions
合乎经典比例的建筑
 the elegant proportions of the living room
比例雅致的起居室
Examples from the Corpus
reached ... proportions• For Pilger the drama reached almost Shakespearian proportions.• By last year the crisis had reached such proportions that Southern California introduced radical new regulations to control air pollution.• Current research shows that diabetes has reached near-epidemic proportions.• Shoplifting has reached epidemic proportions and this gave rise to a lively discussion.• The humanitarian situation has reached catastrophic proportions.• Cooperation in weapons development, sharing of technology, and information and intelligence reached unprecedented proportions.• Once merely quick, pentecostal growth has now reached the proportions of a tidal wave.• The storm reached blizzard proportions Sunday night when winds reached 35 miles per hour.
5  out of (all) proportion EXAGGERATEtoo big, great, or strong in relation to something （相对某事物来说）超出比例；与…不相称
Examples from the Corpus
get/blow something out of proportion• Things get blown out of proportion.• Things had got a bit out of proportion.• We mustn't get things out of proportion.• The issue was blown far out of proportion.
6  keep something in proportion TOO/TOO MUCHto react to a situation sensibly, and not think that it is worse or more serious than it really is 办事情[看问题]恰如其分；不把问题看得太糟[太严重] → perspective
Examples from the Corpus
keep something in proportion• The Party's recent successes in the polls are encouraging but they need to be kept in proportion.• In our celebrity-obsessed society, it is nice to see some one keeping things in proportion.• In fact it was Jack's sense of humour that kept her feelings in proportion during the next few days.• My confidence was so low it was difficult to keep things in proportion -- the smallest problem seemed like a major tragedy.• Work was carried on around the lump in a fairly ordered pattern helping to keep everything in proportion.
7  sense of proportion COMPAREthe ability to judge what is most important in a situation 区别轻重缓急的能力；主次观念
Examples from the Corpus
have/keep/lose a sense of proportion• Experiment by all means - but keep a sense of proportion. 4.• You should, however, keep a sense of proportion.• At their best, lawyers have a sense of proportion and a sense of humor.• McCartney seems to have a good sense of proportion about his fame.• But let us keep a sense of proportion.
8. mathematics 数学 [uncountableU] technicalHMN equality in the mathematical relationship between two sets of numbers, as in the statement ‘8 is to 6 as 32 is to 24’ 比例〔如8:6 = 32:24〕 → ratio
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 4:
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + proportions
enormous/massive/gigantic etc proportions
The company is heading towards a disaster of enormous proportions.
epidemic proportions (=very great size, especially in a particular place)
Shoplifting has reached epidemic proportions.
epic proportions (=very great size or importance)
An argument of epic proportions had ensued.
mythic proportions (=a size or importance that seems almost unreal)
Achieving this was a feat of mythic proportions.
historic proportions (=a size or importance that only rarely happens)
We were trapped for three days by a blizzard of historic proportions.
crisis proportions (=a size that causes very serious problems)
The water shortage was reaching crisis proportions.
manageable proportions (=a size that is easy to deal with)
First, narrow the choice down to more manageable proportions.
verbs
reach epidemic etc proportions
Alcohol abuse has reached epidemic proportions in this country.
grow to enormous etc proportions
The fish grows to gigantic proportions.
assume epidemic etc proportions formal (=become or seem very great)
Unless you deal with it quickly, the damage may assume serious proportions.
reduce something to manageable etc proportions
The disease had been reduced to negligible proportions by vaccination.
Examples from the Corpus
proportion• Already the hyperbole was out of all proportion compared to the evidence.• Architects must learn about scale and proportion.• The most desirable proportion of height to length being 9 to 10.• The new jobs would largely be unskilled and a high proportion would be in inner city areas.• Yves Rocher Dynamic Corp Bio-Vegetal range includes gel, tonics and creams all with a high proportion of sea algae.• A high proportion of the products tested were found to contain harmful chemicals.• A significant proportion of the elderly are dependent on the basic state pension.• We get a small proportion of our funding from the government.• Seventy-five percent of California's immigrants are foreign-born, and that proportion is likely to increase.• a program to increase the proportion of women and black people in the police service• Severing the umbilical cord between landlords and peasants vastly increased the proportion of the population for which the centre was directly responsible.• What is the proportion of men to women in your office?• The new law is intended to reduce the proportion of road accidents caused by drunk drivers.• Ratios between two proportions are not, however, regularly used in analysing contingency tables.• It will automatically calculate, for example, what proportion of your income goes on things like the car and household items.• What proportion have neither one, nor both parents as members of the church?• What proportion of your income do you spend on food?
high/large/small etc proportion• These figures are produced by a combination of younger marriages and a higher proportion of women marrying.• A general authority source is one that has substantial influence on a large proportion of people in a society.• Wealthy people paid a large proportion of the taxes, however, and there was a levelling upwards of income.• Thus participation in sport is increasing due to a higher proportion of the adult population taking part in at least one activity.• A high proportion of the rewards package is linked to performance, via a share in the profits on successful investments.• The mass is politically apathetic and impotent, and policy is imposed upon this large proportion of the population.• Moreover, the data suggest that Baumol-type models can account for only a very small proportion of total transactions balances.• These averages are dictated largely by the very high proportion of volunteers that operate at club level.
in direct proportion to• Latin temperaments rose in exasperation in direct proportion to their owners' frustration.• Faith's value, some even suggest, grows in direct proportion to its lack of a rational basis.• And as the country got wilder, the population grew thinner and loveliness increased in direct proportion to danger.• Could it be that Europeanism is in direct proportion to dissatisfaction with one's own political institutions?• The value of higher education, on this view, is in direct proportion to the critical capacities of its graduates.• A spinning cylinder generates lift in direct proportion to the acceleration it imparts on the air streaming by.• This indicates that ferritin is released into the serum normally in direct proportion to the amount stored in tissues.• Most commonly, the graphic distance was simply not in direct proportion to the numerical values represented.
out of proportion with something• I felt out of proportion with a short bob and, although striking, it was too neat and tidy for me.
proportion2 verb [transitiveT] formal  
to put something in a particular relationship with something else according to their relative size, amount, position etc 使相称；使成比例
be proportioned to something
 The amount of damages awarded are proportioned to the degree of injury caused.
裁定的损害赔偿金额和造成的伤害程度成正比。
n Grammar
Proportion is usually passive.
Examples from the Corpus
proportion• All storing is performed in the base port once a week with most meats being proportioned.• So long as he was solvent in law, he could not proportion his payments to creditors according to their respective debts.• Both are moved along at the same speed and in the same direction by the proportioning pump.• It provides that such damages can be awarded as are proportioned to the injury resulting from the death to the dependants respectively.
be proportioned to something• Farmers pay a small amount for use of the pasture, proportioned to the number of animals grazed there.
Origin proportion1
(1300-1400) Old French Latin proportio, from portio; → PORTION1
pro·por·tion1 noun →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1proportion2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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