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BNC: 188 COCA: 218

without

Word family 
with·out /wɪðˈaʊt $ wɪðˈaut, wɪθˈaʊt/ ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep , adverb  
1  NOT HAVEnot having something, especially something that is basic or necessary 缺乏，没有〔尤指基本或必要之物〕
 After the storm we were without electricity for five days.
暴风雨之后我们断电了五天。
 a house without a garden
不带花园的房子
 We passed two ruined abbeys, one with a tower and one without.
我们路过两座破落的寺院，一座有塔楼，另一座没有。
 I’m getting used to managing without a car.
我已经习惯没有汽车了。
→ do without at do2, → go without at go1
2  NOT HAVEused to say that a particular thing has not happened when someone does something 〔某事〕在没有…的情况下〔发生〕
 Suddenly and without any warning, the army opened fire.
没有任何警告，军队突然开火了。
 He had gone out without his parents’ permission.
他未经父母同意便出去了。
 I accepted his offer without a moment’s hesitation.
我毫不犹豫地接受了他的提议。
 I got to my destination without too much difficulty.
我没费太大周折就到达了目的地。
without doing something
 ‘What do you expect?’ he said, without looking at her.
“你指望什么呢？”他看也不看她说道。
 Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office (=he did not even say thank you as he should have done).
本连一个谢字都没说，转身就回到了办公室。
3  not feeling or showing that you feel a particular emotion 没有，不带〔某种感情〕
 He told his story without anger or bitterness.
他讲述了自己的故事，没有怒气，也没有怨恨。
4  NOT HAVEALONEnot being with someone, or not having them to help you, especially someone you like or need 无，没有〔人相伴或给予帮助〕
 I don’t know what I’d do without you.
我不知道没有你我该怎么办。
 Won’t you be lonely without her?
没有她你不会寂寞吗？
 The rest of the group set off without him.
队里的其他人出发了，只留下他一人。
5  without wanting/wishing to do something EMPHASIZEused before a criticism, complaint, or other statement to make it less strong 不想/不愿意做某事〔用于批评、投诉或其他陈述之前，使语气委婉〕
 Without wanting to sound too boastful, I think we have the best television programmes in the world.
我并不是想吹嘘，我确实觉得我们有世界上最精彩的电视节目。
Examples from the Corpus
without wanting/wishing to do something• She sank deep down again, unable to stay alert, and saw without wanting to a giant Catherine-wheel in the sky.• The expectation from government industrial ReD is one of reducing dependency on imports without wanting to achieve self-sufficiency.• Without wishing to be demeaning, computer literacy and competence is not particularly high on the list of archival training.• Lying in bed, she thought of him without wanting to hurt him at all.• He had had enough experience of strangers probing his own hurts without wanting to pry into those of others.• Without wanting to, Rose was drawn to watch.• Without wishing to scare you unduly, you should be aware that sharks do lurk out there.• Without wishing to tempt providence in any way, we appear to have got away lighting in so far as Winter is concerned.
6. old useOUT/OUTSIDE outside 在外面
→ reckon without at reckon
Examples from the Corpus
without• You can't get a passport without a birth certificate.• The schools are having to provide programs without adequate funding.• He was without any sense whatsoever.• After the storm, we were without electricity for five days.• This time Clark finished the race without falling.• I don't think grandpa could survive without his cigars.• He had gone out without his parents' permission.• Billy came to class without his school books.• There are so many people without jobs that companies receive hundreds of applications to each advertisement.• I don't know what I would do without Lisa.• How can you judge a book without reading it?• "Gourmet Food without Salt" is aimed at people with high-blood pressure.• "With or without sugar?'' "Without, please!''• No one can succeed in business without taking certain risks.
without doing something• For fifty years, she did her job without complaining.
Origin without
Old English withutan
with·out prepositionprep
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
without
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
Outside a place, object or building: outwith, outside, beyond...

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